Debug code

Unused statements generating warnings removed

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-report.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+name: Bug report
+description: Report a bug.
+title: "<insert title>"
+labels: [bug]
+
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: >
+        Thank you for taking the time to file a bug report.
+        Please check that the code is pointing to the HEAD of develop
+        or any commit in master which is tagged with a version number.
+
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: "Describe the issue:"
+      description: >
+        Describe the issue and any previous attempt to solve it.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: "Code example:"
+      description: >
+        If relevant, show how to reproduce the issue using a minimal working
+        example.
+      placeholder: |
+        << your code here >>
+      render: shell
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: "Target platform:"
+      description: >
+        Give a description of the target platform (CPU, network, compiler).
+        Please give the full CPU part description, using for example
+        `cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name' | uniq` (Linux)
+        or `sysctl machdep.cpu.brand_string` (macOS) and the full output
+        the `--version` option of your compiler.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: "Configure options:"
+      description: >
+        Please give the exact configure command used and attach
+        `config.log`, `grid.config.summary` and the output of `make V=1`.
+      render: shell
+    validations:
+      required: true

.gitignore

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ Thumbs.db
 # build directory #
 ###################
 build*/*
+Documentation/_build
 
 # IDE related files #
 #####################

.travis.yml

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-language: cpp
-
-cache:
-  directories:
-    - clang
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - os:        osx
-      osx_image: xcode8.3
-      compiler: clang
-      env: PREC=single
-    - os:        osx
-      osx_image: xcode8.3
-      compiler: clang
-      env: PREC=double
-      
-before_install:
-    - export GRIDDIR=`pwd`
-    - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]] && [[ "$CC" == "clang" ]] && [ ! -e clang/bin ]; then wget $CLANG_LINK; tar -xf `basename $CLANG_LINK`; mkdir clang; mv clang+*/* clang/; fi
-    - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]] && [[ "$CC" == "clang" ]]; then export PATH="${GRIDDIR}/clang/bin:${PATH}"; fi
-    - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]] && [[ "$CC" == "clang" ]]; then export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${GRIDDIR}/clang/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"; fi
-    - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew update; fi
-    - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew install libmpc openssl; fi
-    
-install:
-    - export CWD=`pwd`
-    - echo $CWD
-    - export CC=$CC$VERSION
-    - export CXX=$CXX$VERSION
-    - echo $PATH
-    - which autoconf
-    - autoconf  --version
-    - which automake
-    - automake  --version
-    - which $CC
-    - $CC  --version
-    - which $CXX
-    - $CXX --version
-    - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then export LDFLAGS='-L/usr/local/lib'; fi
-    - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then export EXTRACONF='--with-openssl=/usr/local/opt/openssl'; fi
-    
-script:
-    - ./bootstrap.sh
-    - mkdir build
-    - cd build
-    - mkdir lime
-    - cd lime
-    - mkdir build
-    - cd build
-    - wget http://usqcd-software.github.io/downloads/c-lime/lime-1.3.2.tar.gz
-    - tar xf lime-1.3.2.tar.gz
-    - cd lime-1.3.2
-    - ./configure --prefix=$CWD/build/lime/install
-    - make -j4
-    - make install
-    - cd $CWD/build
-    - ../configure --enable-precision=$PREC --enable-simd=SSE4 --enable-comms=none --with-lime=$CWD/build/lime/install ${EXTRACONF}
-    - make -j4 
-    - ./benchmarks/Benchmark_dwf --threads 1 --debug-signals
-    - make check

Grid/DisableWarnings.h

@@ -37,19 +37,29 @@ directory
 #endif
 
  //disables and intel compiler specific warning (in json.hpp)
+#ifdef __ICC
 #pragma warning disable 488  
+#endif
 
 #ifdef __NVCC__
  //disables nvcc specific warning in json.hpp
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-register"
+
+#ifdef __NVCC_DIAG_PRAGMA_SUPPORT__
+ //disables nvcc specific warning in json.hpp
+#pragma nv_diag_suppress unsigned_compare_with_zero
+#pragma nv_diag_suppress cast_to_qualified_type
+ //disables nvcc specific warning in many files
+#pragma nv_diag_suppress esa_on_defaulted_function_ignored
+#pragma nv_diag_suppress extra_semicolon
+#else
+ //disables nvcc specific warning in json.hpp
 #pragma diag_suppress unsigned_compare_with_zero
 #pragma diag_suppress cast_to_qualified_type
-
  //disables nvcc specific warning in many files
 #pragma diag_suppress esa_on_defaulted_function_ignored
 #pragma diag_suppress extra_semicolon
-
-//Eigen only
+#endif
 #endif
 
