Force propagation convenience

Grid/algorithms/Algorithms.h

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ NAMESPACE_CHECK(blas);
 #include <Grid/algorithms/blas/BatchedBlas.h>
 
 NAMESPACE_CHECK(algorithms);
+#include <Grid/algorithms/SplitOperator.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/SparseMatrix.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/LinearOperator.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/Preconditioner.h>

Grid/algorithms/LinearOperator.h

@@ -52,9 +52,31 @@ public:
   virtual void AdjOp  (const Field &in, Field &out) = 0; // Abstract base
   virtual void HermOpAndNorm(const Field &in, Field &out,RealD &n1,RealD &n2)=0;
   virtual void HermOp(const Field &in, Field &out)=0;
+
+  // As CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase::SplitClone; the returned bundle's Linop is the
+  // same kind of wrapper as this one. Collective. nullptr if not supported.
+  virtual SplitOperator<Field> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
   virtual ~LinearOperatorBase(){};
 };
 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// The wrappers below are templates on an arbitrary Matrix, and their virtual SplitClone is
+// instantiated with the class, so it must compile for Matrix types with no SplitClone.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<class Field,class Matrix>
+SplitOperator<Field> *SplitCloneMatrix(Matrix &Mat,const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+{
+  if constexpr ( std::is_base_of<CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase<Field>,Matrix>::value ) {
+    return Mat.SplitClone(mpi_split);
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // By sharing the class for Sparse Matrix across multiple operator wrappers, we can share code
@@ -102,6 +124,17 @@ public:
   void HermOp(const Field &in, Field &out){
     _Mat.MdagM(in,out);
   }
+
+  virtual SplitOperator<Field> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    SplitOperator<Field> *split = SplitCloneMatrix<Field>(_Mat,mpi_split);
+    if ( split == nullptr ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    split->Linop     = new MdagMLinearOperator<CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase<Field>,Field>(*split->Matrix);
+    split->FieldGrid = split->Matrix->Grid();
+    return split;
+  }
 };
 template<class Matrix,class Field>
 class MMdagLinearOperator : public LinearOperatorBase<Field> {
@@ -401,6 +434,17 @@ template<class Matrix,class Field>
       _Mat.MooeeDag(in,out);
       axpy(out,-1.0,tmp,out);
     }
+
+    virtual SplitOperator<Field> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+    {
+      SplitOperator<Field> *split = SplitCloneMatrix<Field>(_Mat,mpi_split);
+      if ( split == nullptr ) {
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+      split->Linop     = new SchurDiagMooeeOperator<CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase<Field>,Field>(*split->Matrix);
+      split->FieldGrid = split->Matrix->RedBlackGrid();
+      return split;
+    }
 };
 template<class Matrix,class Field>
   class SchurDiagOneOperator :  public SchurOperatorBase<Field> {
@@ -427,6 +471,17 @@ template<class Matrix,class Field>
       _Mat.MeooeDag(out,tmp);
       axpy(out,-1.0,tmp,in);
     }
+
+    virtual SplitOperator<Field> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+    {
+      SplitOperator<Field> *split = SplitCloneMatrix<Field>(_Mat,mpi_split);
+      if ( split == nullptr ) {
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+      split->Linop     = new SchurDiagOneOperator<CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase<Field>,Field>(*split->Matrix);
+      split->FieldGrid = split->Matrix->RedBlackGrid();
+      return split;
+    }
 };
 template<class Matrix,class Field>
   class SchurDiagTwoOperator :  public SchurOperatorBase<Field> {
@@ -455,6 +510,17 @@ template<class Matrix,class Field>
 
       axpy(out,-1.0,tmp,in);
     }
+
+    virtual SplitOperator<Field> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+    {
+      SplitOperator<Field> *split = SplitCloneMatrix<Field>(_Mat,mpi_split);
+      if ( split == nullptr ) {
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+      split->Linop     = new SchurDiagTwoOperator<CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase<Field>,Field>(*split->Matrix);
+      split->FieldGrid = split->Matrix->RedBlackGrid();
+      return split;
+    }
 };
 
 template<class Field>
@@ -522,6 +588,17 @@ class NonHermitianSchurDiagMooeeOperator :  public NonHermitianSchurOperatorBase
     
     axpy(out, -1.0, tmp, out);
   }
+
+  virtual SplitOperator<Field> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    SplitOperator<Field> *split = SplitCloneMatrix<Field>(_Mat,mpi_split);
+    if ( split == nullptr ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    split->Linop     = new NonHermitianSchurDiagMooeeOperator<CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase<Field>,Field>(*split->Matrix);
+    split->FieldGrid = split->Matrix->RedBlackGrid();
+    return split;
+  }
 };
     
 template<class Matrix,class Field>
@@ -552,6 +629,17 @@ class NonHermitianSchurDiagOneOperator : public NonHermitianSchurOperatorBase<Fi
     
     axpy(out, -1.0, tmp, in);
   }
+
+  virtual SplitOperator<Field> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    SplitOperator<Field> *split = SplitCloneMatrix<Field>(_Mat,mpi_split);
+    if ( split == nullptr ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    split->Linop     = new NonHermitianSchurDiagOneOperator<CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase<Field>,Field>(*split->Matrix);
+    split->FieldGrid = split->Matrix->RedBlackGrid();
+    return split;
+  }
 };
 
 template<class Matrix, class Field>
@@ -583,6 +671,17 @@ class NonHermitianSchurDiagTwoOperator : public NonHermitianSchurOperatorBase<Fi
 
     axpy(out, -1.0, tmp, in);
   }
+
+  virtual SplitOperator<Field> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    SplitOperator<Field> *split = SplitCloneMatrix<Field>(_Mat,mpi_split);
+    if ( split == nullptr ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    split->Linop     = new NonHermitianSchurDiagTwoOperator<CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase<Field>,Field>(*split->Matrix);
+    split->FieldGrid = split->Matrix->RedBlackGrid();
+    return split;
+  }
 };
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -636,6 +735,17 @@ class SchurStaggeredOperator :  public SchurOperatorBase<Field> {
   virtual void MpcDagMpc(const Field &in, Field &out) {
     GRID_ASSERT(0);// Never need with staggered
   }
+
+  virtual SplitOperator<Field> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    SplitOperator<Field> *split = SplitCloneMatrix<Field>(_Mat,mpi_split);
+    if ( split == nullptr ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    split->Linop     = new SchurStaggeredOperator<CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase<Field>,Field>(*split->Matrix);
+    split->FieldGrid = split->Matrix->RedBlackGrid();
+    return split;
+  }
 };
 template<class Matrix,class Field> using SchurStagOperator = SchurStaggeredOperator<Matrix,Field>;
 

Grid/algorithms/SparseMatrix.h

@@ -78,6 +78,17 @@ public:
   virtual  void MeooeDag    (const Field &in, Field &out)=0;
   virtual  void MooeeDag    (const Field &in, Field &out)=0;
   virtual  void MooeeInvDag (const Field &in, Field &out)=0;
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Copy of this operator on grids whose communicator is split into
+  // partitions of MPI layout mpi_split. Collective over the full
+  // communicator. nullptr if this operator cannot be cloned.
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  virtual SplitOperator<Field> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
   virtual ~CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase() {};
 };
 

Grid/algorithms/SplitOperator.h

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid
+
+    Source file: ./lib/algorithms/SplitOperator.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2026
+
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+#pragma once
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+template<class Field> class LinearOperatorBase;
+template<class Field> class CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase;
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// A copy of an operator living on grids whose communicator is split into independent
+// partitions, together with those grids. Produced by SplitClone().
+//
+// Owns everything it points to. Destruction is the reverse of creation: linear operator,
+// matrix, then grids, so no object outlives a grid it references. For 4d operators the
+// fermion grids are the gauge grids and are deleted once.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<class Field>
+class SplitOperator
+{
+public:
+  GridCartesian         *GaugeGrid     = nullptr;
+  GridRedBlackCartesian *GaugeRBGrid   = nullptr;
+  GridCartesian         *FermionGrid   = nullptr;
+  GridRedBlackCartesian *FermionRBGrid = nullptr;
+
+  int Partition  = 0;  // Grid_split vector index held by this rank's partition
+  int Partitions = 1;  // number of partitions
+
+  CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase<Field> *Matrix    = nullptr;
+  LinearOperatorBase<Field>             *Linop     = nullptr;
+  GridBase                              *FieldGrid = nullptr;  // grid of Linop's fields
+
+  SplitOperator(void) {};
+
+  SplitOperator(const SplitOperator &) = delete;
+
+  SplitOperator &operator=(const SplitOperator &) = delete;
+
+  ~SplitOperator(void)
+  {
+    delete Linop;
+    delete Matrix;
+    if ( FermionRBGrid != GaugeRBGrid ) {
+      delete FermionRBGrid;
+    }
+    if ( FermionGrid != GaugeGrid ) {
+      delete FermionGrid;
+    }
+    delete GaugeRBGrid;
+    delete GaugeGrid;
+  }
+};
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Index of the vector that Grid_split(std::vector<Field> full, Field split) delivers to this
+// rank's partition. Grid_split orders partitions lexicographically with the first
+// dimension fastest; the split communicator's own rank (srank) uses the reversed MPI
+// convention, so the two differ whenever more than one dimension is split.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+inline int GridSplitVectorIndex(GridBase *full,GridBase *split)
+{
+  int nd = full->_ndimension;
+  GRID_ASSERT(split->_ndimension == nd);
+
+  Coordinate scoor(nd);
+  Coordinate ssize(nd);
+  for(int d=0;d<nd;d++){
+    scoor[d] = full->ThisProcessorCoor()[d] / split->ProcessorGrid()[d];
+    ssize[d] = full->ProcessorGrid()[d]     / split->ProcessorGrid()[d];
+  }
+  int index;
+  Lexicographic::IndexFromCoor(scoor,index,ssize);
+  return index;
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Partition MPI layout for a batched solve on grid, from a request as given on the command
+// line (--batched-solver-split). Uses the trailing dimensions of grid's processor and shm
+// layouts, so it works for 4d and 5d grids. Returns grid's own processor layout (one
+// partition) when no split is requested. Asserts divisibility; warns when partitions
+// straddle nodes, when node boundaries are not visible, or when there are more partitions
+// than right-hand sides.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+inline Coordinate BatchedSolverSplitLayout(GridBase *grid,
+                                           const Coordinate &request,
+                                           bool node,
+                                           int nbatch,
+                                           int &partitions)
+{
+  int nd  = GridDefaultMpi().size();
+  int pad = grid->_ndimension - nd;
+  GRID_ASSERT(pad >= 0);
+  GRID_ASSERT(grid->ShmGrid().size() == grid->_ndimension);
+
+  Coordinate processors(nd);
+  Coordinate shm(nd);
+  for(int d=0;d<nd;d++){
+    processors[d] = grid->ProcessorGrid()[pad+d];
+    shm[d]        = grid->ShmGrid()[pad+d];
+  }
+
+  Coordinate split(nd);
+  if ( node ) {
+    split = shm;
+  } else if ( request.size() == 0 ) {
+    split = processors;
+  } else {
+    GRID_ASSERT(request.size() == nd);
+    split = request;
+  }
+
+  partitions = 1;
+  for(int d=0;d<nd;d++){
+    GRID_ASSERT( (processors[d] % split[d]) == 0 );
+    partitions *= processors[d] / split[d];
+  }
+  if ( partitions == 1 ) {
+    return split;
+  }
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "BatchedSolverSplit: partition layout " << split
+            << " of " << processors << " : " << partitions << " partitions" << std::endl;
+
+  int inside_node  = 1;
+  int whole_nodes  = 1;
+  int shm_trivial  = 1;
+  for(int d=0;d<nd;d++){
+    if ( (shm[d] % split[d]) != 0 ) {
+      inside_node = 0;
+    }
+    if ( (split[d] % shm[d]) != 0 ) {
+      whole_nodes = 0;
+    }
+    if ( shm[d] != 1 ) {
+      shm_trivial = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  if ( shm_trivial ) {
+    std::cout << GridLogWarning << "BatchedSolverSplit: shm layout is trivial (one rank per node,"
+              << " or shared memory disabled); node locality of partitions not checked" << std::endl;
+  } else if ( !inside_node && !whole_nodes ) {
+    std::cout << GridLogWarning << "BatchedSolverSplit: partitions " << split
+              << " straddle node boundaries (node layout " << shm << "); inner solves will communicate off node" << std::endl;
+  }
+  if ( partitions > nbatch ) {
+    std::cout << GridLogWarning << "BatchedSolverSplit: " << partitions << " partitions for "
+              << nbatch << " right-hand sides; the extra partitions only solve zero padding" << std::endl;
+  }
+  return split;
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMixedPrecBatched.h

