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.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Doxygen stuff
+html/*
+latex/*
+
 # Compiled Object files #
 #########################
 *.slo

Grid/algorithms/blas/BatchedBlas.h

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+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+
+    Source file: BatchedBlas.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2023
+
+Author: Peter Boyle <pboyle@bnl.gov>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+#include <hipblas/hipblas.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+#include <hipblas/hipblas.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+#error // need oneMKL version
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////	  
+// Need to rearrange lattice data to be in the right format for a
+// batched multiply. Might as well make these static, dense packed
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+  typedef hipblasHandle_t gridblasHandle_t;
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+  typedef cudablasHandle_t gridblasHandle_t;
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+  typedef int32_t gridblasHandle_t;
+#endif
+#if !defined(GRID_SYCL) && !defined(GRID_CUDA) && !defined(GRID_HIP)
+  typedef int32_t gridblasHandle_t;
+#endif
+
+enum GridBLASOperation_t { GridBLAS_OP_N, GridBLAS_OP_T, GridBLAS_OP_C } ;
+
+class GridBLAS {
+public:
+
+  
+  static gridblasHandle_t gridblasHandle;
+  static int            gridblasInit;
+  
+  static void Init(void)
+  {
+    if ( ! gridblasInit ) {
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+      std::cout << "cublasCreate"<<std::endl;
+      cublasCreate(&gridblasHandle);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+      std::cout << "hipblasCreate"<<std::endl;
+      hipblasCreate(&gridblasHandle);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+#endif
+      gridblasInit=1;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // Force construct once
+  GridBLAS() { Init(); };
+  ~GridBLAS() { };
+  
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // BLAS GEMM conventions:
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // - C = alpha A * B + beta C
+  // Dimensions:
+  // - C_m.n
+  // - A_m.k
+  // - B_k.n
+  // - Flops = 8 M N K
+  // - Bytes = 2*sizeof(word) * (MN+MK+KN)
+  // M=60, N=12
+  // Flop/Byte = 8 . 60.60.12 / (60.12+60.60+60.12)/16 = 4 so expect about 4 TF/s on a GCD
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  void synchronise(void)
+  {
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+    auto err = hipDeviceSynchronize();
+    assert(err==hipSuccess);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+    auto err = cudaDeviceSynchronize();
+    assert(err==cudaSuccess);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+    accelerator_barrier();
+#endif
+  }
+  
+  void gemmBatched(int m,int n, int k,
+		   ComplexD alpha,
+		   deviceVector<ComplexD*> &Amk,  // pointer list to matrices
+		   deviceVector<ComplexD*> &Bkn,
+		   ComplexD beta,
+		   deviceVector<ComplexD*> &Cmn)
+  {
+    gemmBatched(GridBLAS_OP_N,GridBLAS_OP_N,
+		m,n,k,
+		alpha,
+		Amk,
+		Bkn,
+		beta,
+		Cmn);
+  }
+  void gemmBatched(int m,int n, int k,
+		   ComplexF alpha,
+		   deviceVector<ComplexF*> &Amk,  // pointer list to matrices
+		   deviceVector<ComplexF*> &Bkn,
+		   ComplexF beta,
+		   deviceVector<ComplexF*> &Cmn)
+  {
+    gemmBatched(GridBLAS_OP_N,GridBLAS_OP_N,
+		m,n,k,
+		alpha,
+		Amk,
+		Bkn,
+		beta,
+		Cmn);
+  }
+  void gemmBatched(int m,int n, int k,
+		   RealD alpha,
+		   deviceVector<RealD*> &Amk,  // pointer list to matrices
+		   deviceVector<RealD*> &Bkn,
+		   RealD beta,
+		   deviceVector<RealD*> &Cmn)
+  {
+    gemmBatched(GridBLAS_OP_N,GridBLAS_OP_N,
+		m,n,k,
+		alpha,
+		Amk,
+		Bkn,
+		beta,
+		Cmn);
+  }
+  void gemmBatched(int m,int n, int k,
+		   RealF alpha,
+		   deviceVector<RealF*> &Amk,  // pointer list to matrices
+		   deviceVector<RealF*> &Bkn,
+		   RealF beta,
+		   deviceVector<RealF*> &Cmn)
+  {
+    gemmBatched(GridBLAS_OP_N,GridBLAS_OP_N,
+		m,n,k,
+		alpha,
+		Amk,
+		Bkn,
+		beta,
+		Cmn);
+  }
+
+  void gemmBatched(GridBLASOperation_t OpA,
+		   GridBLASOperation_t OpB,
+		   int m,int n, int k,
+		   ComplexD alpha,
+		   deviceVector<ComplexD*> &Amk,  // pointer list to matrices
+		   deviceVector<ComplexD*> &Bkn,
+		   ComplexD beta,
+		   deviceVector<ComplexD*> &Cmn)
+  {
+    RealD t2=usecond();
+    int32_t batchCount = Amk.size();
+    assert(Bkn.size()==batchCount);
+    assert(Cmn.size()==batchCount);
+
+    int lda = m; // m x k column major
+    int ldb = k; // k x n column major
+    int ldc = m; // m x b column major
+    if(OpA!=GridBLAS_OP_N)
+      lda = k;
+    if(OpB!=GridBLAS_OP_N)
+      ldb = n;
+    
+    static deviceVector<ComplexD> alpha_p(1);
+    static deviceVector<ComplexD> beta_p(1);
+    // can prestore the 1 and the zero on device
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)&alpha,(void *)&alpha_p[0],sizeof(ComplexD));
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)&beta ,(void *)&beta_p[0],sizeof(ComplexD));
+    RealD t0=usecond();
+    //    std::cout << "ZgemmBatched mnk  "<<m<<","<<n<<","<<k<<" count "<<batchCount<<std::endl;
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+    hipblasOperation_t hOpA;
+    hipblasOperation_t hOpB;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_C;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_C;
+    auto err = hipblasZgemmBatched(gridblasHandle,
+				   hOpA,
+				   hOpB,
+				   m,n,k,
+				   (hipblasDoubleComplex *) &alpha_p[0],
+				   (hipblasDoubleComplex **)&Amk[0], lda,
+				   (hipblasDoubleComplex **)&Bkn[0], ldb,
+				   (hipblasDoubleComplex *) &beta_p[0],
+				   (hipblasDoubleComplex **)&Cmn[0], ldc,
+				   batchCount);
+    //	 std::cout << " hipblas return code " <<(int)err<<std::endl;
+    assert(err==HIPBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+    cublasOperation_t hOpA;
+    cublasOperation_t hOpB;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_C;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_C;
+    auto err = cublasZgemmBatched(gridblasHandle,
+				  hOpA,
+				  hOpB,
+				  m,n,k,
+				  (cuDoubleComplex *) &alpha_p[0],
+				  (cuDoubleComplex **)&Amk[0], lda,
+				  (cuDoubleComplex **)&Bkn[0], ldb,
+				  (cuDoubleComplex *) &beta_p[0],
+				  (cuDoubleComplex **)&Cmn[0], ldc,
+				  batchCount);
+    assert(err==CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+    //MKL’s cblas_<T>gemm_batch & OneAPI
+#warning "oneMKL implementation not built "
+#endif
+#if !defined(GRID_SYCL) && !defined(GRID_CUDA) && !defined(GRID_HIP)
+    // Need a default/reference implementation
+    int sda = lda*k;
+    int sdb = ldb*k;
+    int sdc = ldc*n;
+    for (int p = 0; p < batchCount; ++p) {
+      for (int mm = 0; mm < m; ++mm) {
+	for (int nn = 0; nn < n; ++nn) {
+	  ComplexD c_mn(0.0);
+	  for (int kk = 0; kk < k; ++kk)
+	    c_mn += Amk[p][mm + kk*lda ] * Bkn[p][kk + nn*ldb];
+	  Cmn[p][mm + nn*ldc] =  (alpha)*c_mn + (beta)*Cmn[p][mm + nn*ldc ];
+	}
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+    //    synchronise();
+     RealD t1=usecond();
+     RealD flops = 8.0*m*n*k*batchCount;
+     RealD bytes = 1.0*sizeof(ComplexD)*(m*k+k*n+m*n)*batchCount;
+     //     std::cout <<GridLogMessage<< " batched Blas copy "<<(t0-t2)/1.e3 <<" ms "<<std::endl;
+     //     std::cout <<GridLogMessage<< " batched Blas zGemm call "<<m<<","<<n<<","<<k<<" "<< flops/(t1-t0)/1.e3 <<" GF/s "<<(t1-t0)/1.e3<<" ms "<<std::endl;
+     //     std::cout <<GridLogMessage<< " batched Blas zGemm call "<<m<<","<<n<<","<<k<<" "<< bytes/(t1-t0)/1.e3 <<" GB/s "<<(t1-t0)/1.e3<<" ms "<<std::endl;
+  }
+
+  void gemmBatched(GridBLASOperation_t OpA,
+		   GridBLASOperation_t OpB,
+		   int m,int n, int k,
+		   ComplexF alpha,
+		   deviceVector<ComplexF*> &Amk,  // pointer list to matrices
+		   deviceVector<ComplexF*> &Bkn,
+		   ComplexF beta,
+		   deviceVector<ComplexF*> &Cmn)
+  {
+    RealD t2=usecond();
+    int32_t batchCount = Amk.size();
+
+    int lda = m; // m x k column major
+    int ldb = k; // k x n column major
+    int ldc = m; // m x b column major
+    if(OpA!=GridBLAS_OP_N)
+      lda = k;
+    if(OpB!=GridBLAS_OP_N)
+      ldb = n;
+    static deviceVector<ComplexF> alpha_p(1);
+    static deviceVector<ComplexF> beta_p(1);
+    // can prestore the 1 and the zero on device
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)&alpha,(void *)&alpha_p[0],sizeof(ComplexF));
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)&beta ,(void *)&beta_p[0],sizeof(ComplexF));
+    RealD t0=usecond();
+
+    assert(Bkn.size()==batchCount);
+    assert(Cmn.size()==batchCount);
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+    hipblasOperation_t hOpA;
+    hipblasOperation_t hOpB;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_C;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_C;
+    auto err = hipblasCgemmBatched(gridblasHandle,
+				   hOpA,
+				   hOpB,
+				   m,n,k,
+				   (hipblasComplex *) &alpha_p[0],
+				   (hipblasComplex **)&Amk[0], lda,
+				   (hipblasComplex **)&Bkn[0], ldb,
+				   (hipblasComplex *) &beta_p[0],
+				   (hipblasComplex **)&Cmn[0], ldc,
+				   batchCount);
+
+    assert(err==HIPBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+    cublasOperation_t hOpA;
+    cublasOperation_t hOpB;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_C;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_C;
+    auto err = cublasCgemmBatched(gridblasHandle,
+				  hOpA,
+				  hOpB,
+				  m,n,k,
+				  (cuComplex *) &alpha_p[0],
+				  (cuComplex **)&Amk[0], lda,
+				  (cuComplex **)&Bkn[0], ldb,
+				  (cuComplex *) &beta_p[0],
+				  (cuComplex **)&Cmn[0], ldc,
+				  batchCount);
+    assert(err==CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+    //MKL’s cblas_<T>gemm_batch & OneAPI
+#warning "oneMKL implementation not built "
+#endif
+#if !defined(GRID_SYCL) && !defined(GRID_CUDA) && !defined(GRID_HIP)
+    int sda = lda*k;
+    int sdb = ldb*k;
+    int sdc = ldc*n;
+    ComplexF alphaf(real(alpha),imag(alpha));
+    ComplexF betaf(real(beta),imag(beta));
+    // Need a default/reference implementation
+    for (int p = 0; p < batchCount; ++p) {
+      for (int mm = 0; mm < m; ++mm) {
+	for (int nn = 0; nn < n; ++nn) {
+	  ComplexF c_mn(0.0);
+	  for (int kk = 0; kk < k; ++kk)
+	    c_mn += Amk[p][mm + kk*lda ] * Bkn[p][kk + nn*ldb];
+	  Cmn[p][mm + nn*ldc] =  (alphaf)*c_mn + (betaf)*Cmn[p][mm + nn*ldc ];
+	}
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+     RealD t1=usecond();
+     RealD flops = 8.0*m*n*k*batchCount;
+     RealD bytes = 1.0*sizeof(ComplexF)*(m*k+k*n+m*n)*batchCount;
+  }
+  
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Single precision real GEMM
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  void gemmBatched(GridBLASOperation_t OpA,
+		   GridBLASOperation_t OpB,
+		   int m,int n, int k,
+		   RealF alpha,
+		   deviceVector<RealF*> &Amk,  // pointer list to matrices
+		   deviceVector<RealF*> &Bkn,
+		   RealF beta,
+		   deviceVector<RealF*> &Cmn)
+  {
+    RealD t2=usecond();
+    int32_t batchCount = Amk.size();
+
+    int lda = m; // m x k column major
+    int ldb = k; // k x n column major
+    int ldc = m; // m x b column major
+    if(OpA!=GridBLAS_OP_N)
+      lda = k;
+    if(OpB!=GridBLAS_OP_N)
+      ldb = n;
+    static deviceVector<RealF> alpha_p(1);
+    static deviceVector<RealF> beta_p(1);
+    // can prestore the 1 and the zero on device
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)&alpha,(void *)&alpha_p[0],sizeof(RealF));
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)&beta ,(void *)&beta_p[0],sizeof(RealF));
+    RealD t0=usecond();
+
+    assert(Bkn.size()==batchCount);
+    assert(Cmn.size()==batchCount);
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+    hipblasOperation_t hOpA;
+    hipblasOperation_t hOpB;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_C;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_C;
+    auto err = hipblasSgemmBatched(gridblasHandle,
+				   hOpA,
+				   hOpB,
+				   m,n,k,
+				   (float *) &alpha_p[0],
+				   (float **)&Amk[0], lda,
+				   (float **)&Bkn[0], ldb,
+				   (float *) &beta_p[0],
+				   (float **)&Cmn[0], ldc,
+				   batchCount);
+    assert(err==HIPBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+    cublasOperation_t hOpA;
+    cublasOperation_t hOpB;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_C;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_C;
+    auto err = cublasSgemmBatched(gridblasHandle,
+				  hOpA,
+				  hOpB,
+				  m,n,k,
+				  (float *) &alpha_p[0],
+				  (float **)&Amk[0], lda,
+				  (float **)&Bkn[0], ldb,
+				  (float *) &beta_p[0],
+				  (float **)&Cmn[0], ldc,
+				  batchCount);
+    assert(err==CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+    //MKL’s cblas_<T>gemm_batch & OneAPI
+#warning "oneMKL implementation not built "
+#endif
+#if !defined(GRID_SYCL) && !defined(GRID_CUDA) && !defined(GRID_HIP)
+    int sda = lda*k;
+    int sdb = ldb*k;
+    int sdc = ldc*n;
+    // Need a default/reference implementation
+    for (int p = 0; p < batchCount; ++p) {
+      for (int mm = 0; mm < m; ++mm) {
+	for (int nn = 0; nn < n; ++nn) {
+	  RealD c_mn(0.0);
+	  for (int kk = 0; kk < k; ++kk)
+	    c_mn += Amk[p][mm + kk*lda ] * Bkn[p][kk + nn*ldb];
+	  Cmn[p][mm + nn*ldc] =  (alpha)*c_mn + (beta)*Cmn[p][mm + nn*ldc ];
+	}
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+     RealD t1=usecond();
+     RealD flops = 2.0*m*n*k*batchCount;
+     RealD bytes = 1.0*sizeof(RealF)*(m*k+k*n+m*n)*batchCount;
+  }
+  
+  
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Double precision real GEMM
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  void gemmBatched(GridBLASOperation_t OpA,
+		   GridBLASOperation_t OpB,
+		   int m,int n, int k,
+		   RealD alpha,
+		   deviceVector<RealD*> &Amk,  // pointer list to matrices
+		   deviceVector<RealD*> &Bkn,
+		   RealD beta,
+		   deviceVector<RealD*> &Cmn)
+  {
+    RealD t2=usecond();
+    int32_t batchCount = Amk.size();
+
+    int lda = m; // m x k column major
+    int ldb = k; // k x n column major
+    int ldc = m; // m x b column major
+    if(OpA!=GridBLAS_OP_N)
+      lda = k;
+    if(OpB!=GridBLAS_OP_N)
+      ldb = n;
+    
+    static deviceVector<RealD> alpha_p(1);
+    static deviceVector<RealD> beta_p(1);
+    // can prestore the 1 and the zero on device
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)&alpha,(void *)&alpha_p[0],sizeof(RealD));
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)&beta ,(void *)&beta_p[0],sizeof(RealD));
+    RealD t0=usecond();
+
+    assert(Bkn.size()==batchCount);
+    assert(Cmn.size()==batchCount);
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+    hipblasOperation_t hOpA;
+    hipblasOperation_t hOpB;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpA = HIPBLAS_OP_C;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpB = HIPBLAS_OP_C;
+    auto err = hipblasDgemmBatched(gridblasHandle,
+				   HIPBLAS_OP_N,
+				   HIPBLAS_OP_N,
+				   m,n,k,
+				   (double *) &alpha_p[0],
+				   (double **)&Amk[0], lda,
+				   (double **)&Bkn[0], ldb,
+				   (double *) &beta_p[0],
+				   (double **)&Cmn[0], ldc,
+				   batchCount);
+    assert(err==HIPBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+    cublasOperation_t hOpA;
+    cublasOperation_t hOpB;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpA == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpA = CUBLAS_OP_C;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_N ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_N;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_T ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_T;
+    if ( OpB == GridBLAS_OP_C ) hOpB = CUBLAS_OP_C;
+    auto err = cublasDgemmBatched(gridblasHandle,
+				  hOpA,
+				  hOpB,
+				  m,n,k,
+				  (double *) &alpha_p[0],
+				  (double **)&Amk[0], lda,
+				  (double **)&Bkn[0], ldb,
+				  (double *) &beta_p[0],
+				  (double **)&Cmn[0], ldc,
+				  batchCount);
+    assert(err==CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+    /*
+      int64_t m64=m;
+      int64_t n64=n;
+      int64_t k64=k;
+      int64_t batchCount64=batchCount;
+      oneapi::mkl::blas::column_major::gemm_batch(*theGridAccelerator,
+      onemkl::transpose::N,
+      onemkl::transpose::N,
+      &m64,&n64,&k64,
+      (double *) &alpha_p[0],
+      (double **)&Amk[0], lda,
+      (double **)&Bkn[0], ldb,
+      (double *) &beta_p[0],
+      (double **)&Cmn[0], ldc,
+      1,&batchCount64);
+     */
+    //MKL’s cblas_<T>gemm_batch & OneAPI
+#warning "oneMKL implementation not built "
+#endif
+#if !defined(GRID_SYCL) && !defined(GRID_CUDA) && !defined(GRID_HIP)
+    int sda = lda*k;
+    int sdb = ldb*k;
+    int sdc = ldc*n;
+    // Need a default/reference implementation
+    for (int p = 0; p < batchCount; ++p) {
+      for (int mm = 0; mm < m; ++mm) {
+	for (int nn = 0; nn < n; ++nn) {
+	  RealD c_mn(0.0);
+	  for (int kk = 0; kk < k; ++kk)
+	    c_mn += Amk[p][mm + kk*lda ] * Bkn[p][kk + nn*ldb];
+	  Cmn[p][mm + nn*ldc] =  (alpha)*c_mn + (beta)*Cmn[p][mm + nn*ldc ];
+	}
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+     RealD t1=usecond();
+     RealD flops = 2.0*m*n*k*batchCount;
+     RealD bytes = 1.0*sizeof(RealD)*(m*k+k*n+m*n)*batchCount;
+  }
+  
+
+  
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Strided case used by benchmark, but generally unused in Grid
+  // Keep a code example in double complex, but don't generate the single and real variants for now
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  
+  void gemmStridedBatched(int m,int n, int k,
+			  ComplexD alpha,
+			  ComplexD* Amk,  // pointer list to matrices
+			  ComplexD* Bkn,
+			  ComplexD beta,
+			  ComplexD* Cmn,
+			  int batchCount)
+  {
+    // Use C-row major storage, so transpose calls
+    int lda = m; // m x k column major
+    int ldb = k; // k x n column major
+    int ldc = m; // m x b column major
+    int sda = m*k;
+    int sdb = k*n;
+    int sdc = m*n;
+    deviceVector<ComplexD> alpha_p(1);
+    deviceVector<ComplexD> beta_p(1);
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)&alpha,(void *)&alpha_p[0],sizeof(ComplexD));
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)&beta ,(void *)&beta_p[0],sizeof(ComplexD));
+    std::cout << "blasZgemmStridedBatched mnk  "<<m<<","<<n<<","<<k<<" count "<<batchCount<<std::endl;
+    std::cout << "blasZgemmStridedBatched ld   "<<lda<<","<<ldb<<","<<ldc<<std::endl;
+    std::cout << "blasZgemmStridedBatched sd   "<<sda<<","<<sdb<<","<<sdc<<std::endl;
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+    auto err = hipblasZgemmStridedBatched(gridblasHandle,
+					  HIPBLAS_OP_N,
+					  HIPBLAS_OP_N,
+					  m,n,k,
+					  (hipblasDoubleComplex *) &alpha_p[0],
+					  (hipblasDoubleComplex *) Amk, lda, sda,
+					  (hipblasDoubleComplex *) Bkn, ldb, sdb,
+					  (hipblasDoubleComplex *) &beta_p[0],
+					  (hipblasDoubleComplex *) Cmn, ldc, sdc,
+					  batchCount);
+    assert(err==HIPBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+    cublasZgemmStridedBatched(gridblasHandle,
+			      CUBLAS_OP_N,
+			      CUBLAS_OP_N,
+			      m,n,k,
+			      (cuDoubleComplex *) &alpha_p[0],
+			      (cuDoubleComplex *) Amk, lda, sda,
+			      (cuDoubleComplex *) Bkn, ldb, sdb,
+			      (cuDoubleComplex *) &beta_p[0],
+			      (cuDoubleComplex *) Cmn, ldc, sdc,
+			      batchCount);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+     #warning "oneMKL implementation not made "
+#endif
+#if !defined(GRID_SYCL) && !defined(GRID_CUDA) && !defined(GRID_HIP)
+     // Need a default/reference implementation
+     for (int p = 0; p < batchCount; ++p) {
+       for (int mm = 0; mm < m; ++mm) {
+	 for (int nn = 0; nn < n; ++nn) {
+	   ComplexD c_mn(0.0);
+	   for (int kk = 0; kk < k; ++kk)
+	     c_mn += Amk[mm + kk*lda + p*sda] * Bkn[kk + nn*ldb + p*sdb];
+	   Cmn[mm + nn*ldc + p*sdc] =  (alpha)*c_mn + (beta)*Cmn[mm + nn*ldc + p*sdc];
+	 }
+       }
+     }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  double benchmark(int M, int N, int K, int BATCH)
+  {
+    int32_t N_A = M*K*BATCH;
+    int32_t N_B = K*N*BATCH;
+    int32_t N_C = M*N*BATCH;
+    deviceVector<ComplexD> A(N_A); acceleratorMemSet(&A[0],0,N_A*sizeof(ComplexD));
+    deviceVector<ComplexD> B(N_B); acceleratorMemSet(&B[0],0,N_B*sizeof(ComplexD));
+    deviceVector<ComplexD> C(N_C); acceleratorMemSet(&C[0],0,N_C*sizeof(ComplexD));
+    ComplexD alpha(1.0);
+    ComplexD beta (1.0);
+    RealD flops = 8.0*M*N*K*BATCH;
+    for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
+      RealD t0 = usecond();
+	gemmStridedBatched(M,N,K,
+			   alpha,
+			   &A[0], // m x k 
+			   &B[0], // k x n
+			   beta, 
+			   &C[0], // m x n
+			   BATCH);
+      synchronise();
+      RealD t1 = usecond();
+      RealD bytes = 1.0*sizeof(ComplexD)*(M*N*2+N*K+M*K)*BATCH;
+      flops = flops/(t1-t0)/1.e3;
+    }
+    return flops;
+  }
+
+
+
+
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/allocator/AlignedAllocator.h