 // Disable vectorisation in Eigen on the Power8/9 and PowerPC

Grid/GridCore.h

@@ -44,12 +44,13 @@ Author: paboyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #include <Grid/GridStd.h>
 #include <Grid/threads/Pragmas.h>
 #include <Grid/perfmon/Timer.h>
-#include <Grid/perfmon/PerfCount.h>
+//#include <Grid/perfmon/PerfCount.h>
 #include <Grid/util/Util.h>
 #include <Grid/log/Log.h>
-#include <Grid/allocator/AlignedAllocator.h>
+#include <Grid/perfmon/Tracing.h>
+#include <Grid/allocator/Allocator.h>
 #include <Grid/simd/Simd.h>
-#include <Grid/threads/Threads.h>
+#include <Grid/threads/ThreadReduction.h>
 #include <Grid/serialisation/Serialisation.h>
 #include <Grid/util/Sha.h>
 #include <Grid/communicator/Communicator.h> 

Grid/GridQCDcore.h

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ Author: paboyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #include <Grid/GridCore.h>
 #include <Grid/qcd/QCD.h>
 #include <Grid/qcd/spin/Spin.h>
+#include <Grid/qcd/gparity/Gparity.h>
 #include <Grid/qcd/utils/Utils.h>
 #include <Grid/qcd/representations/Representations.h>
 NAMESPACE_CHECK(GridQCDCore);

Grid/GridStd.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 ///////////////////
 #include <cassert>
 #include <complex>
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 #include <array>
 #include <string>
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <strings.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <ctime>
@@ -27,4 +29,7 @@
 ///////////////////
 #include "Config.h"
 
+#ifdef TOFU
+#undef GRID_COMMS_THREADS
+#endif
 #endif /* GRID_STD_H */

Grid/Grid_Eigen_Dense.h

@@ -14,25 +14,36 @@
 /* NVCC save and restore compile environment*/
 #ifdef __NVCC__
 #pragma push
+#ifdef __NVCC_DIAG_PRAGMA_SUPPORT__
+#pragma nv_diag_suppress code_is_unreachable
+#else
 #pragma diag_suppress code_is_unreachable
+#endif
 #pragma push_macro("__CUDA_ARCH__")
 #pragma push_macro("__NVCC__")
 #pragma push_macro("__CUDACC__")
+#undef __CUDA_ARCH__
 #undef __NVCC__
 #undef __CUDACC__
-#undef __CUDA_ARCH__
 #define __NVCC__REDEFINE__
 #endif 
 
 /* SYCL save and restore compile environment*/
-#ifdef __SYCL_DEVICE_ONLY__  
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
 #pragma push
 #pragma push_macro("__SYCL_DEVICE_ONLY__")
 #undef __SYCL_DEVICE_ONLY__
-#undef EIGEN_USE_SYCL
 #define EIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE
+//#undef EIGEN_USE_SYCL
+#define __SYCL__REDEFINE__
 #endif
 
+/* HIP save and restore compile environment*/
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+#pragma push
+#pragma push_macro("__HIP_DEVICE_COMPILE__")
+#endif
+#define EIGEN_NO_HIP
 
 #include <Grid/Eigen/Dense>
 #include <Grid/Eigen/unsupported/CXX11/Tensor>
@@ -51,6 +62,12 @@
 #pragma pop
 #endif
 
+/*HIP restore*/
+#ifdef __HIP__REDEFINE__
+#pragma pop_macro("__HIP_DEVICE_COMPILE__")
+#pragma pop
+#endif
+
 #if defined __GNUC__
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #endif

Grid/Makefile.am

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ if BUILD_HDF5
   extra_headers+=serialisation/Hdf5Type.h
 endif
 
-all: version-cache
+
+all: version-cache Version.h
 
 version-cache:
 	@if [ `git status --porcelain | grep -v '??' | wc -l` -gt 0 ]; then\
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ version-cache:
 	fi;\
 	rm -f vertmp
 