@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@ public:
   LinearFunction<FieldF> *guesser;
   bool updateResidual;
   
+  // Inner solves on independent partitions of the communicator (--batched-solver-split).
+  // BatchedSplit is the partition MPI layout, empty for no split; BatchedSplitNode selects
+  // one partition per node. Default from the command line; callers may override.
+  Coordinate BatchedSplit;
+  bool       BatchedSplitNode;
+
   MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched(RealD tol, 
           Integer maxinnerit, 
           Integer maxouterit, 
@@ -61,7 +67,8 @@ public:
           bool _updateResidual=true) :
     Linop_f(_Linop_f), Linop_d(_Linop_d),
     Tolerance(tol), InnerTolerance(tol), MaxInnerIterations(maxinnerit), MaxOuterIterations(maxouterit), MaxPatchupIterations(maxpatchit), SinglePrecGrid(_sp_grid),
-    OuterLoopNormMult(100.), guesser(NULL), updateResidual(_updateResidual) { };
+    OuterLoopNormMult(100.), guesser(NULL), updateResidual(_updateResidual),
+    BatchedSplit(GridDefaultBatchedSolverSplit()), BatchedSplitNode(GridDefaultBatchedSolverSplitNode()) { };
 
   void useGuesser(LinearFunction<FieldF> &g){
     guesser = &g;
@@ -130,6 +137,20 @@ public:
     ConjugateGradient<FieldF> CG_f(inner_tol, MaxInnerIterations);
     CG_f.ErrorOnNoConverge = false;
     
+    //Optionally clone the single precision operator onto split-communicator partitions
+    GridStopWatch SplitTimer;
+    SplitOperator<FieldF> *split = nullptr;
+    int partitions;
+    Coordinate layout = BatchedSolverSplitLayout(SinglePrecGrid,BatchedSplit,BatchedSplitNode,NBatch,partitions);
+    if ( partitions > 1 ) {
+      SplitTimer.Start();
+      split = Linop_f.SplitClone(layout);
+      SplitTimer.Stop();
+      if ( split == nullptr ) {
+        std::cout << GridLogMessage << "MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched: operator cannot be split; serial inner solves" << std::endl;
+      }
+    }
+    
     Integer &outer_iter = TotalOuterIterations; //so it will be equal to the final iteration count
       
     for(outer_iter = 0; outer_iter < MaxOuterIterations; outer_iter++){
@@ -169,12 +190,18 @@ public:
         (*guesser)(src_f, sol_f);
       }
 
+      if ( split != nullptr ) {
+        InnerSplitSolves(*split, CG_f, src_f, sol_f, TotalInnerIterations, InnerCGtimer, SplitTimer);
+      }
+
       for (int i=0; i<NBatch; i++) {
         //Inner CG
-        InnerCGtimer.Start();
-        CG_f(Linop_f, src_f[i], sol_f[i]);
-        InnerCGtimer.Stop();
-        TotalInnerIterations[i] += CG_f.IterationsToComplete;
+        if ( split == nullptr ) {
+          InnerCGtimer.Start();
+          CG_f(Linop_f, src_f[i], sol_f[i]);
+          InnerCGtimer.Stop();
+          TotalInnerIterations[i] += CG_f.IterationsToComplete;
+        }
         
         //Convert sol back to double and add to double prec solution
         PrecChangeTimer.Start();
@@ -185,6 +212,8 @@ public:
       }
 
     }
+
+    delete split;
     
     //Final trial CG
     std::cout << GridLogMessage << std::endl;
@@ -203,9 +232,78 @@ public:
       std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched: solve " << i << " Inner CG iterations " << TotalInnerIterations[i] << " Restarts " << TotalOuterIterations << " Final CG iterations " << TotalFinalStepIterations[i] << std::endl;
     }
     std::cout << GridLogMessage << std::endl;
-    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched: Total time " << TotalTimer.Elapsed() << " Precision change " << PrecChangeTimer.Elapsed() << " Inner CG total " << InnerCGtimer.Elapsed() << std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched: Total time " << TotalTimer.Elapsed() << " Precision change " << PrecChangeTimer.Elapsed() << " Inner CG total " << InnerCGtimer.Elapsed() << " Split setup and transfer " << SplitTimer.Elapsed() << std::endl;
     
   }
+
+private:
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // One inner solve per partition, in groups of Partitions right-hand sides. The last
+  // group is zero-padded; a zero source returns at once from CG. Collective.
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  void InnerSplitSolves(SplitOperator<FieldF> &split,
+                        ConjugateGradient<FieldF> &CG_f,
+                        std::vector<FieldF> &src_f,
+                        std::vector<FieldF> &sol_f,
+                        std::vector<Integer> &TotalInnerIterations,
+                        GridStopWatch &InnerCGtimer,
+                        GridStopWatch &SplitTimer)
+  {
+    int NBatch = src_f.size();
+    int P      = split.Partitions;
+    int cb     = src_f[0].Checkerboard();
+
+    FieldF s_src(split.FieldGrid);
+    FieldF s_sol(split.FieldGrid);
+    std::vector<FieldF> group_src(P,SinglePrecGrid);
+    std::vector<FieldF> group_sol(P,SinglePrecGrid);
+    std::vector<uint64_t> iters(P);
+
+    for(int g=0;g<NBatch;g+=P){
+
+      // Gather the group; zero-pad past the end of the batch
+      for(int p=0;p<P;p++){
+        group_src[p].Checkerboard() = cb;
+        group_sol[p].Checkerboard() = cb;
+        if ( g+p < NBatch ) {
+          group_src[p] = src_f[g+p];
+          group_sol[p] = sol_f[g+p];
+        } else {
+          group_src[p] = Zero();
+          group_sol[p] = Zero();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // The initial guess (e.g. from the guesser) travels with the source
+      SplitTimer.Start();
+      Grid_split(group_src,s_src);
+      Grid_split(group_sol,s_sol);
+      SplitTimer.Stop();
+
+      InnerCGtimer.Start();
+      CG_f(*split.Linop,s_src,s_sol);
+      InnerCGtimer.Stop();
+
+      SplitTimer.Start();
+      Grid_unsplit(group_sol,s_sol);
+      SplitTimer.Stop();
+
+      // One iteration count per partition, contributed by the partition's rank 0 only
+      for(int p=0;p<P;p++){
+        iters[p] = 0;
+      }
+      if ( split.FieldGrid->ThisRank() == 0 ) {
+        iters[split.Partition] = CG_f.IterationsToComplete;
+      }
+      SinglePrecGrid->GlobalSumVector(&iters[0],P);
+
+      for(int p=0;p<P && g+p<NBatch;p++){
+        sol_f[g+p] = group_sol[p];
+        TotalInnerIterations[g+p] += iters[p];
+      }
+    }
+  }
 };
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/communicator/Communicator_mpi3.cc

@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,const
   // Set up from the new split communicator
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   InitFromMPICommunicator(processors,comm_split);
+  _shm_processors = shm_processors;
 
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Take the right SHM buffers

Grid/qcd/action/ActionParams.h

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ struct WilsonImplParams {
   AcceleratorVector<Real,Nd> twist_n_2pi_L;
   AcceleratorVector<Complex,Nd> boundary_phases;
   WilsonImplParams()  {
+    overlapCommsCompute=true;
     dirichlet.resize(0);
     partialDirichlet=0;
     boundary_phases.resize(Nd, 1.0);

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/CayleyFermion5D.h

@@ -81,6 +81,15 @@ public:
     mass_minus=_mass_minus;
     SetCoefficientsInternal(_zolo_hi,_gamma,_b,_c);  // Reset coeffs
   } ;
+
+  // Everything SetMass needs, plus the boost, then rebuild the coefficient arrays in clone
+  void CloneCoefficientsInto(CayleyFermion5D<Impl> &clone)
+  {
+    clone.mass_plus  = mass_plus;
+    clone.mass_minus = mass_minus;
+    clone.qmu        = qmu;
+    clone.SetCoefficientsInternal(_zolo_hi,_gamma,_b,_c);
+  }
   void  P(const FermionField &psi, FermionField &chi);
   void  Pdag(const FermionField &psi, FermionField &chi);
   

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/CompactWilsonCloverFermion.h

@@ -189,6 +189,71 @@ public:
 
   void ImportGauge(const GaugeField& _Umu) override;
 
+  // Install already computed clover fields and inverses, and derive the checkerboarded parts
+  void ImportCloverTerms(const CloverDiagonalField& D,
+                         const CloverTriangleField& T,
+                         const CloverDiagonalField& Dinv,
+                         const CloverTriangleField& Tinv)
+  {
+    Diagonal    = D;
+    Triangle    = T;
+    DiagonalInv = Dinv;
+    TriangleInv = Tinv;
+    pickCheckerboard(Even, DiagonalEven,    Diagonal);
+    pickCheckerboard(Even, TriangleEven,    Triangle);
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd,  DiagonalOdd,     Diagonal);
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd,  TriangleOdd,     Triangle);
+    pickCheckerboard(Even, DiagonalInvEven, DiagonalInv);
+    pickCheckerboard(Even, TriangleInvEven, TriangleInv);
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd,  DiagonalInvOdd,  DiagonalInv);
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd,  TriangleInvOdd,  TriangleInv);
+  }
+
+  // Exact type only: derived operators must not inherit this
+  SplitOperator<FermionField> *SplitClone(const Coordinate& mpi_split) override
+  {
+    if ( typeid(*this) != typeid(CompactWilsonCloverFermion<Impl,CloverHelpers>) ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    if ( Impl::isGparity ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    SplitOperator<FermionField> *split = this->MakeSplitGrids(mpi_split);
+
+    // Placeholder links; the doubled field and clover fields are overwritten below.
+    // Boundary masks are rebuilt by the constructor from global coordinates.
+    GaugeField Uplaceholder(split->GaugeGrid);
+    Uplaceholder = Zero();
+
+    CompactWilsonCloverFermion<Impl,CloverHelpers> *clone =
+      new CompactWilsonCloverFermion<Impl,CloverHelpers>(Uplaceholder,
+                                                         *split->GaugeGrid,
+                                                         *split->GaugeRBGrid,
+                                                         this->mass,
+                                                         csw_r,
+                                                         csw_t,
+                                                         cF,
+                                                         this->anisotropyCoeff,
+                                                         this->Params);
+    // The stored coefficients are post-scaled; the constructor would scale them again
+    clone->csw_r = csw_r;
+    clone->csw_t = csw_t;
+
+    CloverDiagonalField sD(split->GaugeGrid);
+    CloverTriangleField sT(split->GaugeGrid);
+    CloverDiagonalField sDinv(split->GaugeGrid);
+    CloverTriangleField sTinv(split->GaugeGrid);
+    Grid_split(Diagonal,sD);
+    Grid_split(Triangle,sT);
+    Grid_split(DiagonalInv,sDinv);
+    Grid_split(TriangleInv,sTinv);
+    clone->ImportCloverTerms(sD,sT,sDinv,sTinv);
+
+    this->SplitDoubledGaugeInto(*clone);
+    split->Matrix = clone;
+    return split;
+  }
+
   /////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Helpers
   /////////////////////////////////////////////