@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ template<class T> using cshiftAllocator = std::allocator<T>;
 template<class T> using Vector        = std::vector<T,uvmAllocator<T> >;           
 template<class T> using stencilVector = std::vector<T,alignedAllocator<T> >;           
 template<class T> using commVector = std::vector<T,devAllocator<T> >;
+template<class T> using deviceVector  = std::vector<T,devAllocator<T> >;
 template<class T> using cshiftVector = std::vector<T,cshiftAllocator<T> >;
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/log/Log.h

@@ -179,11 +179,11 @@ extern GridLogger GridLogSolver;
 extern GridLogger GridLogError;
 extern GridLogger GridLogWarning;
 extern GridLogger GridLogMessage;
-extern GridLogger GridLogDebug  ;
+extern GridLogger GridLogDebug;
 extern GridLogger GridLogPerformance;
 extern GridLogger GridLogDslash;
-extern GridLogger GridLogIterative  ;
+extern GridLogger GridLogIterative;
-extern GridLogger GridLogIntegrator  ;
+extern GridLogger GridLogIntegrator;
 extern GridLogger GridLogHMC;
 extern GridLogger GridLogMemory;
 extern GridLogger GridLogTracing;
@@ -191,6 +191,41 @@ extern Colours    GridLogColours;
 
 std::string demangle(const char* name) ;
 
+template<typename... Args>
+inline std::string sjoin(Args&&... args) noexcept {
+    std::ostringstream msg;
+    (msg << ... << args);
+    return msg.str();
+}
+
+/*!  @brief make log messages work like python print */
+template <typename... Args>
+inline void Grid_log(Args&&... args) {
+    std::string msg = sjoin(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << msg << std::endl;
+}
+
+/*!  @brief make warning messages work like python print */
+template <typename... Args>
+inline void Grid_warn(Args&&... args) {
+    std::string msg = sjoin(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    std::cout << "\033[33m" << GridLogWarning << msg << "\033[0m" << std::endl;
+}
+
+/*!  @brief make error messages work like python print */
+template <typename... Args>
+inline void Grid_error(Args&&... args) {
+    std::string msg = sjoin(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    std::cout << "\033[31m" << GridLogError << msg << "\033[0m" << std::endl;
+}
+
+/*!  @brief make pass messages work like python print */
+template <typename... Args>
+inline void Grid_pass(Args&&... args) {
+    std::string msg = sjoin(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    std::cout << "\033[32m" << GridLogMessage << msg << "\033[0m" << std::endl;
+}
+
 #define _NBACKTRACE (256)
 extern void * Grid_backtrace_buffer[_NBACKTRACE];
 