-Version.h:
+Version.h: version-cache
 	cp version-cache Version.h
 
 .PHONY: version-cache
@@ -53,6 +54,19 @@ Version.h:
 include Make.inc
 include Eigen.inc
 
+extra_sources+=$(WILS_FERMION_FILES)
+extra_sources+=$(STAG_FERMION_FILES)
+if BUILD_ZMOBIUS
+  extra_sources+=$(ZWILS_FERMION_FILES)
+endif
+if BUILD_GPARITY
+  extra_sources+=$(GP_FERMION_FILES)
+endif
+if BUILD_FERMION_REPS
+  extra_sources+=$(ADJ_FERMION_FILES)
+  extra_sources+=$(TWOIND_FERMION_FILES)
+endif
+
 lib_LIBRARIES = libGrid.a
 
 CCFILES += $(extra_sources)

Grid/algorithms/Algorithms.h

@@ -29,9 +29,11 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #ifndef GRID_ALGORITHMS_H
 #define GRID_ALGORITHMS_H
 
+NAMESPACE_CHECK(algorithms);
 #include <Grid/algorithms/SparseMatrix.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/LinearOperator.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/Preconditioner.h>
+NAMESPACE_CHECK(SparseMatrix);
 
 #include <Grid/algorithms/approx/Zolotarev.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/approx/Chebyshev.h>
@@ -41,15 +43,19 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/approx/Forecast.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/approx/RemezGeneral.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/approx/ZMobius.h>
-
+NAMESPACE_CHECK(approx);
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/Deflation.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradient.h>
+NAMESPACE_CHECK(ConjGrad);
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/BiCGSTAB.h>
+NAMESPACE_CHECK(BiCGSTAB);
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateResidual.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/NormalEquations.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/SchurRedBlack.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMultiShift.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMixedPrec.h>
+#include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec.h>
+#include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMixedPrecBatched.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/BiCGSTABMixedPrec.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/BlockConjugateGradient.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientReliableUpdate.h>
@@ -62,7 +68,9 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/ImplicitlyRestartedLanczos.h>
 #include <Grid/algorithms/iterative/PowerMethod.h>
 
+NAMESPACE_CHECK(PowerMethod);
 #include <Grid/algorithms/CoarsenedMatrix.h>
+NAMESPACE_CHECK(CoarsendMatrix);
 #include <Grid/algorithms/FFT.h>
 
 #endif

Grid/algorithms/FFT.h

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 /*************************************************************************************
 
     Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #endif
 #endif
 
-
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
 template<class scalar> struct FFTW { };
@@ -138,7 +136,7 @@ public:
     flops=0;
     usec =0;
     Coordinate layout(Nd,1);
-    sgrid = new GridCartesian(dimensions,layout,processors);
+    sgrid = new GridCartesian(dimensions,layout,processors,*grid);
   };
     
   ~FFT ( void)  {
@@ -184,14 +182,14 @@ public:
     pencil_gd[dim] = G*processors[dim];
       
     // Pencil global vol LxLxGxLxL per node
-    GridCartesian pencil_g(pencil_gd,layout,processors);
+    GridCartesian pencil_g(pencil_gd,layout,processors,*vgrid);
       
     // Construct pencils
     typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
     typedef typename sobj::scalar_type   scalar;
       
     Lattice<sobj> pgbuf(&pencil_g);
-    auto pgbuf_v = pgbuf.View();
+    autoView(pgbuf_v , pgbuf, CpuWrite);
 
     typedef typename FFTW<scalar>::FFTW_scalar FFTW_scalar;
     typedef typename FFTW<scalar>::FFTW_plan   FFTW_plan;
@@ -232,15 +230,18 @@ public:
     result = source;
     int pc = processor_coor[dim];
     for(int p=0;p<processors[dim];p++) {
-      thread_for(idx, sgrid->lSites(),{
+      {
+	autoView(r_v,result,CpuRead);
+	autoView(p_v,pgbuf,CpuWrite);
+	thread_for(idx, sgrid->lSites(),{
           Coordinate cbuf(Nd);
           sobj s;
 	  sgrid->LocalIndexToLocalCoor(idx,cbuf);
-	  peekLocalSite(s,result,cbuf);
+	  peekLocalSite(s,r_v,cbuf);
 	  cbuf[dim]+=((pc+p) % processors[dim])*L;
-	  //            cbuf[dim]+=p*L;
-	  pokeLocalSite(s,pgbuf,cbuf);
-      });
+	  pokeLocalSite(s,p_v,cbuf);
+        });
+      }
       if (p != processors[dim] - 1) {
 	result = Cshift(result,dim,L);
       }
@@ -269,15 +270,19 @@ public:
     flops+= flops_call*NN;
       