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/DWFSlow.h

@@ -109,10 +109,69 @@ public:
   ////////////////////////
   // Derivative interface
   ////////////////////////
-  // Interface calls an internal routine
-  void DhopDeriv(GaugeField &mat,const FermionField &U,const FermionField &V,int dag)  { GRID_ASSERT(0);};
-  void DhopDerivOE(GaugeField &mat,const FermionField &U,const FermionField &V,int dag){ GRID_ASSERT(0);};
-  void DhopDerivEO(GaugeField &mat,const FermionField &U,const FermionField &V,int dag){ GRID_ASSERT(0);};
+  // Force on every link of every s-slice, in the form WilsonFermion5D uses:
+  //   F5[mu](x,s) = tr_spin[ Btilde(x,s) A(x,s)^dag ]
+  //   Btilde(x,s) = -1/2 U_mu(x,s) (1 -+ gamma_mu) B(x+mu,s), lower sign for dag
+  // Dhop5 carries no gauge links and contributes nothing.
+  void DhopDeriv5D(std::vector<GaugeLinkField> &F5,const FermionField &A,const FermionField &B,int dag)
+  {
+    RealD sgn= 1.0;
+    if (dag ) sgn=-1.0;
+
+    Gamma::Algebra Gmu [] = {
+			 Gamma::Algebra::GammaX,
+			 Gamma::Algebra::GammaY,
+			 Gamma::Algebra::GammaZ,
+			 Gamma::Algebra::GammaT
+    };
+
+    FermionField tmp(B.Grid());
+    FermionField Btilde(B.Grid());
+    for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
+      tmp    = Umu[mu] * Cshift(B,mu+1,1);
+      Btilde = tmp - Gamma(Gmu[mu])*tmp*sgn;
+      Btilde = -0.5*Btilde;
+      F5[mu] = TraceIndex<SpinIndex>(outerProduct(Btilde,A));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Every slice holds the same 4D gauge field, so the 4D force is the sum over slices
+  void DhopDeriv(GaugeField &mat,const FermionField &A,const FermionField &B,int dag)
+  {
+    std::vector<GaugeLinkField> F5(Nd,_grid);
+    DhopDeriv5D(F5,A,B,dag);
+
+    GaugeLinkField slice(_grid4);
+    GaugeLinkField sum(_grid4);
+    for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
+      sum = Zero();
+      for(int s=0;s<Ls;s++){
+        ExtractSlice(slice,F5[mu],s,0);
+        sum = sum + slice;
+      }
+      PokeIndex<LorentzIndex>(mat,sum,mu);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The checkerboard here is 5D, so a field on one checkerboard touches links at both 4D
+  // parities: the even-odd forces are returned on the full 4D gauge grid.
+  int CheckerboardedForce(void) { return 0; };
+
+  // A and B on opposite 5D checkerboards, placed in zeroed full fields: the full-lattice
+  // derivative then picks up exactly the links Meooe uses between them.
+  void DhopDerivCB(GaugeField &mat,const FermionField &A,const FermionField &B,int dag)
+  {
+    GRID_ASSERT(A.Checkerboard() != B.Checkerboard());
+    FermionField Afull(_grid);
+    FermionField Bfull(_grid);
+    Afull = Zero();
+    Bfull = Zero();
+    setCheckerboard(Afull,A);
+    setCheckerboard(Bfull,B);
+    DhopDeriv(mat,Afull,Bfull,dag);
+  }
+  void DhopDerivOE(GaugeField &mat,const FermionField &U,const FermionField &V,int dag){ DhopDerivCB(mat,U,V,dag);};
+  void DhopDerivEO(GaugeField &mat,const FermionField &U,const FermionField &V,int dag){ DhopDerivCB(mat,U,V,dag);};
 
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // non-hermitian hopping term; half cb or both
@@ -200,6 +259,7 @@ public:
     _grid(&Fgrid),
     _cbgrid(&Hgrid),
     _grid4(_Umu.Grid()),
+    _cbgrid4(nullptr),  // the checkerboard is 5D; there is no 4D red-black grid
     Umu(Nd,&Fgrid),
     UmuEven(Nd,&Hgrid),
     UmuOdd(Nd,&Hgrid),
@@ -221,10 +281,6 @@ public:
       MassField =scalar(-mass);
       one       =scalar(1.0);
       MassField =where(coor==Integer(Ls-1),MassField,one);
-      for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
-	pickCheckerboard(Even,UmuEven[mu],Umu[mu]);
-	pickCheckerboard(Odd ,UmuOdd[mu],Umu[mu]);
-      }
       pickCheckerboard(Even,MassFieldEven,MassField);
       pickCheckerboard(Odd ,MassFieldOdd,MassField);
       
@@ -239,6 +295,8 @@ public:
       for(int s=0;s<this->Ls;s++){
 	InsertSlice(U4,Umu[mu],s,0);
       }
+      pickCheckerboard(Even,UmuEven[mu],Umu[mu]);
+      pickCheckerboard(Odd ,UmuOdd[mu],Umu[mu]);
     }
   }
 

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/DomainWallFermion.h

@@ -132,6 +132,35 @@ public:
     Approx::zolotarev_free(zdata);
   }
 
+  // Exact type only: derived operators must not inherit this
+  virtual SplitOperator<FermionField> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    if ( typeid(*this) != typeid(DomainWallFermion<Impl>) ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    if ( this->Dirichlet || Impl::LsVectorised || Impl::isGparity ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    SplitOperator<FermionField> *split = this->MakeSplitGrids(mpi_split);
+
+    // Placeholder links; the doubled field is overwritten below
+    GaugeField Uplaceholder(split->GaugeGrid);
+    Uplaceholder = Zero();
+
+    DomainWallFermion<Impl> *clone = new DomainWallFermion<Impl>(Uplaceholder,
+                                                                 *split->FermionGrid,
+                                                                 *split->FermionRBGrid,
+                                                                 *split->GaugeGrid,
+                                                                 *split->GaugeRBGrid,
+                                                                 this->mass_plus,
+                                                                 this->M5,
+                                                                 this->Params);
+    this->CloneCoefficientsInto(*clone);
+    this->SplitDoubledGaugeInto(*clone);
+    split->Matrix = clone;
+    return split;
+  }
+
 };
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/FermionOperator.h

@@ -59,6 +59,35 @@ public:
   virtual GridBase *GaugeGrid(void)           =0;
   virtual GridBase *GaugeRedBlackGrid(void)   =0;
 
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Split-communicator copies of this operator's gauge and fermion
+  // grids, returned in a new bundle with no Matrix or Linop yet.
+  // Partitions have MPI layout mpi_split. Collective.
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  SplitOperator<FermionField> *MakeSplitGrids(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    GridCartesian *U = dynamic_cast<GridCartesian *>(GaugeGrid());
+    GRID_ASSERT(U != nullptr);
+    GRID_ASSERT(mpi_split.size() == Nd);
+
+    SplitOperator<FermionField> *split = new SplitOperator<FermionField>();
+
+    split->GaugeGrid   = new GridCartesian(U->FullDimensions(),U->_simd_layout,mpi_split,*U);
+    split->GaugeRBGrid = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimRedBlackGrid(split->GaugeGrid);
+    split->Partition   = GridSplitVectorIndex(U,split->GaugeGrid);
+    split->Partitions  = U->ProcessorCount()/split->GaugeGrid->ProcessorCount();
+
+    if ( FermionGrid()->Nd() == Nd+1 ) {
+      int Ls = FermionGrid()->_fdimensions[0];
+      split->FermionGrid   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimGrid(Ls,split->GaugeGrid);
+      split->FermionRBGrid = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimRedBlackGrid(Ls,split->GaugeGrid);
+    } else {
+      split->FermionGrid   = split->GaugeGrid;
+      split->FermionRBGrid = split->GaugeRBGrid;
+    }
+    return split;
+  }
+
   // override multiply
   virtual void  M    (const FermionField &in, FermionField &out)=0;
   virtual void  Mdag (const FermionField &in, FermionField &out)=0;
@@ -88,6 +117,10 @@ public:
   virtual void DhopDerivEO(GaugeField &mat,const FermionField &U,const FermionField &V,int dag)=0;
   virtual void DhopDerivOE(GaugeField &mat,const FermionField &U,const FermionField &V,int dag)=0;
 
+  // 1 if MoeDeriv/MeoDeriv return a force on a single 4D checkerboard (4D red-black),
+  // 0 if they return it on the full 4D gauge grid (a checkerboard that includes s)
+  virtual int CheckerboardedForce(void) { return 1; };
+
   virtual void  Mdiag  (const FermionField &in, FermionField &out) { Mooee(in,out);};   // Same as Mooee applied to both CB's
   virtual void  Mdir   (const FermionField &in, FermionField &out,int dir,int disp)=0;   // case by case Wilson, Clover, Cayley, ContFrac, PartFrac
   virtual void  MdirAll(const FermionField &in, std::vector<FermionField> &out)=0;   // case by case Wilson, Clover, Cayley, ContFrac, PartFrac

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/MobiusFermion.h

@@ -70,6 +70,37 @@ public:
  
   }
 
+  // Exact type only: derived operators (e.g. ScaledShamirFermion) must not inherit this
+  virtual SplitOperator<FermionField> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    if ( typeid(*this) != typeid(MobiusFermion<Impl>) ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    if ( this->Dirichlet || Impl::LsVectorised || Impl::isGparity ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    SplitOperator<FermionField> *split = this->MakeSplitGrids(mpi_split);
+
+    // Placeholder links; the doubled field is overwritten below
+    GaugeField Uplaceholder(split->GaugeGrid);
+    Uplaceholder = Zero();
+
+    MobiusFermion<Impl> *clone = new MobiusFermion<Impl>(Uplaceholder,
+                                                         *split->FermionGrid,
+                                                         *split->FermionRBGrid,
+                                                         *split->GaugeGrid,
+                                                         *split->GaugeRBGrid,
+                                                         this->mass_plus,
+                                                         this->M5,
+                                                         this->_b,
+                                                         this->_c,
+                                                         this->Params);
+    this->CloneCoefficientsInto(*clone);
+    this->SplitDoubledGaugeInto(*clone);
+    split->Matrix = clone;
+    return split;
+  }
+
 };
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/WilsonCloverFermion.h

@@ -91,6 +91,60 @@ public:
   // Derivative parts unpreconditioned pseudofermions
   void MDeriv(GaugeField &force, const FermionField &X, const FermionField &Y, int dag);
 
+  // Install already computed clover term and inverse, and derive the checkerboarded parts
+  void ImportCloverTerms(const CloverField &C, const CloverField &Cinv)
+  {
+    CloverTerm    = C;
+    CloverTermInv = Cinv;
+    pickCheckerboard(Even, CloverTermEven, CloverTerm);
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd,  CloverTermOdd,  CloverTerm);
+    pickCheckerboard(Even, CloverTermDagEven, adj(CloverTerm));
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd,  CloverTermDagOdd,  adj(CloverTerm));
+    pickCheckerboard(Even, CloverTermInvEven, CloverTermInv);
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd,  CloverTermInvOdd,  CloverTermInv);
+    pickCheckerboard(Even, CloverTermInvDagEven, adj(CloverTermInv));
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd,  CloverTermInvDagOdd,  adj(CloverTermInv));
+  }
+
+  // Exact type only: derived operators must not inherit this
+  virtual SplitOperator<FermionField> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    if ( typeid(*this) != typeid(WilsonCloverFermion<Impl,CloverHelpers>) ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    if ( Impl::isGparity ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    SplitOperator<FermionField> *split = this->MakeSplitGrids(mpi_split);
+
+    // Placeholder links; the doubled field and clover terms are overwritten below
+    GaugeField Uplaceholder(split->GaugeGrid);
+    Uplaceholder = Zero();
+
+    WilsonCloverFermion<Impl,CloverHelpers> *clone =
+      new WilsonCloverFermion<Impl,CloverHelpers>(Uplaceholder,
+                                                  *split->GaugeGrid,
+                                                  *split->GaugeRBGrid,
+                                                  this->mass,
+                                                  csw_r,
+                                                  csw_t,
+                                                  this->anisotropyCoeff,
+                                                  this->Params);
+    // The stored coefficients are post-scaled; the constructor would scale them again
+    clone->csw_r = csw_r;
+    clone->csw_t = csw_t;
+
+    CloverField sC(split->GaugeGrid);
+    CloverField sCinv(split->GaugeGrid);
+    Grid_split(CloverTerm,sC);
+    Grid_split(CloverTermInv,sCinv);
+    clone->ImportCloverTerms(sC,sCinv);
+
+    this->SplitDoubledGaugeInto(*clone);
+    split->Matrix = clone;
+    return split;
+  }
+
 public:
   // here fixing the 4 dimensions, make it more general?
 