Grid/qcd/smearing/HISQSmearing.h

@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid
+
+Source file: ./lib/qcd/smearing/HISQSmearing.h
+
+Copyright (C) 2023
+
+Author: D. A. Clarke <clarke.davida@gmail.com> 
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution
+directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*
+    @file HISQSmearing.h
+    @brief Declares classes related to HISQ smearing 
+*/
+
+
+#pragma once
+#include <Grid/Grid.h>
+#include <Grid/lattice/PaddedCell.h>
+#include <Grid/stencil/GeneralLocalStencil.h>
+
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+
+// TODO: find a way to fold this into the stencil header. need to access grid to get
+// Nd, since you don't want to inherit from QCD.h
+/*!  @brief append arbitrary shift path to shifts */
+template<typename... Args>
+void appendShift(std::vector<Coordinate>& shifts, int dir, Args... args) {
+    Coordinate shift(Nd,0);
+    generalShift(shift, dir, args...); 
+    // push_back creates an element at the end of shifts and
+    // assigns the data in the argument to it.
+    shifts.push_back(shift);
+}
+
+
+/*!  @brief figure out the stencil index from mu and nu */
+accelerator_inline int stencilIndex(int mu, int nu) {
+    // Nshifts depends on how you built the stencil
+    int Nshifts = 6;
+    return Nshifts*nu + Nd*Nshifts*mu;
+}
+
+
+/*!  @brief structure holding the link treatment */
+struct SmearingParameters{
+    SmearingParameters(){}
+    Real c_1;               // 1 link
+    Real c_naik;            // Naik term
+    Real c_3;               // 3 link
+    Real c_5;               // 5 link
+    Real c_7;               // 7 link
+    Real c_lp;              // 5 link Lepage
+    SmearingParameters(Real c1, Real cnaik, Real c3, Real c5, Real c7, Real clp) 
+        : c_1(c1),
+          c_naik(cnaik),
+          c_3(c3),
+          c_5(c5),
+          c_7(c7),
+          c_lp(clp){}
+};
+
+
+/*!  @brief create fat links from link variables */
+template<class Gimpl> 
+class Smear_HISQ : public Gimpl {
+
+private:
+    GridCartesian* const _grid;
+    SmearingParameters _linkTreatment;
+
+public:
+
+    INHERIT_GIMPL_TYPES(Gimpl);
+    typedef typename Gimpl::GaugeField     GF;
+    typedef typename Gimpl::GaugeLinkField LF;
+    typedef typename Gimpl::ComplexField   CF;
+
+    // Don't allow default values here.
+    Smear_HISQ(GridCartesian* grid, Real c1, Real cnaik, Real c3, Real c5, Real c7, Real clp) 
+        : _grid(grid), 
+          _linkTreatment(c1,cnaik,c3,c5,c7,clp) {
+        assert(Nc == 3 && "HISQ smearing currently implemented only for Nc==3");
+        assert(Nd == 4 && "HISQ smearing only defined for Nd==4");
+    }
+
+    // Allow to pass a pointer to a C-style, double array for MILC convenience
+    Smear_HISQ(GridCartesian* grid, double* coeff) 
+        : _grid(grid), 
+          _linkTreatment(coeff[0],coeff[1],coeff[2],coeff[3],coeff[4],coeff[5]) {
+        assert(Nc == 3 && "HISQ smearing currently implemented only for Nc==3");
+        assert(Nd == 4 && "HISQ smearing only defined for Nd==4");
+    }
+
+    ~Smear_HISQ() {}
+
+    // Intent: OUT--u_smr, u_naik
+    //          IN--u_thin
+    void smear(GF& u_smr, GF& u_naik, GF& u_thin) const {
+
+        SmearingParameters lt = this->_linkTreatment;
+        auto grid = this->_grid;
+
+        // Create a padded cell of extra padding depth=1 and fill the padding.
+        int depth = 1;
+        PaddedCell Ghost(depth,grid);
+        GF Ughost = Ghost.Exchange(u_thin);
+
+        // This is where auxiliary N-link fields and the final smear will be stored. 
+        GF Ughost_fat(Ughost.Grid());
+        GF Ughost_3link(Ughost.Grid());
+        GF Ughost_5linkA(Ughost.Grid());
+        GF Ughost_5linkB(Ughost.Grid());
+
+        // mu-nu plane stencil. We allow mu==nu to make indexing the stencil easier,
+        // but these entries will not be used. 
+        std::vector<Coordinate> shifts;
+        for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++)
+        for(int nu=0;nu<Nd;nu++) {
+            appendShift(shifts,mu);
+            appendShift(shifts,nu);
+            appendShift(shifts,shiftSignal::NO_SHIFT);
+            appendShift(shifts,mu,Back(nu));
+            appendShift(shifts,Back(nu));
+            appendShift(shifts,Back(mu));
+        }
+
+        // A GeneralLocalStencil has two indices: a site and stencil index 
+        GeneralLocalStencil gStencil(Ughost.Grid(),shifts);
+
+        // This is where contributions from the smearing get added together
+        Ughost_fat=Zero();
+
+        // This loop handles 3-, 5-, and 7-link constructs, minus Lepage and Naik.
+        for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++) {
+
+            // TODO: This approach is slightly memory inefficient. It uses 25% extra memory 
+            Ughost_3link =Zero();
+            Ughost_5linkA=Zero();
+            Ughost_5linkB=Zero();
+
+            // Create the accessors
+            autoView(U_v       , Ughost       , AcceleratorRead);
+            autoView(U_fat_v   , Ughost_fat   , AcceleratorWrite);
+            autoView(U_3link_v , Ughost_3link , AcceleratorWrite);
+            autoView(U_5linkA_v, Ughost_5linkA, AcceleratorWrite);
+            autoView(U_5linkB_v, Ughost_5linkB, AcceleratorWrite);
+
+            // We infer some types that will be needed in the calculation.
+            typedef decltype(gStencil.GetEntry(0,0)) stencilElement;
+            typedef decltype(coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[0](0),gStencil.GetEntry(0,0)->_permute,Nd)) U3matrix;
+
+            int Nsites = U_v.size();
+            auto gStencil_v = gStencil.View(); 
+
+            accelerator_for(site,Nsites,Simd::Nsimd(),{ // ----------- 3-link constructs
+                stencilElement SE0, SE1, SE2, SE3, SE4, SE5;
+                U3matrix U0, U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, W;
+                for(int nu=0;nu<Nd;nu++) {
+                    if(nu==mu) continue;
+                    int s = stencilIndex(mu,nu);
+
+                    // The stencil gives us support points in the mu-nu plane that we will use to
+                    // grab the links we need.
+                    SE0 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+0,site); int x_p_mu      = SE0->_offset;
+                    SE1 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+1,site); int x_p_nu      = SE1->_offset;
+                    SE2 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+2,site); int x           = SE2->_offset;
+                    SE3 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+3,site); int x_p_mu_m_nu = SE3->_offset;
+                    SE4 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+4,site); int x_m_nu      = SE4->_offset;
+                    SE5 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+5,site); int x_m_mu      = SE5->_offset;
+
+                    // When you're deciding whether to take an adjoint, the question is: how is the
+                    // stored link oriented compared to the one you want? If I imagine myself travelling
+                    // with the to-be-updated link, I have two possible, alternative 3-link paths I can
+                    // take, one starting by going to the left, the other starting by going to the right.
+                    U0 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[x_p_mu     ](nu),SE0->_permute,Nd);
+                    U1 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[x_p_nu     ](mu),SE1->_permute,Nd);
+                    U2 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[x          ](nu),SE2->_permute,Nd);
+                    U3 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[x_p_mu_m_nu](nu),SE3->_permute,Nd);
+                    U4 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[x_m_nu     ](mu),SE4->_permute,Nd);
+                    U5 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[x_m_nu     ](nu),SE4->_permute,Nd);
+
+                    //  "left"          "right"
+                    W = U2*U1*adj(U0) + adj(U5)*U4*U3;
+
+                    // Save 3-link construct for later and add to smeared field.
+                    coalescedWrite(U_3link_v[x](nu), W);
+
+                    // The index operator (x) returns the coalesced read on GPU. The view [] index returns 
+                    // a reference to the vector object. The [x](mu) returns a reference to the densely 
+                    // packed (contiguous in memory) mu-th element of the vector object. On CPU, 
+                    // coalescedRead/Write is the identity mapping assigning vector object to vector object.
+                    // But on GPU it's non-trivial and maps scalar object to vector object and vice versa.
+                    coalescedWrite(U_fat_v[x](mu), U_fat_v(x)(mu) + lt.c_3*W);
+                }
+            })
+
+            accelerator_for(site,Nsites,Simd::Nsimd(),{ // ----------- 5-link 
+                stencilElement SE0, SE1, SE2, SE3, SE4, SE5;
+                U3matrix U0, U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, W;
+                int sigmaIndex = 0;
+                for(int nu=0;nu<Nd;nu++) {
+                    if(nu==mu) continue;
+                    int s = stencilIndex(mu,nu);
+                    for(int rho=0;rho<Nd;rho++) {
+                        if (rho == mu || rho == nu) continue;
+
+                        SE0 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+0,site); int x_p_mu      = SE0->_offset;
+                        SE1 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+1,site); int x_p_nu      = SE1->_offset;
+                        SE2 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+2,site); int x           = SE2->_offset;
+                        SE3 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+3,site); int x_p_mu_m_nu = SE3->_offset;
+                        SE4 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+4,site); int x_m_nu      = SE4->_offset;
+
+                        U0 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(      U_v[x_p_mu     ](nu ),SE0->_permute,Nd);
+                        U1 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_3link_v[x_p_nu     ](rho),SE1->_permute,Nd);
+                        U2 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(      U_v[x          ](nu ),SE2->_permute,Nd);
+                        U3 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(      U_v[x_p_mu_m_nu](nu ),SE3->_permute,Nd);
+                        U4 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_3link_v[x_m_nu     ](rho),SE4->_permute,Nd);
+                        U5 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(      U_v[x_m_nu     ](nu ),SE4->_permute,Nd);
+
+                        W  = U2*U1*adj(U0) + adj(U5)*U4*U3;
+
+                        if(sigmaIndex<3) {
+                            coalescedWrite(U_5linkA_v[x](rho), W);
+                        } else {
+                            coalescedWrite(U_5linkB_v[x](rho), W);
+                        }    
+
+                        coalescedWrite(U_fat_v[x](mu), U_fat_v(x)(mu) + lt.c_5*W);
+                        sigmaIndex++;
+                    }
+                }
+            })
+
+            accelerator_for(site,Nsites,Simd::Nsimd(),{ // ----------- 7-link
+                stencilElement SE0, SE1, SE2, SE3, SE4, SE5;
+                U3matrix U0, U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, W;
+                int sigmaIndex = 0;
+                for(int nu=0;nu<Nd;nu++) {
+                    if(nu==mu) continue;
+                    int s = stencilIndex(mu,nu);
+                    for(int rho=0;rho<Nd;rho++) {
+                        if (rho == mu || rho == nu) continue;
+
+                        SE0 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+0,site); int x_p_mu      = SE0->_offset;
+                        SE1 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+1,site); int x_p_nu      = SE1->_offset;
+                        SE2 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+2,site); int x           = SE2->_offset;
+                        SE3 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+3,site); int x_p_mu_m_nu = SE3->_offset;
+                        SE4 = gStencil_v.GetEntry(s+4,site); int x_m_nu      = SE4->_offset;
+
+                        U0 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[x_p_mu](nu),SE0->_permute,Nd);
+                        if(sigmaIndex<3) {
+                            U1 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_5linkB_v[x_p_nu](rho),SE1->_permute,Nd);
+                        } else {
+                            U1 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_5linkA_v[x_p_nu](rho),SE1->_permute,Nd);
+                        }  
+                        U2 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[x](nu),SE2->_permute,Nd);
+                        U3 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[x_p_mu_m_nu](nu),SE3->_permute,Nd);
+                        if(sigmaIndex<3) {
+                            U4 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_5linkB_v[x_m_nu](rho),SE4->_permute,Nd);
+                        } else {
+                            U4 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_5linkA_v[x_m_nu](rho),SE4->_permute,Nd);
+                        }  
+                        U5 = coalescedReadGeneralPermute(U_v[x_m_nu](nu),SE4->_permute,Nd);
+
+                        W  = U2*U1*adj(U0) + adj(U5)*U4*U3;
+
+                        coalescedWrite(U_fat_v[x](mu), U_fat_v(x)(mu) + lt.c_7*W);
+                        sigmaIndex++;
+                    }
+                }
+            })
+
+        } // end mu loop
+
+        // c1, c3, c5, c7 construct contributions
+        u_smr = Ghost.Extract(Ughost_fat) + lt.c_1*u_thin;
+
+        // Load up U and V std::vectors to access thin and smeared links.
+        std::vector<LF> U(Nd, grid);
+        std::vector<LF> V(Nd, grid);
+        std::vector<LF> Vnaik(Nd, grid);
+        for (int mu = 0; mu < Nd; mu++) {
+            U[mu] = PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(u_thin, mu);
+            V[mu] = PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(u_smr, mu);
+        }
+
+        for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++) {
+
+            // Naik
+            Vnaik[mu] = lt.c_naik*Gimpl::CovShiftForward(U[mu],mu,
+                                    Gimpl::CovShiftForward(U[mu],mu,
+                                      Gimpl::CovShiftIdentityForward(U[mu],mu)));
+
+            // LePage
+            for (int nu_h=1;nu_h<Nd;nu_h++) {
+                int nu=(mu+nu_h)%Nd;
+                                // nu, nu, mu, Back(nu), Back(nu)
+                V[mu] = V[mu] + lt.c_lp*Gimpl::CovShiftForward(U[nu],nu,
+                                          Gimpl::CovShiftForward(U[nu],nu,
+                                            Gimpl::CovShiftForward(U[mu],mu,
+                                              Gimpl::CovShiftBackward(U[nu],nu,
+                                                Gimpl::CovShiftIdentityBackward(U[nu],nu)))))
+                                // Back(nu), Back(nu), mu, nu, nu
+                              + lt.c_lp*Gimpl::CovShiftBackward(U[nu],nu,
+                                          Gimpl::CovShiftBackward(U[nu],nu,
+                                            Gimpl::CovShiftForward(U[mu],mu,
+                                              Gimpl::CovShiftForward(U[nu],nu,
+                                                Gimpl::CovShiftIdentityForward(U[nu],nu)))));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Put V back into u_smr.
+        for (int mu = 0; mu < Nd; mu++) {
+            PokeIndex<LorentzIndex>(u_smr , V[mu]    , mu);
+            PokeIndex<LorentzIndex>(u_naik, Vnaik[mu], mu);
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    // Intent: OUT--u_proj
+    //          IN--u_mu
+    void projectU3(GF& u_proj, GF& u_mu) const {
+
+        auto grid = this->_grid;
+
+        LF V(grid), Q(grid), sqrtQinv(grid), id_3(grid), diff(grid);
+        CF c0(grid), c1(grid), c2(grid), g0(grid), g1(grid), g2(grid), S(grid), R(grid), theta(grid), 
+           u(grid), v(grid), w(grid), den(grid), f0(grid), f1(grid), f2(grid);
+
+        // Follow MILC 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.074501, eqs (B2-B3) and (C1-C8)
+        for (int mu = 0; mu < Nd; mu++) {
+            V  = PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(u_mu, mu);
+            Q  = adj(V)*V;
+            c0 =        real(trace(Q));
+            c1 = (1/2.)*real(trace(Q*Q));
+            c2 = (1/3.)*real(trace(Q*Q*Q));
+            S  = (1/3.)*c1-(1/18.)*c0*c0;
+            if (norm2(S)<1e-28) {
+                g0 = (1/3.)*c0; g1 = g0; g2 = g1;
+            } else {
+                R     = (1/2.)*c2-(1/3. )*c0*c1+(1/27.)*c0*c0*c0;
+                theta = acos(R*pow(S,-1.5));
+                g0    = (1/3.)*c0+2.*sqrt(S)*cos((1/3.)*theta-2*M_PI/3.);
+                g1    = (1/3.)*c0+2.*sqrt(S)*cos((1/3.)*theta          );
+                g2    = (1/3.)*c0+2.*sqrt(S)*cos((1/3.)*theta+2*M_PI/3.);
+            }
+//            if (fabs(Q.determinant()/(g0*g1*g2)-1.0) > 1e-5) { SVD }
+            u     = sqrt(g0) + sqrt(g1) + sqrt(g2);
+            v     = sqrt(g0*g1) + sqrt(g0*g2) + sqrt(g1*g2);
+            w     = sqrt(g0*g1*g2);
+            den   = w*(u*v-w);
+            f0    = (-w*(u*u+v)+u*v*v)/den;
+            f1    = (-w-u*u*u+2.*u*v)/den;
+            f2    = u/den;
+            id_3  = 1.;
+
+            sqrtQinv = f0*id_3 + f1*Q + f2*Q*Q;
+
+            PokeIndex<LorentzIndex>(u_proj, V*sqrtQinv, mu);
+        }
+    };
+
+
+//    void derivative(const GaugeField& Gauge) const {
+//    };
+};
+
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/qcd/smearing/Smearing.h