     // writing out result
-    thread_for(idx,sgrid->lSites(),{
+    {
+      autoView(pgbuf_v,pgbuf,CpuRead);
+      autoView(result_v,result,CpuWrite);
+      thread_for(idx,sgrid->lSites(),{
 	Coordinate clbuf(Nd), cgbuf(Nd);
 	sobj s;
 	sgrid->LocalIndexToLocalCoor(idx,clbuf);
 	cgbuf = clbuf;
 	cgbuf[dim] = clbuf[dim]+L*pc;
-	peekLocalSite(s,pgbuf,cgbuf);
-	pokeLocalSite(s,result,clbuf);
-    });
+	peekLocalSite(s,pgbuf_v,cgbuf);
+	pokeLocalSite(s,result_v,clbuf);
+      });
+    }
     result = result*div;
       
     // destroying plan

Grid/algorithms/LinearOperator.h

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ public:
   virtual void AdjOp  (const Field &in, Field &out) = 0; // Abstract base
   virtual void HermOpAndNorm(const Field &in, Field &out,RealD &n1,RealD &n2)=0;
   virtual void HermOp(const Field &in, Field &out)=0;
+  virtual ~LinearOperatorBase(){};
 };
 
 
@@ -507,7 +508,7 @@ class SchurStaggeredOperator :  public SchurOperatorBase<Field> {
   virtual  void MpcDag   (const Field &in, Field &out){
     Mpc(in,out);
   }
-  virtual void MpcDagMpc(const Field &in, Field &out,RealD &ni,RealD &no) {
+  virtual void MpcDagMpc(const Field &in, Field &out) {
     assert(0);// Never need with staggered
   }
 };
@@ -525,11 +526,23 @@ public:
       (*this)(Linop,in[k],out[k]);
     }
   };
+  virtual ~OperatorFunction(){};
 };
 
 template<class Field> class LinearFunction {
 public:
   virtual void operator() (const Field &in, Field &out) = 0;
+
+  virtual void operator() (const std::vector<Field> &in, std::vector<Field> &out)
+  {
+    assert(in.size() == out.size());
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < in.size(); ++i)
+    {
+      (*this)(in[i], out[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  virtual ~LinearFunction(){};
 };
 
 template<class Field> class IdentityLinearFunction : public LinearFunction<Field> {
@@ -575,6 +588,7 @@ class HermOpOperatorFunction : public OperatorFunction<Field> {
 template<typename Field>
 class PlainHermOp : public LinearFunction<Field> {
 public:
+  using LinearFunction<Field>::operator();
   LinearOperatorBase<Field> &_Linop;
       
   PlainHermOp(LinearOperatorBase<Field>& linop) : _Linop(linop) 
@@ -588,6 +602,7 @@ public:
 template<typename Field>
 class FunctionHermOp : public LinearFunction<Field> {
 public:
+  using LinearFunction<Field>::operator(); 
   OperatorFunction<Field>   & _poly;
   LinearOperatorBase<Field> &_Linop;
       

Grid/algorithms/Preconditioner.h

@@ -30,13 +30,19 @@ Author: Azusa Yamaguchi <ayamaguc@staffmail.ed.ac.uk>
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
-template<class Field> class Preconditioner :  public LinearFunction<Field> { 
+template<class Field> using Preconditioner =  LinearFunction<Field> ;
+
+/*
+template<class Field> class Preconditioner :  public LinearFunction<Field> {
+  using LinearFunction<Field>::operator();
   virtual void operator()(const Field &src, Field & psi)=0;
 };
+*/
 
 template<class Field> class TrivialPrecon :  public Preconditioner<Field> { 
 public:
-  void operator()(const Field &src, Field & psi){
+  using Preconditioner<Field>::operator();
+  virtual void operator()(const Field &src, Field & psi){
     psi = src;
   }
   TrivialPrecon(void){};