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/WilsonFermion.h

@@ -147,6 +147,48 @@ public:
   // DoubleStore impl dependent
   void ImportGauge(const GaugeField &_Umu);
 
+  // Install an already doubled gauge field (phases, twists, anisotropy and -1/2 applied)
+  void ImportDoubledGauge(const DoubledGaugeField &U)
+  {
+    Umu = U;
+    pickCheckerboard(Even,UmuEven,Umu);
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd ,UmuOdd ,Umu);
+  }
+
+  // Redistribute this operator's doubled gauge field onto clone's split grid. Collective.
+  void SplitDoubledGaugeInto(WilsonFermion<Impl> &clone)
+  {
+    DoubledGaugeField sUmu(clone.GaugeGrid());
+    Grid_split(Umu,sUmu);
+    clone.ImportDoubledGauge(sUmu);
+  }
+
+  // Exact type only: derived operators (e.g. WilsonTMFermion) must not inherit this
+  virtual SplitOperator<FermionField> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    if ( typeid(*this) != typeid(WilsonFermion<Impl>) ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    if ( Impl::isGparity ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    SplitOperator<FermionField> *split = this->MakeSplitGrids(mpi_split);
+
+    // Placeholder links; the doubled field is overwritten below
+    GaugeField Uplaceholder(split->GaugeGrid);
+    Uplaceholder = Zero();
+
+    WilsonFermion<Impl> *clone = new WilsonFermion<Impl>(Uplaceholder,
+                                                         *split->GaugeGrid,
+                                                         *split->GaugeRBGrid,
+                                                         mass,
+                                                         this->Params,
+                                                         anisotropyCoeff);
+    SplitDoubledGaugeInto(*clone);
+    split->Matrix = clone;
+    return split;
+  }
+
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Data members require to support the functionality
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/WilsonFermion5D.h

@@ -181,6 +181,22 @@ public:
   // DoubleStore
   void ImportGauge(const GaugeField &_Umu);
     
+  // Install an already doubled gauge field (phases, twists and -1/2 applied)
+  void ImportDoubledGauge(const DoubledGaugeField &U)
+  {
+    Umu = U;
+    pickCheckerboard(Even,UmuEven,Umu);
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd ,UmuOdd ,Umu);
+  }
+
+  // Redistribute this operator's doubled gauge field onto clone's split grid. Collective.
+  void SplitDoubledGaugeInto(WilsonFermion5D<Impl> &clone)
+  {
+    DoubledGaugeField sUmu(clone.GaugeGrid());
+    Grid_split(Umu,sUmu);
+    clone.ImportDoubledGauge(sUmu);
+  }
+
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Data members require to support the functionality
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/ZMobiusFermion.h

@@ -67,6 +67,44 @@ public:
     this->SetCoefficientsInternal(1.0,zgamma,b,c);
   }
 
+  // Exact type only: derived operators must not inherit this
+  virtual SplitOperator<FermionField> *SplitClone(const Coordinate &mpi_split)
+  {
+    if ( typeid(*this) != typeid(ZMobiusFermion<Impl>) ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    if ( this->Dirichlet || Impl::LsVectorised || Impl::isGparity ) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    SplitOperator<FermionField> *split = this->MakeSplitGrids(mpi_split);
+
+    // Placeholder links; the doubled field is overwritten below
+    GaugeField Uplaceholder(split->GaugeGrid);
+    Uplaceholder = Zero();
+
+    // Constructor argument only; CloneCoefficientsInto restores _gamma at full precision
+    std::vector<ComplexD> gamma(this->Ls);
+    for ( int s=0; s<this->Ls; s++ ) {
+      gamma[s] = this->_gamma[s];
+    }
+
+    ZMobiusFermion<Impl> *clone = new ZMobiusFermion<Impl>(Uplaceholder,
+                                                           *split->FermionGrid,
+                                                           *split->FermionRBGrid,
+                                                           *split->GaugeGrid,
+                                                           *split->GaugeRBGrid,
+                                                           this->mass_plus,
+                                                           this->M5,
+                                                           gamma,
+                                                           this->_b,
+                                                           this->_c,
+                                                           this->Params);
+    this->CloneCoefficientsInto(*clone);
+    this->SplitDoubledGaugeInto(*clone);
+    split->Matrix = clone;
+    return split;
+  }
+
 };
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/qcd/action/pseudofermion/EvenOddSchurDifferentiable.h

@@ -64,6 +64,20 @@ public:
     GRID_ASSERT(U.Checkerboard()==Odd);
     GRID_ASSERT(V.Checkerboard()==U.Checkerboard());
 
+    // Forces returned on the full 4D grid (checkerboard including s): same sequence, summed
+    if ( !this->_Mat.CheckerboardedForce() ) {
+      GaugeField ForceO(Force.Grid());
+      GaugeField ForceE(Force.Grid());
+      this->_Mat.Meooe   (V,tmp1);
+      this->_Mat.MooeeInv(tmp1,tmp2);
+      this->_Mat.MoeDeriv(ForceO,U,tmp2,DaggerNo);
+      this->_Mat.MeooeDag   (U,tmp1);
+      this->_Mat.MooeeInvDag(tmp1,tmp2);
+      this->_Mat.MeoDeriv(ForceE,tmp2,V,DaggerNo);
+      Force = -(ForceO+ForceE);
+      return;
+    }
+
     // NOTE Guido: WE DO NOT WANT TO USE THE ucbgrid GRID FOR THE FORCE
     // it is not conformable with the HMC force field
     // Case: Ls vectorised fields
@@ -109,6 +123,20 @@ public:
     GRID_ASSERT(V.Checkerboard()==Odd);
     GRID_ASSERT(V.Checkerboard()==V.Checkerboard());
 
+    // Forces returned on the full 4D grid (checkerboard including s): same sequence, summed
+    if ( !this->_Mat.CheckerboardedForce() ) {
+      GaugeField ForceO(Force.Grid());
+      GaugeField ForceE(Force.Grid());
+      this->_Mat.MeooeDag   (V,tmp1);
+      this->_Mat.MooeeInvDag(tmp1,tmp2);
+      this->_Mat.MoeDeriv(ForceO,U,tmp2,DaggerYes);
+      this->_Mat.Meooe   (U,tmp1);
+      this->_Mat.MooeeInv(tmp1,tmp2);
+      this->_Mat.MeoDeriv(ForceE,tmp2,V,DaggerYes);
+      Force = -(ForceO+ForceE);
+      return;
+    }
+
     // NOTE Guido: WE DO NOT WANT TO USE THE ucbgrid GRID FOR THE FORCE
     // it is not conformable with the HMC force field
     // INHERIT FROM THE Force field instead

Grid/qcd/smearing/GaugeConfiguration.h

@@ -125,6 +125,16 @@ public:
     return SmearedSet[Level];
   }
 
+  /*! @brief Level n of the smearing chain: 0 is the thin links, n is n smearing steps */
+  const GaugeField &get_level(int n) const
+  {
+    GRID_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n <= (int)smearingLevels);
+    if ( n == 0 ) {
+      return *ThinLinks;
+    }
+    return SmearedSet[n-1];
+  }
+
   //====================================================================
   void set_iLambda(GaugeLinkField& iLambda, GaugeLinkField& e_iQ,
                    const GaugeLinkField& iQ, const GaugeLinkField& Sigmap,
@@ -277,6 +287,45 @@ public:
     SigmaTilde=Gimpl::projectForce(SigmaTilde); // Ta
       
   }
+
+  //====================================================================
+  // Force on the thin links from an action that depends on every level of the chain.
+  // LevelForce[n], n = 0..smearingLevels, is the force on level n in the same
+  // "U times dS/dU" form smeared_force takes (zero fields allowed). The chain rule is
+  // applied from the top level down, adding each level's own force on the way:
+  //   Sigma_L = U_L^dag F_L
+  //   Sigma_n = AnalyticSmearedForce(Sigma_{n+1}, U_n) + U_n^dag F_n
+  //   ThinForce = Ta( U_0 Sigma_0 )
+  // With force on the top level only this is smeared_force.
+  // SmearedConfigurationMasked would need its own: its chain rule is level dependent.
+  virtual void smeared_force_levels(const std::vector<GaugeField> &LevelForce, GaugeField &ThinForce)
+  {
+    GRID_ASSERT(LevelForce.size() == smearingLevels+1);
+
+    GridBase *grid = LevelForce[0].Grid();
+    GaugeField Sigma(grid);
+    GaugeLinkField tmp_mu(grid);
+
+    // Sigma = U_L^dag F_L
+    for (int mu = 0; mu < Nd; mu++) {
+      tmp_mu = adj(peekLorentz(get_level(smearingLevels), mu)) * peekLorentz(LevelForce[smearingLevels], mu);
+      pokeLorentz(Sigma, tmp_mu, mu);
+    }
+
+    for (int n = (int)smearingLevels - 1; n >= 0; n--) {
+      Sigma = AnalyticSmearedForce(Sigma, get_level(n));
+      for (int mu = 0; mu < Nd; mu++) {
+        tmp_mu = peekLorentz(Sigma, mu) + adj(peekLorentz(get_level(n), mu)) * peekLorentz(LevelForce[n], mu);
+        pokeLorentz(Sigma, tmp_mu, mu);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (int mu = 0; mu < Nd; mu++) {
+      tmp_mu = peekLorentz(*ThinLinks, mu) * peekLorentz(Sigma, mu);
+      pokeLorentz(ThinForce, tmp_mu, mu);
+    }
+    ThinForce = Gimpl::projectForce(ThinForce); // Ta
+  }
   //====================================================================
 
   virtual GaugeField& get_SmearedU() { return SmearedSet[smearingLevels - 1]; }

Grid/util/Init.cc

@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 static Coordinate Grid_default_latt;
 static Coordinate Grid_default_mpi;
+static Coordinate Grid_default_batched_solver_split;
+static bool       Grid_default_batched_solver_split_node = false;
 
 int GridThread::_threads =1;
 int GridThread::_hyperthreads=1;
@@ -108,6 +110,8 @@ char *GridHostname(void)
 }
 const Coordinate &GridDefaultLatt(void)     {return Grid_default_latt;};
 const Coordinate &GridDefaultMpi(void)      {return Grid_default_mpi;};
+const Coordinate &GridDefaultBatchedSolverSplit(void)     {return Grid_default_batched_solver_split;};
+bool              GridDefaultBatchedSolverSplitNode(void) {return Grid_default_batched_solver_split_node;};
 const Coordinate GridDefaultSimd(int dims,int nsimd)
 {
   Coordinate layout(dims);
@@ -562,6 +566,7 @@ void Grid_init(int *argc,char ***argv)
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"Performance:"<<std::endl;
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<std::endl;
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"  --comms-overlap    : Overlap comms with compute "<<std::endl;    
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"  --batched-solver-split a.b.c.d|node : batched solvers run independent solves on partitions of this MPI layout (node = one per node)"<<std::endl;
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<std::endl;
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"  --dslash-generic: Wilson kernel for generic Nc"<<std::endl;    
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"  --dslash-unroll : Wilson kernel for Nc=3"<<std::endl;    
@@ -613,6 +618,16 @@ void Grid_init(int *argc,char ***argv)
 		  Grid_default_latt,
 		  Grid_default_mpi);
 
+  if( GridCmdOptionExists(*argv,*argv+*argc,"--batched-solver-split") ){
+    std::string arg = GridCmdOptionPayload(*argv,*argv+*argc,"--batched-solver-split");
+    if ( arg == "node" ) {
+      Grid_default_batched_solver_split_node = true;
+    } else {
+      GridCmdOptionIntVector(arg,Grid_default_batched_solver_split);
+      GRID_ASSERT(Grid_default_batched_solver_split.size() == Grid_default_mpi.size());
+    }
+  }
+
   if( GridCmdOptionExists(*argv,*argv+*argc,"--decomposition") ){
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"Grid Default Decomposition patterns\n";
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"\tOpenMP threads : "<<GridThread::GetThreads()<<std::endl;