@@ -5,4 +5,5 @@
 #include <Grid/qcd/smearing/StoutSmearing.h>
 #include <Grid/qcd/smearing/GaugeConfiguration.h>
 #include <Grid/qcd/smearing/WilsonFlow.h>
+#include <Grid/qcd/smearing/HISQSmearing.h>
 

Grid/stencil/GeneralLocalStencil.h

@@ -137,5 +137,55 @@ public:
   
 };
 
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Some machinery to streamline making a stencil 
+////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+class shiftSignal {
+public:
+    enum {
+        BACKWARD_CONST = 16,
+        NO_SHIFT       = -1
+    };
+};
+
+// TODO: put a check somewhere that BACKWARD_CONST > Nd!
+
+/*!  @brief signals that you want to go backwards in direction dir */
+inline int Back(const int dir) {
+    // generalShift will use BACKWARD_CONST to determine whether we step forward or 
+    // backward. Trick inspired by SIMULATeQCD. 
+    return dir + shiftSignal::BACKWARD_CONST;
+}
+
+/*!  @brief shift one unit in direction dir */
+template<typename... Args>
+void generalShift(Coordinate& shift, int dir) {
+    if (dir >= shiftSignal::BACKWARD_CONST) {
+        dir -= shiftSignal::BACKWARD_CONST;
+        shift[dir]+=-1;
+    } else if (dir == shiftSignal::NO_SHIFT) {
+        ; // do nothing
+    } else {
+        shift[dir]+=1;
+    }
+}
+
+/*!  @brief follow a path of directions, shifting one unit in each direction */
+template<typename... Args>
+void generalShift(Coordinate& shift, int dir, Args... args) {
+    if (dir >= shiftSignal::BACKWARD_CONST) {
+        dir -= shiftSignal::BACKWARD_CONST;
+        shift[dir]+=-1;
+    } else if (dir == shiftSignal::NO_SHIFT) {
+        ; // do nothing
+    } else {
+        shift[dir]+=1;
+    }
+    generalShift(shift, args...);
+}
+
+
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
 