Grid/algorithms/SparseMatrix.h

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ public:
   virtual  void Mdiag    (const Field &in, Field &out)=0;
   virtual  void Mdir     (const Field &in, Field &out,int dir, int disp)=0;
   virtual  void MdirAll  (const Field &in, std::vector<Field> &out)=0;
+  virtual ~SparseMatrixBase() {};
 };
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ public:
   virtual  void MeooeDag    (const Field &in, Field &out)=0;
   virtual  void MooeeDag    (const Field &in, Field &out)=0;
   virtual  void MooeeInvDag (const Field &in, Field &out)=0;
-
+  virtual ~CheckerBoardedSparseMatrixBase() {};
 };
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/algorithms/approx/Chebyshev.h

@@ -258,26 +258,12 @@ public:
     for(int n=2;n<order;n++){
 
       Linop.HermOp(*Tn,y);
-#if 0
-      auto y_v = y.View();
-      auto Tn_v = Tn->View();
-      auto Tnp_v = Tnp->View();
-      auto Tnm_v = Tnm->View();
-      constexpr int Nsimd = vector_type::Nsimd();
-      accelerator_forNB(ss, in.Grid()->oSites(), Nsimd, {
-	  coalescedWrite(y_v[ss],xscale*y_v(ss)+mscale*Tn_v(ss));
-	  coalescedWrite(Tnp_v[ss],2.0*y_v(ss)-Tnm_v(ss));
-      });
-      if ( Coeffs[n] != 0.0) {
-	axpy(out,Coeffs[n],*Tnp,out);
-      }
-#else
       axpby(y,xscale,mscale,y,(*Tn));
       axpby(*Tnp,2.0,-1.0,y,(*Tnm));
       if ( Coeffs[n] != 0.0) {
 	axpy(out,Coeffs[n],*Tnp,out);
       }
-#endif
+
       // Cycle pointers to avoid copies
       Field *swizzle = Tnm;
       Tnm    =Tn;

Grid/algorithms/iterative/BiCGSTAB.h

@@ -122,12 +122,14 @@ class BiCGSTAB : public OperatorFunction<Field>
 
         LinearCombTimer.Start();
         bo = beta * omega;
-        auto p_v = p.View();
-        auto r_v = r.View();
-        auto v_v = v.View();
-        accelerator_for(ss, p_v.size(), Field::vector_object::Nsimd(),{
-          coalescedWrite(p_v[ss], beta*p_v(ss) - bo*v_v(ss) + r_v(ss));
-        });
+	{
+	  autoView( p_v , p, AcceleratorWrite);
+	  autoView( r_v , r, AcceleratorRead);
+	  autoView( v_v , v, AcceleratorRead);
+	  accelerator_for(ss, p_v.size(), Field::vector_object::Nsimd(),{
+	      coalescedWrite(p_v[ss], beta*p_v(ss) - bo*v_v(ss) + r_v(ss));
+	    });
+	}
         LinearCombTimer.Stop();
         LinalgTimer.Stop();
 
@@ -142,16 +144,20 @@ class BiCGSTAB : public OperatorFunction<Field>
         alpha = rho / Calpha.real();
 
         LinearCombTimer.Start();
-        auto h_v = h.View();
-        auto psi_v = psi.View();
-        accelerator_for(ss, h_v.size(), Field::vector_object::Nsimd(),{
-          coalescedWrite(h_v[ss], alpha*p_v(ss) + psi_v(ss));
-        });
-        
-        auto s_v = s.View();
-        accelerator_for(ss, s_v.size(), Field::vector_object::Nsimd(),{
-          coalescedWrite(s_v[ss], -alpha*v_v(ss) + r_v(ss));
-        });
+	{
+	  autoView( p_v , p, AcceleratorRead);
+	  autoView( r_v , r, AcceleratorRead);
+	  autoView( v_v , v, AcceleratorRead);
+	  autoView( psi_v,psi, AcceleratorRead);
+	  autoView( h_v  ,  h, AcceleratorWrite);
+	  autoView( s_v  ,  s, AcceleratorWrite);
+	  accelerator_for(ss, h_v.size(), Field::vector_object::Nsimd(),{
+	      coalescedWrite(h_v[ss], alpha*p_v(ss) + psi_v(ss));
+	    });
+	  accelerator_for(ss, s_v.size(), Field::vector_object::Nsimd(),{
+	      coalescedWrite(s_v[ss], -alpha*v_v(ss) + r_v(ss));
+ 	  });
+        }
         LinearCombTimer.Stop();
         LinalgTimer.Stop();
 