Grid/util/Init.h

@@ -49,6 +49,11 @@ void Grid_unquiesce_nodes(void);
 const Coordinate  GridDefaultSimd(int dims,int nsimd);
 const Coordinate &GridDefaultLatt(void);
 const Coordinate &GridDefaultMpi(void);
+// --batched-solver-split a.b.c.d : MPI layout of each partition for batched solves.
+// --batched-solver-split node    : one partition per node.
+// Not given: empty Coordinate and false, meaning no split.
+const Coordinate &GridDefaultBatchedSolverSplit(void);
+bool              GridDefaultBatchedSolverSplitNode(void);
 const int        &GridThreads(void)  ;
 void              GridSetThreads(int t) ;
 void GridLogTimestamp(int);

systems/Frontier/split_batched_mobius.job

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#!/bin/bash -l
+#SBATCH --job-name=split-batched-mobius
+#SBATCH --nodes=4
+#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=8
+#SBATCH --cpus-per-task=7
+#SBATCH --gpus-per-node=8
+#SBATCH --time=1:30:00
+#SBATCH --account=phy157_dwf
+#SBATCH --gpu-bind=none
+#SBATCH --exclusive
+#SBATCH --mem=0
+#SBATCH -S 0
+##SBATCH -q debug
+
+##############################################################################
+# MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched with split inner solves, at production
+# size: Mobius 64^3x128, Ls=12, mass 0.026, b=1.5 c=0.5 M5=1.8, antiperiodic
+# in time, Hadrons default SchurDiagMooeeOperator.
+#
+# 4 nodes = 32 GCDs, --mpi 2.2.2.4 (local 32^4).  --batched-solver-split node
+# makes each node one partition (P=4), so Nbatch=4 is one round with no
+# zero padding.  The driver solves the same batch twice from zero guesses:
+#   UNSPLIT  inner CG on all 32 GCDs, one rhs after another (existing path)
+#   SPLIT    four independent inner CGs, one per node
+# and prints per-rhs iterations, true residuals and wall clock for each.
+#
+# Build (in the Frontier build tree, after ./scripts/filelist in the source
+# root so the new test is in tests/solver/Make.inc):
+#   make -C tests/solver Test_split_mobius_batched
+#
+# Memory, per GCD (evictable Lattice fields, so bounded by --device-mem):
+#   double RB 5d field 1.21 GB, float 0.60 GB
+#   driver src+sol 9.7, solver batch copies 9.7, split partition fields and
+#   inner CG on the 4x larger split local volume ~20, gauge copies ~5
+#   => ~45 GB, hence --device-mem 40000 as in pvdagm_mixed_precision.job.
+# Host memory: the device is an inclusive cache, so host RSS per rank is the whole
+# ~45 GB working set (plus transient Grid_split staging): ~400 GB of a node's 512 GB.
+# The driver prints MEMORY lines (host RSS, peak, allocator caches) at each phase.
+# Grid_split stages 2 x 4.8 GB per rank on the host per transfer.
+##############################################################################
+
+LUSTRE=/lustre/orion/phy157/proj-shared/phy157_dwf/paboyle
+RUNDIR=$LUSTRE/runs/${SLURM_JOB_NAME}_${SLURM_JOB_ID}
+mkdir -p $RUNDIR && cd $RUNDIR && echo "RUNDIR $RUNDIR"
+
+cat << EOF > select_gpu
+#!/bin/bash
+export GPU_MAP=(0 1 2 3 7 6 5 4)
+export NUMA_MAP=(3 3 1 1 2 2 0 0)
+export GPU=\${GPU_MAP[\$SLURM_LOCALID]}
+export NUMA=\${NUMA_MAP[\$SLURM_LOCALID]}
+export HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES=\$GPU
+unset ROCR_VISIBLE_DEVICES
+if [ \$SLURM_PROCID = "0" ]; then echo \$*; fi
+exec numactl -m \$NUMA -N \$NUMA \$*
+EOF
+chmod +x ./select_gpu
+
+# Source tree and build of THIS branch (feature/splitGridCGBatch) on Frontier
+root=$LUSTRE/SplitCG/Grid/systems/Frontier
+source $root/sourceme-rocm7.2.sh
+
+export OMP_NUM_THREADS=7
+ulimit -c 0                             # no 22 GB GPU core dumps
+export FI_MR_CACHE_MONITOR=kdreg2       # site default; device-buffer MPI on Slingshot
+export MPICH_GPU_SUPPORT_ENABLED=1
+export MPICH_SMP_SINGLE_COPY_MODE=CMA
+export MPICH_OFI_NIC_POLICY=GPU
+# No GRID_ALLOC_NCACHE_LARGE here. With --enable-unified=no every Lattice lives in host
+# memory (the device is an inclusive cache), so a deep large-allocation cache keeps freed
+# host blocks on top of the full working set: measured on the laptop at 64 entries it
+# held about as much again as the working set, enough to OOM a 4-node run of this job.
+module load libfabric
+
+BIN=$root/tests/solver/Test_split_mobius_batched
+OPTS="--accelerator-threads 8 --shm 4096 --shm-mpi 1 --device-mem 40000 --comms-overlap"
+vol=64.64.64.128
+MPI_GEOM=2.2.2.4
+
+# A thermalised 64^3x128 NERSC configuration.  Leave empty for a hot start:
+# fine for plumbing, but mass 0.026 on a hot field is not a physical
+# iteration count and may run long.
+CONFIG=
+
+PHYS="--Ls 12 --mass 0.026 --M5 1.8 --b 1.5 --c 0.5 --nbatch 4 --tol 1e-8"
+if [ -n "$CONFIG" ]; then PHYS="$PHYS --config $CONFIG"; fi
+
+export GRID_STDOUT_ROOT=$RUNDIR/split
+srun -N4 -n32 --kill-on-bad-exit=1 ./select_gpu $BIN --mpi $MPI_GEOM --grid $vol $OPTS \
+     $PHYS --batched-solver-split node \
+     --debug-stdout --log Error,Warning,Message,Performance \
+     > log.split 2>&1
+echo "exit $?"
+
+##############################################################################
+# Readout.  Device OOM appears only on stderr as "hipMalloc failed".
+##############################################################################
+f=$(grep -l "Memory access fault\|NO_TRANSLATION\|hipMalloc failed\|out of memory\|illegal memory access\|GRID_ASSERT" $GRID_STDOUT_ROOT/*/Grid.stderr.* 2>/dev/null | head -1)
+if [ -n "$f" ]; then
+  echo "FAULT in $f"; tail -20 $f | cut -c1-160
+fi
+grep -h "MEMORY\|BatchedSolverSplit\|Inner CG iterations\|Total time\|true residual\|SUMMARY" \
+     $GRID_STDOUT_ROOT/0/Grid.stdout.0 2>/dev/null | cut -c1-200
+
+##############################################################################
+# What to read.
+#
+# BatchedSolverSplit line: the partition layout must equal the node layout
+# (ShmGrid), e.g. [1 2 2 2] of [2 2 2 4] : 4 partitions.  A "straddle node
+# boundaries" warning means the rank reordering did not give node-aligned
+# blocks; the result is still correct but the inner CG talks off node.
+#
+# UNSPLIT vs SPLIT: per-rhs inner iterations should agree closely (the same
+# solves, different reduction order); the SUMMARY lines give the wall clock.
+# The gain is the strong-scaling loss of the 32-GCD inner CG against four
+# 8-GCD CGs with node-local halos.  "Split setup and transfer" in the Total
+# time line prices the clone (grids, gauge split) and the Grid_split /
+# Grid_unsplit traffic, which is host-staged.
+##############################################################################

tests/forces/ForceTest.h

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid
+
+    Source file: ./tests/forces/ForceTest.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2022
+
+Author: Peter Boyle <pboyle@bnl.gov>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+    *************************************************************************************/
+    /*  END LEGAL */
+#pragma once
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Finite-difference check of an action's force: refresh, S1 = S(U), step the links by eps
+// along a random momentum P, take the force at the midpoint, step again, S2 = S(U'').
+// The force predicts S2 - S1 to O(eps^3).
+//
+// Runs on a copy of U, so the caller's field is unchanged. Returns S2 - S1 - dSpred for
+// the caller to assert on; halving eps should reduce it by about 8.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<class Gimpl>
+RealD ForceTest(Action<LatticeGaugeField> &action,LatticeGaugeField & Uin,MomentumFilterBase<LatticeGaugeField> &Filter,RealD eps=0.005)
+{
+  GridBase *UGrid = Uin.Grid();
+
+  std::vector<int> seeds({1,2,3,5});
+  GridSerialRNG            sRNG;         sRNG.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds);
+  GridParallelRNG          RNG4(UGrid);  RNG4.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds);
+
+  LatticeColourMatrix Pmu(UGrid);
+  LatticeGaugeField P(UGrid);
+  LatticeGaugeField UdSdU(UGrid);
+  LatticeGaugeField U(UGrid);
+  U = Uin;
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Force test for "<<action.action_name()<<" eps "<<eps<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Refresh "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
+
+  Gimpl::generate_momenta(P,sRNG,RNG4);
+  Filter.applyFilter(P);
+
+  action.refresh(U,sRNG,RNG4);
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Action "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
+
+  RealD S1 = action.S(U);
+
+  Gimpl::update_field(P,U,eps);
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Derivative "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
+  action.deriv(U,UdSdU);
+  UdSdU = Ta(UdSdU);
+  Filter.applyFilter(UdSdU);
+
+  DumpSliceNorm("Force",UdSdU,Nd-1);
+
+  Gimpl::update_field(P,U,eps);
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Action "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
+
+  RealD S2 = action.S(U);
+
+  // Use the derivative
+  LatticeComplex dS(UGrid); dS = Zero();
+  for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
+    auto UdSdUmu = PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(UdSdU,mu);
+    Pmu= PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(P,mu);
+    dS = dS - trace(Pmu*UdSdUmu)*eps*2.0*2.0;
+  }
+  ComplexD dSpred    = sum(dS);
+  RealD diff =  S2-S1-dSpred.real();
+
+  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
+  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "S1 : "<< S1    <<std::endl;
+  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "S2 : "<< S2    <<std::endl;
+  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "dS : "<< S2-S1 <<std::endl;
+  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "dSpred : "<< dSpred.real() <<std::endl;
+  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "diff : "<< diff<<std::endl;
+  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
+  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "Done" <<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
+  return diff;
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ForceTest at eps0, eps0/2, ... (neps values). A correct force leaves an O(eps^3)
+// discrepancy, so successive ratios approach 8 as eps shrinks; an error in the force adds
+// an O(eps) part and drives them towards 2. A strongly curved action needs a smaller eps0
+// before the ratios settle. Returns the ratio for the smallest pair.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<class Gimpl>
+RealD ForceTestScaling(Action<LatticeGaugeField> &action,LatticeGaugeField &U,MomentumFilterBase<LatticeGaugeField> &Filter,const std::string &name,
+                       RealD eps0=0.01,int neps=4)
+{
+  std::vector<RealD> eps(neps);
+  std::vector<RealD> d(neps);
+  for(int i=0;i<neps;i++){
+    eps[i] = eps0/(1<<i);
+    d[i]   = ForceTest<Gimpl>(action,U,Filter,eps[i]);
+  }
+  for(int i=0;i<neps;i++){
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << name << ": eps " << eps[i] << " discrepancy " << d[i];
+    if ( i > 0 ) {
+      std::cout << "  ratio to previous " << d[i-1]/d[i];
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+  }
+  RealD scale = d[neps-2]/d[neps-1];
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << name << ": smallest-eps ratio " << scale << " (expect ~8)" << std::endl;
+  return scale;
+}

tests/forces/Test_bdy.cc

@@ -99,91 +99,12 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <pboyle@bnl.gov>
 using namespace std;
 using namespace Grid;
 
+#include "ForceTest.h"
+
 typedef MobiusFermionD FermionAction;
 typedef WilsonImplD FimplD;
 typedef WilsonImplD FermionImplPolicy;
 