benchmarks/Benchmark_usqcd.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,963 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+
+    Source file: ./benchmarks/Benchmark_usqcd.cc
+
+    Copyright (C) 2015
+
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: paboyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+    *************************************************************************************/
+    /*  END LEGAL */
+#include <Grid/Grid.h>
+#include <Grid/algorithms/blas/BatchedBlas.h>
+
+using namespace Grid;
+
+std::vector<int> L_list;
+std::vector<int> Ls_list;
+std::vector<double> mflop_list;
+
+double mflop_ref;
+double mflop_ref_err;
+
+int NN_global;
+
+FILE * FP;
+
+struct time_statistics{
+  double mean;
+  double err;
+  double min;
+  double max;
+
+  void statistics(std::vector<double> v){
+      double sum = std::accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0.0);
+      mean = sum / v.size();
+
+      std::vector<double> diff(v.size());
+      std::transform(v.begin(), v.end(), diff.begin(), [=](double x) { return x - mean; });
+      double sq_sum = std::inner_product(diff.begin(), diff.end(), diff.begin(), 0.0);
+      err = std::sqrt(sq_sum / (v.size()*(v.size() - 1)));
+
+      auto result = std::minmax_element(v.begin(), v.end());
+      min = *result.first;
+      max = *result.second;
+}
+};
+
+void comms_header(){
+  std::cout <<GridLogMessage << " L  "<<"\t"<<" Ls  "<<"\t"
+            <<"bytes\t MB/s uni (err/min/max) \t\t MB/s bidi (err/min/max)"<<std::endl;
+};
+
+struct controls {
+  int Opt;
+  int CommsOverlap;
+  Grid::CartesianCommunicator::CommunicatorPolicy_t CommsAsynch;
+};
+
+class Benchmark {
+public:
+  static void Decomposition (void ) {
+
+    int threads = GridThread::GetThreads();
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "= Grid is setup to use "<<threads<<" threads"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"Grid Default Decomposition patterns\n";
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"\tOpenMP threads : "<<GridThread::GetThreads()<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"\tMPI tasks      : "<<GridCmdVectorIntToString(GridDefaultMpi())<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"\tvReal          : "<<sizeof(vReal )*8    <<"bits ; " <<GridCmdVectorIntToString(GridDefaultSimd(4,vReal::Nsimd()))<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"\tvRealF         : "<<sizeof(vRealF)*8    <<"bits ; " <<GridCmdVectorIntToString(GridDefaultSimd(4,vRealF::Nsimd()))<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"\tvRealD         : "<<sizeof(vRealD)*8    <<"bits ; " <<GridCmdVectorIntToString(GridDefaultSimd(4,vRealD::Nsimd()))<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"\tvComplex       : "<<sizeof(vComplex )*8 <<"bits ; " <<GridCmdVectorIntToString(GridDefaultSimd(4,vComplex::Nsimd()))<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"\tvComplexF      : "<<sizeof(vComplexF)*8 <<"bits ; " <<GridCmdVectorIntToString(GridDefaultSimd(4,vComplexF::Nsimd()))<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"\tvComplexD      : "<<sizeof(vComplexD)*8 <<"bits ; " <<GridCmdVectorIntToString(GridDefaultSimd(4,vComplexD::Nsimd()))<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+
+  }
+
+  static void Comms(void)
+  {
+    int Nloop=200;
+    int nmu=0;
+    int maxlat=32;
+
+    Coordinate simd_layout = GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexD::Nsimd());
+    Coordinate mpi_layout  = GridDefaultMpi();
+
+    for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++) if (mpi_layout[mu]>1) nmu++;
+
+    std::vector<double> t_time(Nloop);
+    time_statistics timestat;
+
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "===================================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "= Benchmarking threaded STENCIL halo exchange in "<<nmu<<" dimensions"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "===================================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    comms_header();
+
+    fprintf(FP,"Communications\n\n");
+    fprintf(FP,"Packet bytes, direction, GB/s per node\n");
+    for(int lat=16;lat<=maxlat;lat+=8){
+      //      for(int Ls=8;Ls<=8;Ls*=2){
+      { int Ls=12;
+
+	Coordinate latt_size  ({lat*mpi_layout[0],
+	      lat*mpi_layout[1],
+	      lat*mpi_layout[2],
+	      lat*mpi_layout[3]});
+
+	GridCartesian     Grid(latt_size,simd_layout,mpi_layout);
+	RealD Nrank = Grid._Nprocessors;
+	RealD Nnode = Grid.NodeCount();
+	RealD ppn = Nrank/Nnode;
+
+	std::vector<HalfSpinColourVectorD *> xbuf(8);
+	std::vector<HalfSpinColourVectorD *> rbuf(8);
+	//Grid.ShmBufferFreeAll();
+	uint64_t bytes=lat*lat*lat*Ls*sizeof(HalfSpinColourVectorD);
+	for(int d=0;d<8;d++){
+	  xbuf[d] = (HalfSpinColourVectorD *)acceleratorAllocDevice(bytes);
+	  rbuf[d] = (HalfSpinColourVectorD *)acceleratorAllocDevice(bytes);
+	  //	  bzero((void *)xbuf[d],lat*lat*lat*Ls*sizeof(HalfSpinColourVectorD));
+	  //	  bzero((void *)rbuf[d],lat*lat*lat*Ls*sizeof(HalfSpinColourVectorD));
+	}
+
+	//	int ncomm;
+	double dbytes;
+
+        for(int dir=0;dir<8;dir++) {
+	  int mu =dir % 4;
+	  if (mpi_layout[mu]>1 ) {
+
+	    std::vector<double> times(Nloop);
+	    for(int i=0;i<Nloop;i++){
+
+	      dbytes=0;	        
+	      double start=usecond();
+	      int xmit_to_rank;
+	      int recv_from_rank;
+
+	      if ( dir == mu ) { 
+		int comm_proc=1;
+		Grid.ShiftedRanks(mu,comm_proc,xmit_to_rank,recv_from_rank);
+	      } else { 
+		int comm_proc = mpi_layout[mu]-1;
+		Grid.ShiftedRanks(mu,comm_proc,xmit_to_rank,recv_from_rank);
+	      }
+	      Grid.SendToRecvFrom((void *)&xbuf[dir][0], xmit_to_rank,
+				  (void *)&rbuf[dir][0], recv_from_rank,
+				  bytes);
+	      dbytes+=bytes;
+	     
+	      double stop=usecond();
+	      t_time[i] = stop-start; // microseconds
+
+	    }
+	    timestat.statistics(t_time);
+	  
+	    dbytes=dbytes*ppn;
+	    double xbytes    = dbytes*0.5;
+	    double bidibytes = dbytes;
+	  
+	    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << lat<<"\t"<<Ls<<"\t "
+		     << bytes << " \t "
+		     <<xbytes/timestat.mean<<" \t "<< xbytes*timestat.err/(timestat.mean*timestat.mean)<< " \t "
+		     <<xbytes/timestat.max <<" "<< xbytes/timestat.min  
+		     << "\t\t"<< bidibytes/timestat.mean<< "  " << bidibytes*timestat.err/(timestat.mean*timestat.mean) << " "
+		     << bidibytes/timestat.max << " " << bidibytes/timestat.min << std::endl;
+	    fprintf(FP,"%ld, %d, %f\n",(long)bytes,dir,bidibytes/timestat.mean/1000.);
+	  }
+	}
+	for(int d=0;d<8;d++){
+	  acceleratorFreeDevice(xbuf[d]);
+	  acceleratorFreeDevice(rbuf[d]);
+	}
+      }
+    }
+    fprintf(FP,"\n\n");
+    
+    return;
+  }
+
+  
+  static void Memory(void)
+  {
+    const int Nvec=8;
+    typedef Lattice< iVector< vReal,Nvec> > LatticeVec;
+    typedef iVector<vReal,Nvec> Vec;
+
+    Coordinate simd_layout = GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vReal::Nsimd());
+    Coordinate mpi_layout  = GridDefaultMpi();
+
+    fprintf(FP,"Memory Bandwidth\n\n");
+    fprintf(FP,"Bytes, GB/s per node\n");
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "= Benchmarking a*x + y bandwidth"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "  L  "<<"\t\t"<<"bytes"<<"\t\t\t"<<"GB/s"<<"\t\t"<<"Gflop/s"<<"\t\t seconds"<< "\t\tGB/s / node"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "----------------------------------------------------------"<<std::endl;
+  
+    //    uint64_t NP;
+    uint64_t NN;
+
+
+  uint64_t lmax=32;
+#define NLOOP (1000*lmax*lmax*lmax*lmax/lat/lat/lat/lat)
+
+    GridSerialRNG          sRNG;      sRNG.SeedFixedIntegers(std::vector<int>({45,12,81,9}));
+    for(int lat=8;lat<=lmax;lat+=8){
+
+      Coordinate latt_size  ({lat*mpi_layout[0],lat*mpi_layout[1],lat*mpi_layout[2],lat*mpi_layout[3]});
+      int64_t vol= latt_size[0]*latt_size[1]*latt_size[2]*latt_size[3];
+
+      GridCartesian     Grid(latt_size,simd_layout,mpi_layout);
+
+      //      NP= Grid.RankCount();
+      NN =Grid.NodeCount();
+
+      Vec rn ; random(sRNG,rn);
+
+      LatticeVec z(&Grid); z=Zero();
+      LatticeVec x(&Grid); x=Zero();
+      LatticeVec y(&Grid); y=Zero();
+      double a=2.0;
+
+      uint64_t Nloop=NLOOP;
+
+      double start=usecond();
+      for(int i=0;i<Nloop;i++){
+	z=a*x-y;
+      }
+      double stop=usecond();
+      double time = (stop-start)/Nloop*1000;
+     
+      double flops=vol*Nvec*2;// mul,add
+      double bytes=3.0*vol*Nvec*sizeof(Real);
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<std::setprecision(3) 
+	       << lat<<"\t\t"<<bytes<<"   \t\t"<<bytes/time<<"\t\t"<<flops/time<<"\t\t"<<(stop-start)/1000./1000.
+	       << "\t\t"<< bytes/time/NN <<std::endl;
+
+      fprintf(FP,"%ld, %f\n",(long)bytes,bytes/time/NN/1000.);
+
+    }
+    fprintf(FP,"\n\n");
+  };
+
+
+  static void BLAS(void)
+  {
+    //int nbasis, int nrhs, int coarseVol
+    int  basis[] = { 16,32,64 };
+    int  rhs[]   = { 8,16,32 };
+    int  vols[]  = { 4*4*4*4, 8*8*8*8, 8*8*16*16 };
+
+    GridBLAS blas;
+    
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "= batched GEMM (double precision) "<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "  M  "<<"\t\t"<<"N"<<"\t\t\t"<<"K"<<"\t\t"<<"Gflop/s / node (coarse mrhs)"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "----------------------------------------------------------"<<std::endl;
+  
+    fprintf(FP,"GEMM\n\n M, N, K, BATCH, GF/s per rank\n");
+
+    for(int b=0;b<3;b++){
+    for(int r=0;r<3;r++){
+    for(int v=0;v<3;v++){
+      int M=basis[b];
+      int N=rhs[r];
+      int K=basis[b];
+      int BATCH=vols[v];
+      double p=blas.benchmark(M,rhs[r],vols[v],1);
+
+      fprintf(FP,"%d, %d, %d, %d, %f\n", M, N, K, BATCH, p);
+      
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<std::setprecision(3) 
+	       << M<<"\t\t"<<N<<"\t\t"<<K<<"\t\t"<<BATCH<<"\t\t"<<p<<std::endl;
+    }}}
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "----------------------------------------------------------"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "  M  "<<"\t\t"<<"N"<<"\t\t\t"<<"K"<<"\t\t"<<"Gflop/s / node (block project)"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "----------------------------------------------------------"<<std::endl;
+    for(int b=0;b<3;b++){
+    for(int r=0;r<3;r++){
+    for(int v=0;v<2;v++){
+      int M=basis[b];
+      int N=rhs[r];
+      int K=vols[2];
+      int BATCH=vols[v];
+      double p=blas.benchmark(M,rhs[r],vols[v],1);
+
+      fprintf(FP,"%d, %d, %d, %d, %f\n", M, N, K, BATCH, p);
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<std::setprecision(3) 
+	       << M<<"\t\t"<<N<<"\t\t"<<K<<"\t\t"<<BATCH<<"\t\t"<<p<<std::endl;
+    }}}
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "----------------------------------------------------------"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "  M  "<<"\t\t"<<"N"<<"\t\t\t"<<"K"<<"\t\t"<<"Gflop/s / node (block promote)"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "----------------------------------------------------------"<<std::endl;
+    for(int b=0;b<3;b++){
+    for(int r=0;r<3;r++){
+    for(int v=0;v<2;v++){
+      int M=rhs[r];
+      int N=vols[2];
+      int K=basis[b];
+      int BATCH=vols[v];
+      double p=blas.benchmark(M,rhs[r],vols[v],1);
+
+      fprintf(FP,"%d, %d, %d, %d, %f\n", M, N, K, BATCH, p);
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<std::setprecision(3) 
+	       << M<<"\t\t"<<N<<"\t\t"<<K<<"\t\t"<<BATCH<<"\t\t"<<p<<std::endl;
+    }}}
+    fprintf(FP,"\n\n\n");
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+  };
+  
+
+  static void SU4(void)
+  {
+    const int Nc4=4;
+    typedef Lattice< iMatrix< vComplexF,Nc4> > LatticeSU4;
+
+    Coordinate simd_layout = GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexF::Nsimd());
+    Coordinate mpi_layout  = GridDefaultMpi();
+    
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "= Benchmarking z = y*x SU(4) bandwidth"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "  L  "<<"\t\t"<<"bytes"<<"\t\t\t"<<"GB/s"<<"\t\t"<<"Gflop/s"<<"\t\t seconds"<< "\t\tGB/s / node"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "----------------------------------------------------------"<<std::endl;
+  
+    uint64_t NN;
+
+
+    uint64_t lmax=32;
+
+    GridSerialRNG          sRNG;      sRNG.SeedFixedIntegers(std::vector<int>({45,12,81,9}));
+    for(int lat=8;lat<=lmax;lat+=8){
+
+      Coordinate latt_size  ({lat*mpi_layout[0],lat*mpi_layout[1],lat*mpi_layout[2],lat*mpi_layout[3]});
+      int64_t vol= latt_size[0]*latt_size[1]*latt_size[2]*latt_size[3];
+
+      GridCartesian     Grid(latt_size,simd_layout,mpi_layout);
+
+      NN =Grid.NodeCount();
+
+
+      LatticeSU4 z(&Grid); z=Zero();
+      LatticeSU4 x(&Grid); x=Zero();
+      LatticeSU4 y(&Grid); y=Zero();
+      //      double a=2.0;
+
+      uint64_t Nloop=NLOOP;
+
+      double start=usecond();
+      for(int i=0;i<Nloop;i++){
+	z=x*y;
+      }
+      double stop=usecond();
+      double time = (stop-start)/Nloop*1000;
+     
+      double flops=vol*Nc4*Nc4*(6+(Nc4-1)*8);// mul,add
+      double bytes=3.0*vol*Nc4*Nc4*2*sizeof(RealF);
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<std::setprecision(3) 
+	       << lat<<"\t\t"<<bytes<<"   \t\t"<<bytes/time<<"\t\t"<<flops/time<<"\t\t"<<(stop-start)/1000./1000.
+	       << "\t\t"<< bytes/time/NN <<std::endl;
+
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  static double DWF(int Ls,int L)
+  {
+    RealD mass=0.1;
+    RealD M5  =1.8;
+
+    double mflops;
+    double mflops_best = 0;
+    double mflops_worst= 0;
+    std::vector<double> mflops_all;
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Set/Get the layout & grid size
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    int threads = GridThread::GetThreads();
+    Coordinate mpi = GridDefaultMpi(); assert(mpi.size()==4);
+    Coordinate local({L,L,L,L});
+    Coordinate latt4({local[0]*mpi[0],local[1]*mpi[1],local[2]*mpi[2],local[3]*mpi[3]});
+
+    GridCartesian         * TmpGrid   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimGrid(latt4, 
+								       GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplex::Nsimd()),
+								       GridDefaultMpi());
+    uint64_t NP = TmpGrid->RankCount();
+    uint64_t NN = TmpGrid->NodeCount();
+    NN_global=NN;
+    uint64_t SHM=NP/NN;
+
+
+    ///////// Welcome message ////////////
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "Benchmark DWF on "<<L<<"^4 local volume "<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* Nc             : "<<Nc<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* Global volume  : "<<GridCmdVectorIntToString(latt4)<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* Ls             : "<<Ls<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* ranks          : "<<NP  <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* nodes          : "<<NN  <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* ranks/node     : "<<SHM <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* ranks geom     : "<<GridCmdVectorIntToString(mpi)<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* Using "<<threads<<" threads"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+
+    ///////// Lattice Init ////////////
+    GridCartesian         * UGrid   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimGrid(latt4, GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexF::Nsimd()),GridDefaultMpi());
+    GridRedBlackCartesian * UrbGrid = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimRedBlackGrid(UGrid);
+    GridCartesian         * FGrid   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimGrid(Ls,UGrid);
+    GridRedBlackCartesian * FrbGrid = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFiveDimRedBlackGrid(Ls,UGrid);
+
+    
+    ///////// RNG Init ////////////
+    std::vector<int> seeds4({1,2,3,4});
+    std::vector<int> seeds5({5,6,7,8});
+    GridParallelRNG          RNG4(UGrid);  RNG4.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds4);
+    GridParallelRNG          RNG5(FGrid);  RNG5.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds5);
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Initialised RNGs" << std::endl;
+
+    typedef DomainWallFermionF Action;
+    typedef typename Action::FermionField Fermion;
+    typedef LatticeGaugeFieldF Gauge;
+    
+    ///////// Source preparation ////////////
+    Gauge Umu(UGrid);  SU<Nc>::HotConfiguration(RNG4,Umu); 
+    Fermion src   (FGrid); random(RNG5,src);
+    Fermion src_e (FrbGrid);
+    Fermion src_o (FrbGrid);
+    Fermion r_e   (FrbGrid);
+    Fermion r_o   (FrbGrid);
+    Fermion r_eo  (FGrid);
+    Action Dw(Umu,*FGrid,*FrbGrid,*UGrid,*UrbGrid,mass,M5);
+
+    {
+
+      pickCheckerboard(Even,src_e,src);
+      pickCheckerboard(Odd,src_o,src);
+
+      const int num_cases = 1;
+      std::string fmt("G/S/C ; G/O/C ; G/S/S ; G/O/S ");
+
+      controls Cases [] = {
+	{  WilsonKernelsStatic::OptGeneric   ,  WilsonKernelsStatic::CommsAndCompute  ,CartesianCommunicator::CommunicatorPolicyConcurrent }
+      }; 
+
+      for(int c=0;c<num_cases;c++) {
+	
+	WilsonKernelsStatic::Comms = Cases[c].CommsOverlap;
+	WilsonKernelsStatic::Opt   = Cases[c].Opt;
+	CartesianCommunicator::SetCommunicatorPolicy(Cases[c].CommsAsynch);
+
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+	if ( WilsonKernelsStatic::Opt == WilsonKernelsStatic::OptGeneric   ) std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "* Using GENERIC Nc WilsonKernels" <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "* SINGLE precision "<<std::endl;
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+
+	int nwarm = 10;
+	double t0=usecond();
+	FGrid->Barrier();
+	for(int i=0;i<nwarm;i++){
+	  Dw.DhopEO(src_o,r_e,DaggerNo);
+	}
+	FGrid->Barrier();
+	double t1=usecond();
+	uint64_t ncall = 500;
+
+	FGrid->Broadcast(0,&ncall,sizeof(ncall));
+
+	//	std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Estimate " << ncall << " calls per second"<<std::endl;
+
+	time_statistics timestat;
+	std::vector<double> t_time(ncall);
+	for(uint64_t i=0;i<ncall;i++){
+	  t0=usecond();
+	  Dw.DhopEO(src_o,r_e,DaggerNo);
+	  t1=usecond();
+	  t_time[i] = t1-t0;
+	}
+	FGrid->Barrier();
+	
+	double volume=Ls;  for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++) volume=volume*latt4[mu];
+
+	// Nc=3 gives
+	// 1344= 3*(2*8+6)*2*8 + 8*3*2*2 + 3*4*2*8
+	// 1344 = Nc* (6+(Nc-1)*8)*2*Nd + Nd*Nc*2*2  + Nd*Nc*Ns*2
+	//	double flops=(1344.0*volume)/2;
+	double fps = Nc* (6+(Nc-1)*8)*Ns*Nd + 2*Nd*Nc*Ns  + 2*Nd*Nc*Ns*2;
+
+	double flops=(fps*volume)/2;
+	double mf_hi, mf_lo, mf_err;
+
+	timestat.statistics(t_time);
+	mf_hi = flops/timestat.min;
+	mf_lo = flops/timestat.max;
+	mf_err= flops/timestat.min * timestat.err/timestat.mean;
+
+	mflops = flops/timestat.mean;
+	mflops_all.push_back(mflops);
+	if ( mflops_best == 0   ) mflops_best = mflops;
+	if ( mflops_worst== 0   ) mflops_worst= mflops;
+	if ( mflops>mflops_best ) mflops_best = mflops;
+	if ( mflops<mflops_worst) mflops_worst= mflops;
+
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage<< "Deo FlopsPerSite is "<<fps<<std::endl;
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)<<"Deo mflop/s =   "<< mflops << " ("<<mf_err<<") " << mf_lo<<"-"<<mf_hi <<std::endl;
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)<<"Deo mflop/s per rank   "<< mflops/NP<<std::endl;
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)<<"Deo mflop/s per node   "<< mflops/NN<<std::endl;
+
+      }
+
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << L<<"^4 x "<<Ls<< " Deo Best  mflop/s        =   "<< mflops_best << " ; " << mflops_best/NN<<" per node " <<std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << L<<"^4 x "<<Ls<< " Deo Worst mflop/s        =   "<< mflops_worst<< " ; " << mflops_worst/NN<<" per node " <<std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage <<fmt << std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage ;
+
+      for(int i=0;i<mflops_all.size();i++){
+	std::cout<<mflops_all[i]/NN<<" ; " ;
+      }
+      std::cout<<std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+
+    }
+    return mflops_best;
+  }
+
+
+  static double Staggered(int L)
+  {
+    double mflops;
+    double mflops_best = 0;
+    double mflops_worst= 0;
+    std::vector<double> mflops_all;
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Set/Get the layout & grid size
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    int threads = GridThread::GetThreads();
+    Coordinate mpi = GridDefaultMpi(); assert(mpi.size()==4);
+    Coordinate local({L,L,L,L});
+    Coordinate latt4({local[0]*mpi[0],local[1]*mpi[1],local[2]*mpi[2],local[3]*mpi[3]});
+    
+    GridCartesian         * TmpGrid   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimGrid(latt4,
+								       GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplex::Nsimd()),
+								       GridDefaultMpi());
+    uint64_t NP = TmpGrid->RankCount();
+    uint64_t NN = TmpGrid->NodeCount();
+    NN_global=NN;
+    uint64_t SHM=NP/NN;
+
+
+    ///////// Welcome message ////////////
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "Benchmark ImprovedStaggered on "<<L<<"^4 local volume "<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* Global volume  : "<<GridCmdVectorIntToString(latt4)<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* ranks          : "<<NP  <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* nodes          : "<<NN  <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* ranks/node     : "<<SHM <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* ranks geom     : "<<GridCmdVectorIntToString(mpi)<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* Using "<<threads<<" threads"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+
+    ///////// Lattice Init ////////////
+    GridCartesian         * FGrid   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimGrid(latt4, GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexF::Nsimd()),GridDefaultMpi());
+    GridRedBlackCartesian * FrbGrid = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimRedBlackGrid(FGrid);
+    
+    ///////// RNG Init ////////////
+    std::vector<int> seeds4({1,2,3,4});
+    GridParallelRNG          RNG4(FGrid);  RNG4.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds4);
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Initialised RNGs" << std::endl;
+
+    RealD mass=0.1;
+    RealD c1=9.0/8.0;
+    RealD c2=-1.0/24.0;
+    RealD u0=1.0;
+
+    typedef ImprovedStaggeredFermionF Action;
+    typedef typename Action::FermionField Fermion; 
+    typedef LatticeGaugeFieldF Gauge;
+    
+    Gauge Umu(FGrid);  SU<Nc>::HotConfiguration(RNG4,Umu); 
+
+    typename Action::ImplParams params;
+    Action Ds(Umu,Umu,*FGrid,*FrbGrid,mass,c1,c2,u0,params);
+
+    ///////// Source preparation ////////////
+    Fermion src   (FGrid); random(RNG4,src);
+    Fermion src_e (FrbGrid);
+    Fermion src_o (FrbGrid);
+    Fermion r_e   (FrbGrid);
+    Fermion r_o   (FrbGrid);
+    Fermion r_eo  (FGrid);
+  
+    {
+
+      pickCheckerboard(Even,src_e,src);
+      pickCheckerboard(Odd,src_o,src);
+    
+      const int num_cases = 1;
+      std::string fmt("G/S/C ; G/O/C ; G/S/S ; G/O/S ");
+      
+      controls Cases [] = {
+	{  StaggeredKernelsStatic::OptGeneric   ,  StaggeredKernelsStatic::CommsAndCompute  ,CartesianCommunicator::CommunicatorPolicyConcurrent  },
+      }; 
+
+      for(int c=0;c<num_cases;c++) {
+	
+	StaggeredKernelsStatic::Comms = Cases[c].CommsOverlap;
+	StaggeredKernelsStatic::Opt   = Cases[c].Opt;
+	CartesianCommunicator::SetCommunicatorPolicy(Cases[c].CommsAsynch);
+      
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+	if ( StaggeredKernelsStatic::Opt == StaggeredKernelsStatic::OptGeneric   ) std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "* Using GENERIC Nc StaggeredKernels" <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "* SINGLE precision "<<std::endl;
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+	
+	int nwarm = 10;
+	double t0=usecond();
+	FGrid->Barrier();
+	for(int i=0;i<nwarm;i++){
+	  Ds.DhopEO(src_o,r_e,DaggerNo);
+	}
+	FGrid->Barrier();
+	double t1=usecond();
+	uint64_t ncall = 500;
+
+	FGrid->Broadcast(0,&ncall,sizeof(ncall));
+
+	//	std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Estimate " << ncall << " calls per second"<<std::endl;
+
+	time_statistics timestat;
+	std::vector<double> t_time(ncall);
+	for(uint64_t i=0;i<ncall;i++){
+	  t0=usecond();
+	  Ds.DhopEO(src_o,r_e,DaggerNo);
+	  t1=usecond();
+	  t_time[i] = t1-t0;
+	}
+	FGrid->Barrier();
+	
+	double volume=1;  for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++) volume=volume*latt4[mu];
+	double flops=(1146.0*volume)/2;
+	double mf_hi, mf_lo, mf_err;
+	
+	timestat.statistics(t_time);
+	mf_hi = flops/timestat.min;
+	mf_lo = flops/timestat.max;
+	mf_err= flops/timestat.min * timestat.err/timestat.mean;
+
+	mflops = flops/timestat.mean;
+	mflops_all.push_back(mflops);
+	if ( mflops_best == 0   ) mflops_best = mflops;
+	if ( mflops_worst== 0   ) mflops_worst= mflops;
+	if ( mflops>mflops_best ) mflops_best = mflops;
+	if ( mflops<mflops_worst) mflops_worst= mflops;
+	
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)<<"Deo mflop/s =   "<< mflops << " ("<<mf_err<<") " << mf_lo<<"-"<<mf_hi <<std::endl;
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)<<"Deo mflop/s per rank   "<< mflops/NP<<std::endl;
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)<<"Deo mflop/s per node   "<< mflops/NN<<std::endl;
+      
+      }
+
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << L<<"^4  Deo Best  mflop/s        =   "<< mflops_best << " ; " << mflops_best/NN<<" per node " <<std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << L<<"^4  Deo Worst mflop/s        =   "<< mflops_worst<< " ; " << mflops_worst/NN<<" per node " <<std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage <<fmt << std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage ;
+
+      for(int i=0;i<mflops_all.size();i++){
+	std::cout<<mflops_all[i]/NN<<" ; " ;
+      }
+      std::cout<<std::endl;
+    }
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    return mflops_best;
+  }
+
+  static double Clover(int L)
+  {
+    double mflops;
+    double mflops_best = 0;
+    double mflops_worst= 0;
+    std::vector<double> mflops_all;
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Set/Get the layout & grid size
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    int threads = GridThread::GetThreads();
+    Coordinate mpi = GridDefaultMpi(); assert(mpi.size()==4);
+    Coordinate local({L,L,L,L});
+    Coordinate latt4({local[0]*mpi[0],local[1]*mpi[1],local[2]*mpi[2],local[3]*mpi[3]});
+    
+    GridCartesian         * TmpGrid   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimGrid(latt4,
+								       GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplex::Nsimd()),
+								       GridDefaultMpi());
+    uint64_t NP = TmpGrid->RankCount();
+    uint64_t NN = TmpGrid->NodeCount();
+    NN_global=NN;
+    uint64_t SHM=NP/NN;
+
+
+    ///////// Welcome message ////////////
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "Benchmark Clover on "<<L<<"^4 local volume "<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* Global volume  : "<<GridCmdVectorIntToString(latt4)<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* ranks          : "<<NP  <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* nodes          : "<<NN  <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* ranks/node     : "<<SHM <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* ranks geom     : "<<GridCmdVectorIntToString(mpi)<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "* Using "<<threads<<" threads"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+
+    ///////// Lattice Init ////////////
+    GridCartesian         * FGrid   = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimGrid(latt4, GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexF::Nsimd()),GridDefaultMpi());
+    GridRedBlackCartesian * FrbGrid = SpaceTimeGrid::makeFourDimRedBlackGrid(FGrid);
+    
+    ///////// RNG Init ////////////
+    std::vector<int> seeds4({1,2,3,4});
+    GridParallelRNG          RNG4(FGrid);  RNG4.SeedFixedIntegers(seeds4);
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Initialised RNGs" << std::endl;
+
+    RealD mass=0.1;
+    RealD csw=1.0;
+
+    typedef WilsonCloverFermionF Action;
+    typedef typename Action::FermionField Fermion; 
+    typedef LatticeGaugeFieldF Gauge;
+    
+    Gauge Umu(FGrid);  SU<Nc>::HotConfiguration(RNG4,Umu); 
+
+    Action Dc(Umu,*FGrid,*FrbGrid,mass,csw,csw);
+
+    ///////// Source preparation ////////////
+    Fermion src   (FGrid); random(RNG4,src);
+    Fermion r     (FGrid);
+  
+    {
+
+      const int num_cases = 1;
+      std::string fmt("G/S/C ; G/O/C ; G/S/S ; G/O/S ");
+      
+      controls Cases [] = {
+	{  WilsonKernelsStatic::OptGeneric   ,  WilsonKernelsStatic::CommsAndCompute  ,CartesianCommunicator::CommunicatorPolicyConcurrent  },
+      }; 
+
+      for(int c=0;c<num_cases;c++) {
+	
+	WilsonKernelsStatic::Comms = Cases[c].CommsOverlap;
+	WilsonKernelsStatic::Opt   = Cases[c].Opt;
+	CartesianCommunicator::SetCommunicatorPolicy(Cases[c].CommsAsynch);
+      
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "* SINGLE precision "<<std::endl;
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+	
+	int nwarm = 10;
+	double t0=usecond();
+	FGrid->Barrier();
+	for(int i=0;i<nwarm;i++){
+	  Dc.M(src,r);
+	}
+	FGrid->Barrier();
+	double t1=usecond();
+	uint64_t ncall = 500;
+
+	FGrid->Broadcast(0,&ncall,sizeof(ncall));
+
+	//	std::cout << GridLogMessage << " Estimate " << ncall << " calls per second"<<std::endl;
+
+	time_statistics timestat;
+	std::vector<double> t_time(ncall);
+	for(uint64_t i=0;i<ncall;i++){
+	  t0=usecond();
+	  Dc.M(src,r);
+	  t1=usecond();
+	  t_time[i] = t1-t0;
+	}
+	FGrid->Barrier();
+	
+	double volume=1;  for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++) volume=volume*latt4[mu];
+	double flops=(1344+ 24+6*6*8*2)*volume;
+	double mf_hi, mf_lo, mf_err;
+	
+	timestat.statistics(t_time);
+	mf_hi = flops/timestat.min;
+	mf_lo = flops/timestat.max;
+	mf_err= flops/timestat.min * timestat.err/timestat.mean;
+
+	mflops = flops/timestat.mean;
+	mflops_all.push_back(mflops);
+	if ( mflops_best == 0   ) mflops_best = mflops;
+	if ( mflops_worst== 0   ) mflops_worst= mflops;
+	if ( mflops>mflops_best ) mflops_best = mflops;
+	if ( mflops<mflops_worst) mflops_worst= mflops;
+	
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)<<"Dclov mflop/s =   "<< mflops << " ("<<mf_err<<") " << mf_lo<<"-"<<mf_hi <<std::endl;
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)<<"Dclov mflop/s per rank   "<< mflops/NP<<std::endl;
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)<<"Dclov mflop/s per node   "<< mflops/NN<<std::endl;
+      
+      }
+
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << L<<"^4  Deo Best  mflop/s        =   "<< mflops_best << " ; " << mflops_best/NN<<" per node " <<std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << L<<"^4  Deo Worst mflop/s        =   "<< mflops_worst<< " ; " << mflops_worst/NN<<" per node " <<std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage <<fmt << std::endl;
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage ;
+
+      for(int i=0;i<mflops_all.size();i++){
+	std::cout<<mflops_all[i]/NN<<" ; " ;
+      }
+      std::cout<<std::endl;
+    }
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    return mflops_best;
+  }
+};
+
+
+
+
+int main (int argc, char ** argv)
+{
+  Grid_init(&argc,&argv);
+
+  if (GlobalSharedMemory::WorldRank==0) { 
+    FP = fopen("Benchmark_usqcd.csv","w");
+  } else {
+    FP = fopen("/dev/null","w");
+  }
+
+  CartesianCommunicator::SetCommunicatorPolicy(CartesianCommunicator::CommunicatorPolicySequential);
+#ifdef KNL
+  LebesgueOrder::Block = std::vector<int>({8,2,2,2});
+#else
+  LebesgueOrder::Block = std::vector<int>({2,2,2,2});
+#endif
+  Benchmark::Decomposition();
+
+  int do_su4=0;
+  int do_memory=1;
+  int do_comms =1;
+  int do_blas  =1;
+
+  int sel=4;
+  std::vector<int> L_list({8,12,16,24,32});
+  int selm1=sel-1;
+
+  std::vector<double> clover;
+  std::vector<double> dwf4;
+  std::vector<double> staggered;
+
+  int Ls=1;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " Clover dslash 4D vectorised" <<std::endl;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+  for(int l=0;l<L_list.size();l++){
+    clover.push_back(Benchmark::Clover(L_list[l]));
+  }
+
+  Ls=12;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " Domain wall dslash 4D vectorised" <<std::endl;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+  for(int l=0;l<L_list.size();l++){
+    double result = Benchmark::DWF(Ls,L_list[l]) ;
+    dwf4.push_back(result);
+  }
+
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " Improved Staggered dslash 4D vectorised" <<std::endl;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+  for(int l=0;l<L_list.size();l++){
+    double result = Benchmark::Staggered(L_list[l]) ;
+    staggered.push_back(result);
+  }
+
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " Summary table Ls="<<Ls <<std::endl;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "L \t\t Clover \t\t DWF4 \t\t Staggered" <<std::endl;
+  for(int l=0;l<L_list.size();l++){
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << L_list[l] <<" \t\t "<< clover[l]<<" \t\t "<<dwf4[l] << " \t\t "<< staggered[l]<<std::endl;
+  }
+  std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+
+  int NN=NN_global;
+  if ( do_memory ) {
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " Memory benchmark " <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    Benchmark::Memory();
+  }
+
+  if ( do_blas ) {
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA) || defined(GRID_HIP)    
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " Batched BLAS benchmark " <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    Benchmark::BLAS();
+#endif
+  }
+
+  if ( do_su4 ) {
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " SU(4) benchmark " <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    Benchmark::SU4();
+  }
+  
+  if ( do_comms ) {
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " Communications benchmark " <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    Benchmark::Comms();
+  }
+
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " Per Node Summary table Ls="<<Ls <<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " L \t\t Clover\t\t DWF4\t\t Staggered (GF/s per node)" <<std::endl;
+    fprintf(FP,"Per node summary table\n");
+    fprintf(FP,"\n");
+    fprintf(FP,"L , Wilson, DWF4, Staggered\n");
+    fprintf(FP,"\n");
+    for(int l=0;l<L_list.size();l++){
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage << L_list[l] <<" \t\t "<< clover[l]/NN<<" \t "<<dwf4[l]/NN<< " \t "<<staggered[l]/NN<<std::endl;
+      fprintf(FP,"%d , %.0f, %.0f, %.0f\n",L_list[l],clover[l]/NN/1000.,dwf4[l]/NN/1000.,staggered[l]/NN/1000.);
+    }
+    fprintf(FP,"\n");
+
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " Comparison point     result: "  << 0.5*(dwf4[sel]+dwf4[selm1])/NN << " Mflop/s per node"<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << " Comparison point is 0.5*("<<dwf4[sel]/NN<<"+"<<dwf4[selm1]/NN << ") "<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<std::setprecision(3);
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage << "=================================================================================="<<std::endl;
+
+  Grid_finalize();
+  fclose(FP);
+}