@@ -166,13 +172,19 @@ class BiCGSTAB : public OperatorFunction<Field>
         omega = Comega.real() / norm2(t);
 
         LinearCombTimer.Start();
-        auto t_v = t.View();
-        accelerator_for(ss, psi_v.size(), Field::vector_object::Nsimd(),{
-          coalescedWrite(psi_v[ss], h_v(ss) + omega * s_v(ss));
-          coalescedWrite(r_v[ss], -omega * t_v(ss) + s_v(ss));
-        });
+	{
+	  autoView( psi_v,psi, AcceleratorWrite);
+	  autoView( r_v , r, AcceleratorWrite);
+	  autoView( h_v , h, AcceleratorRead);
+	  autoView( s_v , s, AcceleratorRead);
+	  autoView( t_v , t, AcceleratorRead);
+	  accelerator_for(ss, psi_v.size(), Field::vector_object::Nsimd(),{
+	      coalescedWrite(psi_v[ss], h_v(ss) + omega * s_v(ss));
+	      coalescedWrite(r_v[ss], -omega * t_v(ss) + s_v(ss));
+	    });
+	}
         LinearCombTimer.Stop();
-
+	
         cp = norm2(r);
         LinalgTimer.Stop();
 

Grid/algorithms/iterative/BiCGSTABMixedPrec.h

@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 template<class FieldD, class FieldF, typename std::enable_if< getPrecision<FieldD>::value == 2, int>::type = 0, typename std::enable_if< getPrecision<FieldF>::value == 1, int>::type = 0> 
 class MixedPrecisionBiCGSTAB : public LinearFunction<FieldD> 
 {
-  public:                                                
+  public:
+    using LinearFunction<FieldD>::operator();
     RealD   Tolerance;
     RealD   InnerTolerance; // Initial tolerance for inner CG. Defaults to Tolerance but can be changed
     Integer MaxInnerIterations;

Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradient.h

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ public:
 
   void operator()(LinearOperatorBase<Field> &Linop, const Field &src, Field &psi) {
 
+    GRID_TRACE("ConjugateGradient");
     psi.Checkerboard() = src.Checkerboard();
 
     conformable(psi, src);
@@ -117,9 +118,13 @@ public:
     GridStopWatch MatrixTimer;
     GridStopWatch SolverTimer;
 
+    RealD usecs = -usecond();
     SolverTimer.Start();
     int k;
     for (k = 1; k <= MaxIterations; k++) {
+
+      GridStopWatch IterationTimer;
+      IterationTimer.Start();
       c = cp;
 
       MatrixTimer.Start();
@@ -140,41 +145,53 @@ public:
       b = cp / c;
 
       LinearCombTimer.Start();
-      auto psi_v = psi.View();
-      auto p_v   = p.View();
-      auto r_v   = r.View();
-      accelerator_for(ss,p_v.size(), Field::vector_object::Nsimd(),{
-	  coalescedWrite(psi_v[ss], a      *  p_v(ss) + psi_v(ss));
-	  coalescedWrite(p_v[ss]  , b      *  p_v(ss) + r_v  (ss));
-      });
+      {
+	autoView( psi_v , psi, AcceleratorWrite);
+	autoView( p_v   , p,   AcceleratorWrite);
+	autoView( r_v   , r,   AcceleratorWrite);
+	accelerator_for(ss,p_v.size(), Field::vector_object::Nsimd(),{
+	    coalescedWrite(psi_v[ss], a      *  p_v(ss) + psi_v(ss));
+	    coalescedWrite(p_v[ss]  , b      *  p_v(ss) + r_v  (ss));
+	});
+      }
       LinearCombTimer.Stop();
       LinalgTimer.Stop();
 