-template<class Gimpl>
-void ForceTest(Action<LatticeGaugeField> &action,LatticeGaugeField & U,MomentumFilterBase<LatticeGaugeField> &Filter)
-{
-  GridBase *UGrid = U.Grid();
-
-  std::vector<int> seeds({1,2,3,5});
-  GridSerialRNG            sRNG;         sRNG.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds);
-  GridParallelRNG          RNG4(UGrid);  RNG4.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds);
-
-  LatticeColourMatrix Pmu(UGrid); 
-  LatticeGaugeField P(UGrid); 
-  LatticeGaugeField UdSdU(UGrid); 
-
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Force test for "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-  
-  RealD eps=0.005;
-
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Refresh "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  
-  Gimpl::generate_momenta(P,sRNG,RNG4);
-  Filter.applyFilter(P);
-
-#if  0
-  FieldMetaData header;
-  std::string file("./ckpoint_lat.2000");
-  NerscIO::readConfiguration(U,header,file);
-#else
-  U = 1.0;
-#endif
-  action.refresh(U,sRNG,RNG4);
-
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Action "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-
-  RealD S1 = action.S(U);
-
-  Gimpl::update_field(P,U,eps);
-
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Derivative "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  action.deriv(U,UdSdU);
-  UdSdU = Ta(UdSdU);
-  Filter.applyFilter(UdSdU);
-
-  DumpSliceNorm("Force",UdSdU,Nd-1);
-  
-  Gimpl::update_field(P,U,eps);
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Action "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  
-  RealD S2 = action.S(U);
-
-  // Use the derivative
-  LatticeComplex dS(UGrid); dS = Zero();
-  for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
-    auto UdSdUmu = PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(UdSdU,mu);
-    Pmu= PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(P,mu);
-    dS = dS - trace(Pmu*UdSdUmu)*eps*2.0*2.0;
-  }
-  ComplexD dSpred    = sum(dS);
-  RealD diff =  S2-S1-dSpred.real();
-
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "S1 : "<< S1    <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "S2 : "<< S2    <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "dS : "<< S2-S1 <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "dSpred : "<< dSpred.real() <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "diff : "<< diff<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-  //  GRID_ASSERT(diff<1.0);
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "Done" <<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-}
-
 int main (int argc, char ** argv)
 {
   Grid_init(&argc,&argv);
@@ -230,6 +151,7 @@ int main (int argc, char ** argv)
 
   ///////////////////// Gauge Field and Gauge Forces ////////////////////////////
   LatticeGaugeField U(UGrid);
+  U = 1.0;
 
   RealD beta=6.0;
   WilsonGaugeActionR PlaqAction(beta);

tests/forces/Test_double_ratio.cc

@@ -303,83 +303,7 @@ typedef MobiusFermionD FermionAction;
 typedef WilsonImplD FimplD;
 typedef WilsonImplD FermionImplPolicy;
 
-template<class Gimpl>
-void ForceTest(Action<LatticeGaugeField> &action,LatticeGaugeField & U,MomentumFilterBase<LatticeGaugeField> &Filter)
-{
-  GridBase *UGrid = U.Grid();
-
-  std::vector<int> seeds({1,2,3,5});
-  GridSerialRNG            sRNG;         sRNG.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds);
-  GridParallelRNG          RNG4(UGrid);  RNG4.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds);
-
-  LatticeColourMatrix Pmu(UGrid); 
-  LatticeGaugeField P(UGrid); 
-  LatticeGaugeField UdSdU(UGrid); 
-
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Force test for "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-  
-  RealD eps=0.005;
-
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Refresh "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  
-  Gimpl::generate_momenta(P,sRNG,RNG4);
-  Filter.applyFilter(P);
-
-  FieldMetaData header;
-  std::string file("./ckpoint_lat.2000");
-  NerscIO::readConfiguration(U,header,file);
- 
-  action.refresh(U,sRNG,RNG4);
-
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Action "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-
-  RealD S1 = action.S(U);
-
-  Gimpl::update_field(P,U,eps);
-
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Derivative "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  action.deriv(U,UdSdU);
-  UdSdU = Ta(UdSdU);
-  Filter.applyFilter(UdSdU);
-
-  DumpSliceNorm("Force",UdSdU,Nd-1);
-  
-  Gimpl::update_field(P,U,eps);
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Action "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  
-  RealD S2 = action.S(U);
-
-  // Use the derivative
-  LatticeComplex dS(UGrid); dS = Zero();
-  for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
-    auto UdSdUmu = PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(UdSdU,mu);
-    Pmu= PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(P,mu);
-    dS = dS - trace(Pmu*UdSdUmu)*eps*2.0*2.0;
-  }
-  ComplexD dSpred    = sum(dS);
-  RealD diff =  S2-S1-dSpred.real();
-
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "S1 : "<< S1    <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "S2 : "<< S2    <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "dS : "<< S2-S1 <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "dSpred : "<< dSpred.real() <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "diff : "<< diff<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-  //  GRID_ASSERT(diff<1.0);
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "Done" <<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-}
+#include "ForceTest.h"
 
 int main (int argc, char ** argv)
 {
@@ -427,6 +351,9 @@ int main (int argc, char ** argv)
 
   ///////////////////// Gauge Field and Gauge Forces ////////////////////////////
   LatticeGaugeField U(UGrid);
+  FieldMetaData header;
+  std::string file("./ckpoint_lat.2000");
+  NerscIO::readConfiguration(U,header,file);
 
   RealD beta=6.0;
   WilsonGaugeActionR PlaqAction(beta);

tests/forces/Test_dwf_ratio_4dpf_force.cc

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <pboyle@bnl.gov>
 //     composition identity [P M^-1 V Pdag][P V^-1 M Pdag] = 1 for the chosen
 //     (P,Pdag) wall pair.  NO PREDICTION is made about which convention
 //     passes -- that is what the test decides.
-//  T2 ForceTest (idiom from Test_double_ratio.cc) : midpoint-derivative
+//  T2 ForceTest (tests/forces/ForceTest.h) : midpoint-derivative
 //     check of deriv against S.  Should PASS for BOTH conventions (S and
 //     deriv use the same literal-adjoint pair by construction).
 //  T3 Trivial-ratio control (V == M) : T1 with NumOp = DenOp.  The solve
@@ -124,69 +124,7 @@ RealD HeatbathIdentityTest(TwoFlavourRatio4DPseudoFermionAction<Impl> &action,
   return defect;
 }
 
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// T2 : ForceTest idiom from Test_double_ratio.cc (midpoint derivative)
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-template<class Gimpl>
-void ForceTest(Action<LatticeGaugeField> &action,LatticeGaugeField & U,MomentumFilterBase<LatticeGaugeField> &Filter)
-{
-  GridBase *UGrid = U.Grid();
-
-  std::vector<int> seeds({1,2,3,5});
-  GridSerialRNG            sRNG;         sRNG.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds);
-  GridParallelRNG          RNG4(UGrid);  RNG4.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds);
-
-  LatticeColourMatrix Pmu(UGrid);
-  LatticeGaugeField P(UGrid);
-  LatticeGaugeField UdSdU(UGrid);
-
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Force test for "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-
-  RealD eps=0.005;
-
-  Gimpl::generate_momenta(P,sRNG,RNG4);
-  Filter.applyFilter(P);
-
-  action.refresh(U,sRNG,RNG4);
-
-  RealD S1 = action.S(U);
-
-  Gimpl::update_field(P,U,eps);
-
-  action.deriv(U,UdSdU);
-  UdSdU = Ta(UdSdU);
-  Filter.applyFilter(UdSdU);
-
-  DumpSliceNorm("Force",UdSdU,Nd-1);
-
-  Gimpl::update_field(P,U,eps);
-
-  RealD S2 = action.S(U);
-
-  // Use the derivative
-  LatticeComplex dS(UGrid); dS = Zero();
-  for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
-    auto UdSdUmu = PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(UdSdU,mu);
-    Pmu= PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(P,mu);
-    dS = dS - trace(Pmu*UdSdUmu)*eps*2.0*2.0;
-  }
-  ComplexD dSpred    = sum(dS);
-  RealD diff =  S2-S1-dSpred.real();
-
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "S1 : "<< S1    <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "S2 : "<< S2    <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "dS : "<< S2-S1 <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "dSpred : "<< dSpred.real() <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "diff : "<< diff<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "diff/dS : "<< diff/(S2-S1)<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-  //  GRID_ASSERT(diff<1.0);
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "Done" <<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-}
+#include "ForceTest.h"
 
 int main (int argc, char ** argv)
 {

tests/forces/Test_dwf_ratio_leftprec.cc

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <pboyle@bnl.gov>
 //             BOTH classes (E0a also validates the twin-eta capture).
 //   E1      : S_classic == S_leftprec       (relative, ~1e-8)
 //   E2      : deriv_classic == deriv_leftprec (pointwise field norm, ~1e-8)
-//   F1      : ForceTest (Test_double_ratio.cc idiom) on the LeftPrec class.
+//   F1      : ForceTest (tests/forces/ForceTest.h) on the LeftPrec class.
 //
 // All asserts are hard: this is the regression gate for the new class.
 // Run small, e.g.:  ./Test_dwf_ratio_leftprec --grid 8.8.8.8
@@ -138,67 +138,7 @@ public:
   }
 };
 
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// ForceTest idiom from Test_double_ratio.cc (midpoint derivative)
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-template<class Gimpl>
-void ForceTest(Action<LatticeGaugeField> &action,LatticeGaugeField & U,MomentumFilterBase<LatticeGaugeField> &Filter)
-{
-  GridBase *UGrid = U.Grid();
-
-  std::vector<int> seeds({1,2,3,5});
-  GridSerialRNG            sRNG;         sRNG.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds);
-  GridParallelRNG          RNG4(UGrid);  RNG4.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds);
-
-  LatticeColourMatrix Pmu(UGrid);
-  LatticeGaugeField P(UGrid);
-  LatticeGaugeField UdSdU(UGrid);
-
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Force test for "<<action.action_name()<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-
-  RealD eps=0.005;
-
-  Gimpl::generate_momenta(P,sRNG,RNG4);
-  Filter.applyFilter(P);
-
-  action.refresh(U,sRNG,RNG4);
-
-  RealD S1 = action.S(U);
-
-  Gimpl::update_field(P,U,eps);
-
-  action.deriv(U,UdSdU);
-  UdSdU = Ta(UdSdU);
-  Filter.applyFilter(UdSdU);
-
-  DumpSliceNorm("Force",UdSdU,Nd-1);
-
-  Gimpl::update_field(P,U,eps);
-
-  RealD S2 = action.S(U);
-
-  LatticeComplex dS(UGrid); dS = Zero();
-  for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
-    auto UdSdUmu = PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(UdSdU,mu);
-    Pmu= PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(P,mu);
-    dS = dS - trace(Pmu*UdSdUmu)*eps*2.0*2.0;
-  }
-  ComplexD dSpred    = sum(dS);
-  RealD diff =  S2-S1-dSpred.real();
-
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "S1 : "<< S1    <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "S2 : "<< S2    <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "dS : "<< S2-S1 <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "dSpred : "<< dSpred.real() <<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "diff : "<< diff<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "diff/dS : "<< diff/(S2-S1)<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-  std::cout<< GridLogMessage << "Done" <<std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "*********************************************************"<<std::endl;
-}
+#include "ForceTest.h"
 