examples/Example_plaquette.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/* 
+ * Example_plaquette.cc                                                               
+ * 
+ * D. Clarke 
+ * 
+ * Here I just want to create an incredibly simple main to get started with GRID and get used
+ * to its syntax. If the reader is like me, they vaguely understand something about lattice coding,
+ * they don't know a ton of C++, don't know much of the fine details, and certainly know nothing about GRID.
+ *
+ * Once you've made a new executable, like this one, you can bootstrap.sh again. At this point,
+ * the code should be able to find your new executable. You can tell that bootstrap.sh worked by
+ * having a look at Make.inc. You should see your executable inside there.
+ *
+ * Warning: This code illustrative only, not well tested, and not meant for production use. The best
+ * way to read this code is to start at the main.
+ * 
+ */
+
+
+// All your mains should have this
+#include <Grid/Grid.h>
+using namespace Grid;
+
+
+// This copies what already exists in WilsonLoops.h. The point here is to be pedagogical and explain in
+// detail what everything does so we can see how GRID works.
+template <class Gimpl> class WLoops : public Gimpl {
+public:
+    // Gimpl seems to be an arbitrary class. Within this class, it is expected that certain types are
+    // already defined, things like Scalar and Field. This macro includes a bunch of #typedefs that
+    // implement this equivalence at compile time.
+    INHERIT_GIMPL_TYPES(Gimpl);
+
+    // Some example Gimpls can be found in GaugeImplementations.h, at the bottom. These are in turn built
+    // out of GaugeImplTypes, which can be found in GaugeImplTypes.h. The GaugeImplTypes contain the base
+    // field/vector/link/whatever types. These inherit from iScalar, iVector, and iMatrix objects, which
+    // are sort of the building blocks for gerenal math objects. The "i" at the beginning of these names
+    // indicates that they should be for internal use only. It seems like these base types have the
+    // acceleration, e.g. SIMD or GPU or what-have-you, abstracted away. How you accelerate these things
+    // appears to be controlled through a template parameter called vtype.
+
+    // The general math/physics objects, such as a color matrix, are built up by nesting these objects.
+    // For instance a general color matrix has two color indices, so it's built up like
+    //     iScalar<iScalar<iMatrix<vtype ...
+    // where the levels going from the inside out are color, spin, then Lorentz indices. Scalars have
+    // no indices, so it's what we use when such an index isn't needed. Lattice objects are made by one
+    // higher level of indexing using iVector.
+
+    // These types will be used for U and U_mu objects, respectively.
+    typedef typename Gimpl::GaugeLinkField GaugeMat;
+    typedef typename Gimpl::GaugeField GaugeLorentz;
+
+    // U_mu_nu(x)
+    static void dirPlaquette(GaugeMat &plaq, const std::vector<GaugeMat> &U, const int mu, const int nu) {
+        // Calls like CovShiftForward and CovShiftBackward have 3 arguments, and they multiply together
+        // the first and last argument. (Second arg gives the shift direction.) The CovShiftIdentityBackward
+        // has meanwhile only two arguments; it just returns the shifted (adjoint since backward) link. 
+        plaq = Gimpl::CovShiftForward(U[mu],mu,
+                   // Means Link*Cshift(field,mu,1), arguments are Link, mu, field in that order.
+                   Gimpl::CovShiftForward(U[nu],nu,
+                       Gimpl::CovShiftBackward(U[mu],mu,
+                           // This means Cshift(adj(Link), mu, -1)
+                           Gimpl::CovShiftIdentityBackward(U[nu], nu))));
+    }
+
+    // tr U_mu_nu(x)
+    static void traceDirPlaquette(ComplexField &plaq, const std::vector<GaugeMat> &U, const int mu, const int nu) {
+        // This .Grid() syntax seems to get the pointer to the GridBase. Apparently this is needed as argument
+        // to instantiate a Lattice object.
+        GaugeMat sp(U[0].Grid());
+        dirPlaquette(sp, U, mu, nu);
+        plaq = trace(sp);
+    }
+
+    // sum_mu_nu tr U_mu_nu(x)
+    static void sitePlaquette(ComplexField &Plaq, const std::vector<GaugeMat> &U) {
+        ComplexField sitePlaq(U[0].Grid());
+        Plaq = Zero();
+        // Nd=4 and Nc=3 are set as global constants in QCD.h
+        for (int mu = 1; mu < Nd; mu++) {
+            for (int nu = 0; nu < mu; nu++) {
+                traceDirPlaquette(sitePlaq, U, mu, nu);
+                Plaq = Plaq + sitePlaq;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // sum_mu_nu_x Re tr U_mu_nu(x)
+    static RealD sumPlaquette(const GaugeLorentz &Umu) {
+        std::vector<GaugeMat> U(Nd, Umu.Grid());
+        for (int mu = 0; mu < Nd; mu++) {
+            // Umu is a GaugeLorentz object, and as such has a non-trivial Lorentz index. We can
+            // access the element in the mu Lorentz index with this PeekIndex syntax.
+            U[mu] = PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(Umu, mu);
+        }
+        ComplexField Plaq(Umu.Grid());
+        sitePlaquette(Plaq, U);
+        // I guess this should be the line that sums over all space-time sites.
+        auto Tp = sum(Plaq);
+        // Until now, we have been working with objects inside the tensor nest. This TensorRemove gets
+        // rid of the tensor nest to return whatever is inside.
+        auto p  = TensorRemove(Tp);
+        return p.real();
+    }
+
+    // < Re tr U_mu_nu(x) >
+    static RealD avgPlaquette(const GaugeLorentz &Umu) {
+        // Real double type
+        RealD sumplaq = sumPlaquette(Umu);
+        // gSites() is the number of global sites. there is also lSites() for local sites.
+        double vol = Umu.Grid()->gSites();
+        // The number of orientations. 4*3/2=6 for Nd=4, as known.
+        double faces = (1.0 * Nd * (Nd - 1)) / 2.0;
+        return sumplaq / vol / faces / Nc;
+    }
+};
+
+
+// Next we show an example of how to construct an input parameter class. We first inherit
+// from Serializable. Then all class data members have to be defined using the
+// GRID_SERIALIZABLE_CLASS_MEMBERS macro. This variadic macro allows for arbitrarily many
+// class data members. In the below case, we make a parameter file holding the configuration
+// name. Here, it expects the name to be labeled with "conf_name" in the configuration file. 
+struct ConfParameters: Serializable {
+    GRID_SERIALIZABLE_CLASS_MEMBERS(
+        ConfParameters,
+        std::string, conf_name);
+
+    template <class ReaderClass>
+    ConfParameters(Reader<ReaderClass>& Reader){
+        // If we are reading an XML file, it should be structured like:
+        // <grid>
+        //   <parameters>
+        //     <conf_name>l20t20b06498a_nersc.302500</conf_name>
+        //   </parameters>
+        // </grid>
+        read(Reader, "parameters", *this);
+    }
+};
+
+
+
+// This syntax lets you pass command line arguments to main. An asterisk means that what follows is
+// a pointer. Two asterisks means what follows is a pointer to an array. 
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    // This initializes Grid. Some command line options include
+    //   --mpi n.n.n.n
+    //   --threads n
+    //   --grid n.n.n.n
+    Grid_init(&argc, &argv);
+
+    // This is where you would specify a custom lattice size, if not from the command line. Here
+    // Nd is a global quantity that is currently set to 4.
+    Coordinate simd_layout = GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplex::Nsimd());
+    Coordinate mpi_layout  = GridDefaultMpi();
+    Coordinate latt_size   = GridDefaultLatt();
+
+    // Instantiate the spacetime Grid on which everything will be built.
+    GridCartesian GRID(latt_size,simd_layout,mpi_layout);
+
+    // The PeriodicGimplD type is what you want for gauge matrices. There is also a LatticeGaugeFieldD
+    // type that you can use, which will work perfectly with what follows. 
+    PeriodicGimplD::Field U(&GRID);
+
+    // Here we read in the parameter file params.json to get conf_name. The last argument is what the
+    // top organizational level is called in the param file. 
+    XmlReader Reader("Example_plaquette.xml",false, "grid");
+    ConfParameters param(Reader);  
+
+    // Load a lattice from SIMULATeQCD into U. SIMULATeQCD finds plaquette = 0.6381995717
+    FieldMetaData header;
+    NerscIO::readConfiguration(U, header, param.conf_name);
+
+    // Let's see what we find.
+    RealD plaq = WLoops<PeriodicGimplD>::avgPlaquette(U);
+
+    // This is how you make log messages.
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<Real>::digits10 + 1) << "Plaquette = " << plaq << std::endl;
+
+    // To wrap things up.
+    Grid_finalize();
+}