 int main (int argc, char ** argv)
 {

tests/solver/Test_split_mixedprec_batched.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid
+
+    Source file: ./tests/solver/Test_split_mixedprec_batched.cc
+
+    Copyright (C) 2026
+
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched with inner solves on split-communicator
+// partitions (--batched-solver-split), against the same solver unsplit.
+//
+//   mpirun -n 2 ./Test_split_mixedprec_batched --grid 8.8.8.8 --mpi 1.1.1.2 --batched-solver-split 1.1.1.1
+//
+// With no --batched-solver-split the partitions are single ranks (1.1.1.1).
+// NBATCH is deliberately not a multiple of the partition count, so the last group is
+// zero-padded.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#include <Grid/Grid.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace Grid;
+
+const int   NBATCH    = 3;
+const RealD TOLERANCE = 1.0e-8;
+
+template<class Field>
+RealD RelativeDifference(const Field &a,const Field &b)
+{
+  Field diff(a.Grid());
+  diff = a - b;
+  return std::sqrt(norm2(diff)/norm2(b));
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// The solver assumes vector p of a group lands in the partition whose
+// GridSplitVectorIndex is p: fill vector p with the constant p+1, split, and check
+// every partition sees its own index.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+void CheckPartitionOrder(GridCartesian *UGrid,const Coordinate &layout)
+{
+  GridCartesian SGrid(UGrid->FullDimensions(),UGrid->_simd_layout,layout,*UGrid);
+  int P     = UGrid->ProcessorCount()/SGrid.ProcessorCount();
+  int index = GridSplitVectorIndex(UGrid,&SGrid);
+
+  std::vector<LatticeComplexF> full(P,UGrid);
+  for(int p=0;p<P;p++){
+    full[p] = ComplexF(p+1,0.0);
+  }
+  LatticeComplexF split(&SGrid);
+  Grid_split(full,split);
+
+  LatticeComplexF expect(&SGrid);
+  expect = ComplexF(index+1,0.0);
+  RealD err = norm2(split - expect);
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Partition order: vector index " << index << " error " << err << std::endl;
+  GRID_ASSERT(err == 0.0);
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// For one pair of double/float linear operators:
+//  (1) red-black-aware split/unsplit round trip is exact;
+//  (2) the split clone's HermOp agrees with the full-grid HermOp;
+//  (3) the batched solver with split inner solves agrees with the unsplit solver;
+//  (4) the split solution has true residual at the requested tolerance.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<class FieldD,class FieldF>
+void CheckSplitBatched(const std::string &name,
+                       LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &Linop_d,
+                       LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> &Linop_f,
+                       GridBase *grid_f,
+                       std::vector<FieldD> &src,
+                       const Coordinate &layout)
+{
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "==================================================" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << name << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "==================================================" << std::endl;
+
+  int cb = src[0].Checkerboard();
+
+  SplitOperator<FieldF> *split = Linop_f.SplitClone(layout);
+  GRID_ASSERT(split != nullptr);
+  int P = split->Partitions;
+
+  std::vector<FieldF> full(P,grid_f);
+  std::vector<FieldF> back(P,grid_f);
+  std::vector<FieldF> Mfull(P,grid_f);
+  for(int p=0;p<P;p++){
+    full[p].Checkerboard()  = cb;
+    back[p].Checkerboard()  = cb;
+    Mfull[p].Checkerboard() = cb;
+    precisionChange(full[p],src[p%src.size()]);
+  }
+
+  // (1) round trip
+  FieldF s_in(split->FieldGrid);
+  FieldF s_out(split->FieldGrid);
+  Grid_split(full,s_in);
+  Grid_unsplit(back,s_in);
+  for(int p=0;p<P;p++){
+    RealD err = norm2(back[p] - full[p]);
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << name << ": split/unsplit round trip " << p << " error " << err << std::endl;
+    GRID_ASSERT(err == 0.0);
+  }
+
+  // (2) operator
+  split->Linop->HermOp(s_in,s_out);
+  Grid_unsplit(back,s_out);
+  for(int p=0;p<P;p++){
+    Linop_f.HermOp(full[p],Mfull[p]);
+    RealD err = RelativeDifference(back[p],Mfull[p]);
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << name << ": split HermOp vs full HermOp " << p << " relative difference " << err << std::endl;
+    GRID_ASSERT(err < 1.0e-6);
+  }
+  delete split;
+
+  // (3) solver, unsplit then split
+  int NBatch = src.size();
+  std::vector<FieldD> sol_ref(NBatch,src[0].Grid());
+  std::vector<FieldD> sol_split(NBatch,src[0].Grid());
+  for(int i=0;i<NBatch;i++){
+    sol_ref[i].Checkerboard()   = cb;
+    sol_split[i].Checkerboard() = cb;
+    sol_ref[i]   = Zero();
+    sol_split[i] = Zero();
+  }
+
+  MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched<FieldD,FieldF> mCG(TOLERANCE,10000,50,1000,grid_f,Linop_f,Linop_d);
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << name << ": unsplit batched solve" << std::endl;
+  mCG.BatchedSplit     = Coordinate();
+  mCG.BatchedSplitNode = false;
+  mCG(src,sol_ref);
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << name << ": split batched solve, partition layout " << layout << std::endl;
+  mCG.BatchedSplit = layout;
+  mCG(src,sol_split);
+
+  FieldD Msol(src[0].Grid());
+  Msol.Checkerboard() = cb;
+  for(int i=0;i<NBatch;i++){
+    RealD diff = RelativeDifference(sol_split[i],sol_ref[i]);
+    Linop_d.HermOp(sol_split[i],Msol);
+    RealD resid = RelativeDifference(Msol,src[i]);
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << name << ": rhs " << i
+              << " split vs unsplit " << diff
+              << " true residual " << resid << std::endl;
+    GRID_ASSERT(diff  < 1.0e-6);
+    GRID_ASSERT(resid < 10.0*TOLERANCE);
+  }
+}
+
+int main (int argc, char ** argv)
+{
+  Grid_init(&argc,&argv);
+
+  const int Ls = 8;
+
+  Coordinate layout = GridDefaultBatchedSolverSplit();
+  if ( layout.size() == 0 ) {
+    layout = Coordinate(Nd,1);
+  }
+
+  GridCartesian         *UGrid_d   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimGrid(GridDefaultLatt(), GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexD::Nsimd()), GridDefaultMpi());
+  GridRedBlackCartesian *UrbGrid_d = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimRedBlackGrid(UGrid_d);
+  GridCartesian         *FGrid_d   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimGrid(Ls,UGrid_d);
+  GridRedBlackCartesian *FrbGrid_d = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimRedBlackGrid(Ls,UGrid_d);
+
+  GridCartesian         *UGrid_f   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimGrid(GridDefaultLatt(), GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexF::Nsimd()), GridDefaultMpi());
+  GridRedBlackCartesian *UrbGrid_f = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimRedBlackGrid(UGrid_f);
+  GridCartesian         *FGrid_f   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimGrid(Ls,UGrid_f);
+  GridRedBlackCartesian *FrbGrid_f = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimRedBlackGrid(Ls,UGrid_f);
+
+  CheckPartitionOrder(UGrid_f,layout);
+
+  std::vector<int> seeds4({1,2,3,4});
+  std::vector<int> seeds5({5,6,7,8});
+  GridParallelRNG RNG4(UGrid_d);
+  GridParallelRNG RNG5(FGrid_d);
+  RNG4.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds4);
+  RNG5.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds5);
+
+  LatticeGaugeFieldD Umu_d(UGrid_d);
+  LatticeGaugeFieldF Umu_f(UGrid_f);
+  SU<Nc>::HotConfiguration(RNG4,Umu_d);
+  precisionChange(Umu_f,Umu_d);
+
+  // Antiperiodic in time for some actions, so boundary phases must travel with the links
+  WilsonImplParams antiperiodic;
+  antiperiodic.boundary_phases[Nd-1] = -1.0;
+
+  // Sources: odd checkerboard (Schur) and full lattice (MdagM), 4d and 5d
+  std::vector<LatticeFermionD> src4_o(NBATCH,UrbGrid_d);
+  std::vector<LatticeFermionD> src5_o(NBATCH,FrbGrid_d);
+  std::vector<LatticeFermionD> src5(NBATCH,FGrid_d);
+  LatticeFermionD tmp4(UGrid_d);
+  LatticeFermionD tmp5(FGrid_d);
+  for(int i=0;i<NBATCH;i++){
+    random(RNG4,tmp4);
+    random(RNG5,tmp5);
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd,src4_o[i],tmp4);
+    pickCheckerboard(Odd,src5_o[i],tmp5);
+    src5[i] = tmp5;
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Wilson
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  {
+    RealD mass = 0.1;
+    WilsonFermionD Dd(Umu_d,*UGrid_d,*UrbGrid_d,mass);
+    WilsonFermionF Df(Umu_f,*UGrid_f,*UrbGrid_f,mass);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<WilsonFermionD,LatticeFermionD> Ld(Dd);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<WilsonFermionF,LatticeFermionF> Lf(Df);
+    CheckSplitBatched("Wilson SchurDiagMooee",Ld,Lf,UrbGrid_f,src4_o,layout);
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Wilson clover
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  {
+    RealD mass  = 0.1;
+    RealD csw_r = 1.0;
+    RealD csw_t = 1.0;
+    WilsonCloverFermionD Dd(Umu_d,*UGrid_d,*UrbGrid_d,mass,csw_r,csw_t);
+    WilsonCloverFermionF Df(Umu_f,*UGrid_f,*UrbGrid_f,mass,csw_r,csw_t);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<WilsonCloverFermionD,LatticeFermionD> Ld(Dd);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<WilsonCloverFermionF,LatticeFermionF> Lf(Df);
+    CheckSplitBatched("WilsonClover SchurDiagMooee",Ld,Lf,UrbGrid_f,src4_o,layout);
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Compact Wilson clover, antiperiodic
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  {
+    RealD mass  = 0.1;
+    RealD csw_r = 1.0;
+    RealD csw_t = 1.0;
+    RealD cF    = 1.0;
+    WilsonAnisotropyCoefficients anis;
+    CompactWilsonCloverFermionD Dd(Umu_d,*UGrid_d,*UrbGrid_d,mass,csw_r,csw_t,cF,anis,antiperiodic);
+    CompactWilsonCloverFermionF Df(Umu_f,*UGrid_f,*UrbGrid_f,mass,csw_r,csw_t,cF,anis,antiperiodic);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<CompactWilsonCloverFermionD,LatticeFermionD> Ld(Dd);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<CompactWilsonCloverFermionF,LatticeFermionF> Lf(Df);
+    CheckSplitBatched("CompactWilsonClover SchurDiagMooee antiperiodic",Ld,Lf,UrbGrid_f,src4_o,layout);
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Domain wall
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  {
+    RealD mass = 0.1;
+    RealD M5   = 1.8;
+    DomainWallFermionD Dd(Umu_d,*FGrid_d,*FrbGrid_d,*UGrid_d,*UrbGrid_d,mass,M5);
+    DomainWallFermionF Df(Umu_f,*FGrid_f,*FrbGrid_f,*UGrid_f,*UrbGrid_f,mass,M5);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<DomainWallFermionD,LatticeFermionD> Ld(Dd);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<DomainWallFermionF,LatticeFermionF> Lf(Df);
+    CheckSplitBatched("DomainWall SchurDiagMooee",Ld,Lf,FrbGrid_f,src5_o,layout);
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Mobius, antiperiodic, with unequal
+  // masses; all wrapper kinds
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  {
+    RealD mass = 0.1;
+    RealD M5   = 1.8;
+    RealD b    = 1.5;
+    RealD c    = 0.5;
+    MobiusFermionD Dd(Umu_d,*FGrid_d,*FrbGrid_d,*UGrid_d,*UrbGrid_d,mass,M5,b,c,antiperiodic);
+    MobiusFermionF Df(Umu_f,*FGrid_f,*FrbGrid_f,*UGrid_f,*UrbGrid_f,mass,M5,b,c,antiperiodic);
+    Dd.SetMass(0.1,0.12);
+    Df.SetMass(0.1,0.12);
+    {
+      SchurDiagMooeeOperator<MobiusFermionD,LatticeFermionD> Ld(Dd);
+      SchurDiagMooeeOperator<MobiusFermionF,LatticeFermionF> Lf(Df);
+      CheckSplitBatched("Mobius SchurDiagMooee antiperiodic",Ld,Lf,FrbGrid_f,src5_o,layout);
+    }
+    {
+      SchurDiagOneOperator<MobiusFermionD,LatticeFermionD> Ld(Dd);
+      SchurDiagOneOperator<MobiusFermionF,LatticeFermionF> Lf(Df);
+      CheckSplitBatched("Mobius SchurDiagOne antiperiodic",Ld,Lf,FrbGrid_f,src5_o,layout);
+    }
+    {
+      SchurDiagTwoOperator<MobiusFermionD,LatticeFermionD> Ld(Dd);
+      SchurDiagTwoOperator<MobiusFermionF,LatticeFermionF> Lf(Df);
+      CheckSplitBatched("Mobius SchurDiagTwo antiperiodic",Ld,Lf,FrbGrid_f,src5_o,layout);
+    }
+    {
+      MdagMLinearOperator<MobiusFermionD,LatticeFermionD> Ld(Dd);
+      MdagMLinearOperator<MobiusFermionF,LatticeFermionF> Lf(Df);
+      CheckSplitBatched("Mobius MdagM antiperiodic",Ld,Lf,FGrid_f,src5,layout);
+    }
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  // ZMobius
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  {
+    RealD mass = 0.1;
+    RealD M5   = 1.8;
+    RealD b    = 1.0;
+    RealD c    = 0.0;
+    std::vector<ComplexD> gamma(Ls);
+    for(int s=0;s<Ls;s++){
+      gamma[s] = ComplexD(1.0+0.05*s, (s%2) ? 0.02 : -0.02);
+    }
+    ZMobiusFermionD Dd(Umu_d,*FGrid_d,*FrbGrid_d,*UGrid_d,*UrbGrid_d,mass,M5,gamma,b,c);
+    ZMobiusFermionF Df(Umu_f,*FGrid_f,*FrbGrid_f,*UGrid_f,*UrbGrid_f,mass,M5,gamma,b,c);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<ZMobiusFermionD,LatticeFermionD> Ld(Dd);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<ZMobiusFermionF,LatticeFermionF> Lf(Df);
+    CheckSplitBatched("ZMobius SchurDiagMooee",Ld,Lf,FrbGrid_f,src5_o,layout);
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  // A derived operator must not inherit
+  // its parent's SplitClone
+  //////////////////////////////////////////
+  {
+    RealD mass = 0.1;
+    RealD mu   = 0.1;
+    WilsonTMFermionF Df(Umu_f,*UGrid_f,*UrbGrid_f,mass,mu);
+    SchurDiagMooeeOperator<WilsonTMFermionF,LatticeFermionF> Lf(Df);
+    SplitOperator<LatticeFermionF> *split = Lf.SplitClone(layout);
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "WilsonTM SplitClone refused: " << (split == nullptr) << std::endl;
+    GRID_ASSERT(split == nullptr);
+  }
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Test_split_mixedprec_batched: all checks passed" << std::endl;
+
+  Grid_finalize();
+}

tests/solver/Test_split_mobius_batched.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid
+
+    Source file: ./tests/solver/Test_split_mobius_batched.cc
+
+    Copyright (C) 2026
+
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Production-size timing of MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched for Mobius with the
+// Hadrons default SchurDiagMooeeOperator: the same batch solved without and then with
+// split inner solves (--batched-solver-split), reporting wall clock, per-rhs iterations
+// and true residuals for each.
+//
+//   --Ls 12 --mass 0.026 --M5 1.8 --b 1.5 --c 0.5 --nbatch 4 --tol 1e-8
+//   --config <NERSC file>    (omit for a hot configuration: timing only, not physics)
+//   --nounsplit              (skip the reference unsplit solve)
+//   --repeat N               (split solve N times; host RSS must not grow between them)
+//
+// MEMORY lines report host RSS (current and peak) and allocator cache sizes, maximum over
+// ranks, at each phase: with --enable-unified=no every Lattice lives in host memory.
+//
+// Only one solution vector is kept, so the driver's own footprint is two batches of
+// double red-black 5d fields; the solver adds about as much again.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#include <Grid/Grid.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace Grid;
+
+// Host memory of this process in GB: current resident set and its high-water mark
+void HostRSS(RealD &current,RealD &peak)
+{
+  struct rusage ru;
+  getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF,&ru);
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+  peak = ru.ru_maxrss/1.0e9;              // bytes on macOS
+  mach_task_basic_info_data_t info;
+  mach_msg_type_number_t count = MACH_TASK_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
+  task_info(mach_task_self(),MACH_TASK_BASIC_INFO,(task_info_t)&info,&count);
+  current = info.resident_size/1.0e9;
+#else
+  peak = ru.ru_maxrss*1024.0/1.0e9;       // kilobytes on Linux
+  long pages = 0;
+  long resident = 0;
+  FILE *f = fopen("/proc/self/statm","r");
+  if ( f ) {
+    if ( fscanf(f,"%ld %ld",&pages,&resident) != 2 ) {
+      resident = 0;
+    }
+    fclose(f);
+  }
+  current = resident*(RealD)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)/1.0e9;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Largest values over ranks: host RSS now and at peak, and the allocator caches
+void ReportMemory(GridBase *grid,const std::string &phase)
+{
+  RealD rss;
+  RealD peak;
+  HostRSS(rss,peak);
+  RealD hostcache = MemoryManager::HostCacheBytes()/1.0e9;
+  RealD devcache  = MemoryManager::DeviceCacheBytes()/1.0e9;
+  grid->GlobalMax(rss);
+  grid->GlobalMax(peak);
+  grid->GlobalMax(hostcache);
+  grid->GlobalMax(devcache);
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "MEMORY " << phase
+            << " : host RSS " << rss << " GB, peak " << peak
+            << " GB; allocator cache host " << hostcache << " GB, device " << devcache
+            << " GB (max over ranks)" << std::endl;
+}
+
+typedef LatticeFermionD FieldD;
+typedef LatticeFermionF FieldF;
+
+template<class T>
+T CmdOption(int argc,char **argv,const std::string &name,T def)
+{
+  T val = def;
+  if ( GridCmdOptionExists(argv,argv+argc,name) ) {
+    std::stringstream ss(GridCmdOptionPayload(argv,argv+argc,name));
+    ss >> val;
+  }
+  return val;
+}
+
+void SolveAndReport(const std::string &label,
+                    MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched<FieldD,FieldF> &mCG,
+                    LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &Linop_d,
+                    std::vector<FieldD> &src,
+                    std::vector<FieldD> &sol)
+{
+  int nbatch = src.size();
+  for(int i=0;i<nbatch;i++){
+    sol[i].Checkerboard() = src[i].Checkerboard();
+    sol[i] = Zero();
+  }
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "==================================================" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << label << " batched solve, nbatch " << nbatch << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "==================================================" << std::endl;
+
+  RealD t0 = usecond();
+  mCG(src,sol);
+  RealD t1 = usecond();
+
+  FieldD Msol(src[0].Grid());
+  Msol.Checkerboard() = src[0].Checkerboard();
+  RealD worst = 0.0;
+  for(int i=0;i<nbatch;i++){
+    Linop_d.HermOp(sol[i],Msol);
+    Msol = Msol - src[i];
+    RealD resid = std::sqrt(norm2(Msol)/norm2(src[i]));
+    worst = std::max(worst,resid);
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << label << ": rhs " << i << " true residual " << resid << std::endl;
+  }
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << label << ": SUMMARY wall clock " << (t1-t0)/1.0e6
+            << " s for " << nbatch << " rhs, " << (t1-t0)/1.0e6/nbatch
+            << " s/rhs, worst true residual " << worst << std::endl;
+}
+
+int main (int argc, char ** argv)
+{
+  Grid_init(&argc,&argv);
+
+  int         Ls        = CmdOption<int>        (argc,argv,"--Ls",12);
+  RealD       mass      = CmdOption<RealD>      (argc,argv,"--mass",0.026);
+  RealD       M5        = CmdOption<RealD>      (argc,argv,"--M5",1.8);
+  RealD       b         = CmdOption<RealD>      (argc,argv,"--b",1.5);
+  RealD       c         = CmdOption<RealD>      (argc,argv,"--c",0.5);
+  int         nbatch    = CmdOption<int>        (argc,argv,"--nbatch",4);
+  RealD       tol       = CmdOption<RealD>      (argc,argv,"--tol",1.0e-8);
+  std::string config    = CmdOption<std::string>(argc,argv,"--config",std::string(""));
+  bool        unsplit   = !GridCmdOptionExists(argv,argv+argc,"--nounsplit");
+  int         repeat    = CmdOption<int>        (argc,argv,"--repeat",1);
+
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Mobius Ls " << Ls << " mass " << mass << " M5 " << M5
+            << " b " << b << " c " << c << " nbatch " << nbatch << " tol " << tol << std::endl;
+
+  GridCartesian         *UGrid_d   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimGrid(GridDefaultLatt(), GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexD::Nsimd()), GridDefaultMpi());
+  GridRedBlackCartesian *UrbGrid_d = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimRedBlackGrid(UGrid_d);
+  GridCartesian         *FGrid_d   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimGrid(Ls,UGrid_d);
+  GridRedBlackCartesian *FrbGrid_d = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimRedBlackGrid(Ls,UGrid_d);
+
+  GridCartesian         *UGrid_f   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimGrid(GridDefaultLatt(), GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexF::Nsimd()), GridDefaultMpi());
+  GridRedBlackCartesian *UrbGrid_f = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimRedBlackGrid(UGrid_f);
+  GridCartesian         *FGrid_f   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimGrid(Ls,UGrid_f);
+  GridRedBlackCartesian *FrbGrid_f = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimRedBlackGrid(Ls,UGrid_f);
+
+  std::vector<int> seeds4({1,2,3,4});
+  std::vector<int> seeds5({5,6,7,8});
+  GridParallelRNG RNG4(UGrid_d);
+  GridParallelRNG RNG5(FGrid_d);
+  RNG4.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds4);
+  RNG5.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds5);
+
+  LatticeGaugeFieldD Umu_d(UGrid_d);
+  LatticeGaugeFieldF Umu_f(UGrid_f);
+  if ( config.size() ) {
+    FieldMetaData header;
+    NerscIO::readConfiguration(Umu_d,header,config);
+  } else {
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "No --config: hot configuration, timing only" << std::endl;
+    SU<Nc>::HotConfiguration(RNG4,Umu_d);
+  }
+  precisionChange(Umu_f,Umu_d);
+  ReportMemory(UGrid_d,"gauge field ready");
+
+  // Antiperiodic in time, as in production
+  WilsonImplParams params;
+  params.boundary_phases[Nd-1] = -1.0;
+
+  MobiusFermionD Dd(Umu_d,*FGrid_d,*FrbGrid_d,*UGrid_d,*UrbGrid_d,mass,M5,b,c,params);
+  MobiusFermionF Df(Umu_f,*FGrid_f,*FrbGrid_f,*UGrid_f,*UrbGrid_f,mass,M5,b,c,params);
+  SchurDiagMooeeOperator<MobiusFermionD,FieldD> Linop_d(Dd);
+  SchurDiagMooeeOperator<MobiusFermionF,FieldF> Linop_f(Df);
+
+  std::vector<FieldD> src(nbatch,FrbGrid_d);
+  std::vector<FieldD> sol(nbatch,FrbGrid_d);
+  {
+    FieldD tmp(FGrid_d);
+    for(int i=0;i<nbatch;i++){
+      random(RNG5,tmp);
+      pickCheckerboard(Odd,src[i],tmp);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ReportMemory(UGrid_d,"operators and sources ready");
+
+  MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched<FieldD,FieldF> mCG(tol,10000,50,10000,FrbGrid_f,Linop_f,Linop_d);
+
+  Coordinate split     = mCG.BatchedSplit;
+  bool       splitnode = mCG.BatchedSplitNode;
+
+  if ( unsplit ) {
+    mCG.BatchedSplit     = Coordinate();
+    mCG.BatchedSplitNode = false;
+    SolveAndReport("UNSPLIT",mCG,Linop_d,src,sol);
+    ReportMemory(UGrid_d,"after unsplit solve");
+  }
+
+  mCG.BatchedSplit     = split;
+  mCG.BatchedSplitNode = splitnode;
+  // Repeated split solves expose allocations not released between calls
+  for(int r=0;r<repeat;r++){
+    SolveAndReport("SPLIT",mCG,Linop_d,src,sol);
+    ReportMemory(UGrid_d,"after split solve "+std::to_string(r));
+  }
+
+  Grid_finalize();
+}