systems/mac-arm/config-command-mpi

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-BREW=/opt/local/
+CXXFLAGS=-I/opt/local/include LDFLAGS=-L/opt/local/lib/ CXX=c++-13 MPICXX=mpicxx ../../configure --enable-simd=GEN --enable-comms=mpi-auto --enable-unified=yes --prefix $HOME/QCD/GridInstall --with-lime=/Users/peterboyle/QCD/SciDAC/install/ --with-openssl=$BREW --disable-fermion-reps --disable-gparity --disable-debug 
-MPICXX=mpicxx ../../configure --enable-simd=GEN --enable-comms=mpi-auto --enable-unified=yes --prefix $HOME/QCD/GridInstall --with-lime=/Users/peterboyle/QCD/SciDAC/install/ --with-openssl=$BREW --disable-fermion-reps --disable-gparity --disable-debug
 
 

tests/debug/Test_padded_cell.cc

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 using namespace std;
 using namespace Grid;
 
+// This is to optimize the SIMD
 template<class vobj> void gpermute(vobj & inout,int perm){
   vobj tmp=inout;
   if (perm & 0x1 ) { permute(inout,tmp,0); tmp=inout;}
@@ -39,7 +40,8 @@ template<class vobj> void gpermute(vobj & inout,int perm){
   if (perm & 0x4 ) { permute(inout,tmp,2); tmp=inout;}
   if (perm & 0x8 ) { permute(inout,tmp,3); tmp=inout;}
 }
-  
+
+
 int main (int argc, char ** argv)
 {
   Grid_init(&argc,&argv);
@@ -47,20 +49,21 @@ int main (int argc, char ** argv)
   Coordinate latt_size  = GridDefaultLatt();
   Coordinate simd_layout= GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexD::Nsimd());
   Coordinate mpi_layout = GridDefaultMpi();
-  std::cout << " mpi "<<mpi_layout<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " mpi "<<mpi_layout<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << " simd "<<simd_layout<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " simd "<<simd_layout<<std::endl;
-  std::cout << " latt "<<latt_size<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << " latt "<<latt_size<<std::endl;
   GridCartesian GRID(latt_size,simd_layout,mpi_layout);
 
+  // Initialize configuration as hot start.
   GridParallelRNG   pRNG(&GRID);
-  pRNG.SeedFixedIntegers(std::vector<int>({45,12,81,9}));
   LatticeGaugeField Umu(&GRID);
-
+  pRNG.SeedFixedIntegers(std::vector<int>({45,12,81,9}));
   SU<Nc>::HotConfiguration(pRNG,Umu);
 
   Real plaq=WilsonLoops<PeriodicGimplR>::avgPlaquette(Umu);
   LatticeComplex trplaq(&GRID);
 
+  // Store Umu in U. Peek/Poke mean respectively getElement/setElement.
   std::vector<LatticeColourMatrix> U(Nd, Umu.Grid());
   for (int mu = 0; mu < Nd; mu++) {
     U[mu] = PeekIndex<LorentzIndex>(Umu, mu);
@@ -70,9 +73,7 @@ int main (int argc, char ** argv)
 
   LatticeComplex cplaq(&GRID); cplaq=Zero();
 
-  /////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Create a padded cell of extra padding depth=1
-  /////////////////////////////////////////////////
   int depth = 1;
   PaddedCell Ghost(depth,&GRID);
   LatticeGaugeField Ughost = Ghost.Exchange(Umu);
@@ -114,18 +115,25 @@ int main (int argc, char ** argv)
   }
 #endif
 
-  ///// Array for the site plaquette
+  // Array for the site plaquette
   GridBase *GhostGrid = Ughost.Grid();
   LatticeComplex gplaq(GhostGrid); 
-  
+
+  // Now we're going to put together the "stencil" that will be useful to us when
+  // calculating the plaquette. Our eventual goal is to make the product
+  //    Umu(x) Unu(x+mu) Umu^dag(x+nu) Unu^dag(x),
+  // which requires, in order, the sites x, x+mu, x+nu, and x. We arrive at these
+  // sites relative to x through "shifts", which is represented here by a 4-d
+  // vector of 0s (no movement) and 1s (shift one unit) at each site. The
+  // "stencil" is the set of all these shifts.
   std::vector<Coordinate> shifts;
   for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
     for(int nu=mu+1;nu<Nd;nu++){
-  
-      //    Umu(x) Unu(x+mu) Umu^dag(x+nu) Unu^dag(x)
       Coordinate shift_0(Nd,0);
       Coordinate shift_mu(Nd,0); shift_mu[mu]=1;
       Coordinate shift_nu(Nd,0); shift_nu[nu]=1;
+      // push_back creates an element at the end of shifts and
+      // assigns the data in the argument to it.
       shifts.push_back(shift_0);
       shifts.push_back(shift_mu);
       shifts.push_back(shift_nu);
@@ -135,41 +143,51 @@ int main (int argc, char ** argv)
   GeneralLocalStencil gStencil(GhostGrid,shifts);
 
   gplaq=Zero();
-  {
-    autoView( gp_v , gplaq, CpuWrite);
-    autoView( t_v , trplaq, CpuRead);
-    autoView( U_v , Ughost, CpuRead);
-    for(int ss=0;ss<gp_v.size();ss++){
-      int s=0;
-      for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
-	for(int nu=mu+1;nu<Nd;nu++){
 
-	  auto SE0 = gStencil.GetEntry(s+0,ss);
+  // Before doing accelerator stuff, there is an opening and closing of "Views". I guess the
-	  auto SE1 = gStencil.GetEntry(s+1,ss);
+  // "Views" are stored in *_v variables listed below.
-	  auto SE2 = gStencil.GetEntry(s+2,ss);
+  autoView( gp_v , gplaq, CpuWrite);
-	  auto SE3 = gStencil.GetEntry(s+3,ss);
+  autoView( t_v , trplaq, CpuRead);
-	
+  autoView( U_v , Ughost, CpuRead);
-	  int o0 = SE0->_offset;
-	  int o1 = SE1->_offset;
-	  int o2 = SE2->_offset;
-	  int o3 = SE3->_offset;
-	  
-	  auto U0 = U_v[o0](mu);
-	  auto U1 = U_v[o1](nu);
-	  auto U2 = adj(U_v[o2](mu));
-	  auto U3 = adj(U_v[o3](nu));
 
-	  gpermute(U0,SE0->_permute);
+  // This is now a loop over stencil shift elements. That is, s increases as we make our
-	  gpermute(U1,SE1->_permute);
+  // way through the spacetimes sites, but also as we make our way around the plaquette.
-	  gpermute(U2,SE2->_permute);
+  for(int ss=0;ss<gp_v.size();ss++){
-	  gpermute(U3,SE3->_permute);
+    int s=0;
-	  
+    for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
-	  gp_v[ss]() =gp_v[ss]() + trace( U0*U1*U2*U3 );
+    	for(int nu=mu+1;nu<Nd;nu++){
-	  s=s+4;
+    
-	}
+    	  auto SE0 = gStencil.GetEntry(s+0,ss);
-      }
+    	  auto SE1 = gStencil.GetEntry(s+1,ss);
+    	  auto SE2 = gStencil.GetEntry(s+2,ss);
+    	  auto SE3 = gStencil.GetEntry(s+3,ss);
+
+        // Due to our strategy, each offset corresponds to a site.
+    	  int o0 = SE0->_offset;
+    	  int o1 = SE1->_offset;
+    	  int o2 = SE2->_offset;
+    	  int o3 = SE3->_offset;
+    	  
+    	  auto U0 = U_v[o0](mu);
+    	  auto U1 = U_v[o1](nu);
+    	  auto U2 = adj(U_v[o2](mu));
+    	  auto U3 = adj(U_v[o3](nu));
+    
+    	  gpermute(U0,SE0->_permute);
+    	  gpermute(U1,SE1->_permute);
+    	  gpermute(U2,SE2->_permute);
+    	  gpermute(U3,SE3->_permute);
+    	  
+    	  gp_v[ss]() =gp_v[ss]() + trace( U0*U1*U2*U3 );
+    	  s=s+4;
+    	}
     }
   }
+
+  // Here is my understanding of this part: The padded cell has its own periodic BCs, so
+  // if I take a step to the right at the right-most side of the cell, I end up on the
+  // left-most side. This means that the plaquettes in the padding are wrong. Luckily
+  // all we care about are the plaquettes in the cell, which we obtain from Extract.
   cplaq = Ghost.Extract(gplaq);
   RealD vol = cplaq.Grid()->gSites();
   RealD faces = (Nd * (Nd-1))/2;

tests/smearing/Test_fatLinks.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid
+
+Source file: ./tests/smearing/Test_fatLinks.cc
+
+Copyright (C) 2023
+
+Author: D. A. Clarke <clarke.davida@gmail.com> 
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution
+directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*
+    @file Test_fatLinks.cc
+    @brief test of the HISQ smearing 
+*/
+
+
+#include <Grid/Grid.h>
+#include <Grid/lattice/PaddedCell.h>
+#include <Grid/stencil/GeneralLocalStencil.h>
+#include <Grid/qcd/smearing/HISQSmearing.h>
+using namespace Grid;
+
+
+/*!  @brief parameter file to easily adjust Nloop */
+struct ConfParameters: Serializable {
+    GRID_SERIALIZABLE_CLASS_MEMBERS(
+        ConfParameters,
+        int, benchmark, 
+        int, Nloop);
+
+    template <class ReaderClass>
+    ConfParameters(Reader<ReaderClass>& Reader){
+        read(Reader, "parameters", *this);
+    }
+};
+
+
+bool testSmear(GridCartesian& GRID, LatticeGaugeFieldD Umu, LatticeGaugeFieldD Usmr, LatticeGaugeFieldD Unaik, 
+               LatticeGaugeFieldD Ucontrol, Real c1, Real cnaik, Real c3, Real c5, Real c7, Real clp) {
+    Smear_HISQ<PeriodicGimplD> hisq_fat(&GRID,c1,cnaik,c3,c5,c7,clp);
+    LatticeGaugeFieldD diff(&GRID), Uproj(&GRID);
+    hisq_fat.smear(Usmr, Unaik, Umu);
+    bool result;
+    if (cnaik < 1e-30) { // Testing anything but Naik term
+        diff = Ucontrol-Usmr;
+        auto absDiff = norm2(diff)/norm2(Ucontrol);
+        if (absDiff < 1e-30) {
+            Grid_pass(" |Umu-Usmr|/|Umu| = ",absDiff);
+            result = true;
+        } else {
+            Grid_error(" |Umu-Usmr|/|Umu| = ",absDiff);
+            result = false;
+        }
+    } else { // Testing Naik specifically
+        diff = Ucontrol-Unaik;
+        auto absDiff = norm2(diff)/norm2(Ucontrol);
+        if (absDiff < 1e-30) {
+            Grid_pass(" |Umu-Unaik|/|Umu| = ",absDiff);
+            result = true;
+        } else {
+            Grid_error(" |Umu-Unaik|/|Umu| = ",absDiff);
+            result = false;
+        }
+        hisq_fat.projectU3(Uproj,Ucontrol);
+//        NerscIO::writeConfiguration(Unaik,"nersc.l8t4b3360.naik");
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+int main (int argc, char** argv) {
+
+    // Params for the test.
+    int Ns = 8;
+    int Nt = 4;
+    Coordinate latt_size(Nd,0); latt_size[0]=Ns; latt_size[1]=Ns; latt_size[2]=Ns; latt_size[3]=Nt;
+    std::string conf_in  = "nersc.l8t4b3360";
+    int threads          = GridThread::GetThreads();
+
+    typedef LatticeGaugeFieldD LGF;
+
+    // Initialize the Grid
+    Grid_init(&argc,&argv);
+    Coordinate simd_layout = GridDefaultSimd(Nd,vComplexD::Nsimd());
+    Coordinate mpi_layout  = GridDefaultMpi();
+    Grid_log("mpi     = ",mpi_layout);
+    Grid_log("simd    = ",simd_layout);
+    Grid_log("latt    = ",latt_size);
+    Grid_log("threads = ",threads);
+    GridCartesian GRID(latt_size,simd_layout,mpi_layout);
+
+    XmlReader Reader("fatParams.xml",false,"grid");
+    ConfParameters param(Reader);
+    if(param.benchmark) Grid_log("  Nloop = ",param.Nloop);
+
+    LGF Umu(&GRID), Usmr(&GRID), Unaik(&GRID), Ucontrol(&GRID);
+
+    // Read the configuration into Umu
+    FieldMetaData header;
+    NerscIO::readConfiguration(Umu, header, conf_in);
+
+    bool pass=true;
+
+    // Carry out various tests    
+    NerscIO::readConfiguration(Ucontrol, header, "nersc.l8t4b3360.357lplink.control");
+    pass *= testSmear(GRID,Umu,Usmr,Unaik,Ucontrol,1/8.,0.,1/16.,1/64.,1/384.,-1/8.);
+    NerscIO::readConfiguration(Ucontrol, header, "nersc.l8t4b3360.357link.control");
+    pass *= testSmear(GRID,Umu,Usmr,Unaik,Ucontrol,1/8.,0.,1/16.,1/64.,1/384.,0.);
+    NerscIO::readConfiguration(Ucontrol, header, "nersc.l8t4b3360.35link.control");
+    pass *= testSmear(GRID,Umu,Usmr,Unaik,Ucontrol,1/8.,0.,1/16.,1/64.,0.,0.);
+    NerscIO::readConfiguration(Ucontrol, header, "nersc.l8t4b3360.3link.control");
+    pass *= testSmear(GRID,Umu,Usmr,Unaik,Ucontrol,1/8.,0.,1/16.,0.,0.,0.);
+    NerscIO::readConfiguration(Ucontrol, header, "nersc.l8t4b3360.naik.control");
+    pass *= testSmear(GRID,Umu,Usmr,Unaik,Ucontrol,0.,0.8675309,0.,0.,0.,0.);
+
+    if(pass){
+        Grid_pass("All tests passed.");
+    } else {
+        Grid_error("At least one test failed.");
+    }
+
+    // Test a C-style instantiation 
+    double path_coeff[6] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+    Smear_HISQ<PeriodicGimplD> hisq_fat_Cstyle(&GRID,path_coeff);
+
+    if (param.benchmark) {
+
+        autoView(U_v, Umu, CpuRead); // Gauge accessor
+
+        // Read in lattice sequentially, Nloop times 
+        double lookupTime = 0.; 
+        for(int i=0;i<param.Nloop;i++) {
+            double start = usecond();
+            for(int ss=0;ss<U_v.size();ss++)
+                for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++) {
+                    auto U1 = U_v[ss](mu);
+            }
+            double stop  = usecond();
+        	lookupTime += stop-start; // microseconds
+        }
+        Grid_log("Time to lookup: ",lookupTime,"[ms]");
+
+        // Raise a matrix to the power nmat, for each link. 
+        auto U1 = U_v[0](0);
+        for(int nmat=1;nmat<8;nmat++) {
+            double multTime = 0.; 
+            for(int i=0;i<param.Nloop;i++) {
+                double start=usecond();
+                for(int ss=0;ss<U_v.size();ss++)
+                    for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++) {
+                        auto U2 = U1;
+                        for(int j=1;j<nmat;j++) {
+                            U2 *= U1;
+                        }
+                }
+                double stop=usecond();
+                multTime += stop-start;
+            }
+            Grid_log("Time to multiply ",nmat," matrices: ",multTime," [ms]");
+        }
+    }
+
+    Grid_finalize();
+}