-      std::cout << GridLogIterative << "ConjugateGradient: Iteration " << k
+      IterationTimer.Stop();
+      if ( (k % 500) == 0 ) {
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "ConjugateGradient: Iteration " << k
                 << " residual " << sqrt(cp/ssq) << " target " << Tolerance << std::endl;
+      } else { 
+	std::cout << GridLogIterative << "ConjugateGradient: Iteration " << k
+		  << " residual " << sqrt(cp/ssq) << " target " << Tolerance << " took " << IterationTimer.Elapsed() << std::endl;
+      }
 
       // Stopping condition
       if (cp <= rsq) {
+	usecs +=usecond();
         SolverTimer.Stop();
         Linop.HermOpAndNorm(psi, mmp, d, qq);
         p = mmp - src;
-
+	GridBase *grid = src.Grid();
+	RealD DwfFlops = (1452. )*grid->gSites()*4*k
+   	               + (8+4+8+4+4)*12*grid->gSites()*k; // CG linear algebra
         RealD srcnorm = std::sqrt(norm2(src));
         RealD resnorm = std::sqrt(norm2(p));
         RealD true_residual = resnorm / srcnorm;
-
         std::cout << GridLogMessage << "ConjugateGradient Converged on iteration " << k 
 		  << "\tComputed residual " << std::sqrt(cp / ssq)
 		  << "\tTrue residual " << true_residual
 		  << "\tTarget " << Tolerance << std::endl;
 
-        std::cout << GridLogIterative << "Time breakdown "<<std::endl;
-	std::cout << GridLogIterative << "\tElapsed    " << SolverTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
-	std::cout << GridLogIterative << "\tMatrix     " << MatrixTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
-	std::cout << GridLogIterative << "\tLinalg     " << LinalgTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
-	std::cout << GridLogIterative << "\tInner      " << InnerTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
-	std::cout << GridLogIterative << "\tAxpyNorm   " << AxpyNormTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
-	std::cout << GridLogIterative << "\tLinearComb " << LinearCombTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
+        std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Time breakdown "<<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tElapsed    " << SolverTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tMatrix     " << MatrixTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tLinalg     " << LinalgTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tInner      " << InnerTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tAxpyNorm   " << AxpyNormTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tLinearComb " << LinearCombTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
+
+	std::cout << GridLogDebug << "\tMobius flop rate " << DwfFlops/ usecs<< " Gflops " <<std::endl;
 
         if (ErrorOnNoConverge) assert(true_residual / Tolerance < 10000.0);
 

Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMixedPrec.h

@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
     typename std::enable_if< getPrecision<FieldD>::value == 2, int>::type = 0,
     typename std::enable_if< getPrecision<FieldF>::value == 1, int>::type = 0> 
   class MixedPrecisionConjugateGradient : public LinearFunction<FieldD> {
-  public:                                                
+  public:
+    using LinearFunction<FieldD>::operator();
     RealD   Tolerance;
     RealD   InnerTolerance; //Initial tolerance for inner CG. Defaults to Tolerance but can be changed
     Integer MaxInnerIterations;
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
     Integer TotalInnerIterations; //Number of inner CG iterations
     Integer TotalOuterIterations; //Number of restarts
     Integer TotalFinalStepIterations; //Number of CG iterations in final patch-up step
+    RealD TrueResidual;
 
     //Option to speed up *inner single precision* solves using a LinearFunction that produces a guess
     LinearFunction<FieldF> *guesser;
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
     }
   
   void operator() (const FieldD &src_d_in, FieldD &sol_d){
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "MixedPrecisionConjugateGradient: Starting mixed precision CG with outer tolerance " << Tolerance << " and inner tolerance " << InnerTolerance << std::endl;
     TotalInnerIterations = 0;
 	
     GridStopWatch TotalTimer;
@@ -96,6 +99,7 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
     FieldF sol_f(SinglePrecGrid);
     sol_f.Checkerboard() = cb;
     
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"MixedPrecisionConjugateGradient: Starting initial inner CG with tolerance " << inner_tol << std::endl;
     ConjugateGradient<FieldF> CG_f(inner_tol, MaxInnerIterations);
     CG_f.ErrorOnNoConverge = false;
 
@@ -104,7 +108,10 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
     GridStopWatch PrecChangeTimer;
     
     Integer &outer_iter = TotalOuterIterations; //so it will be equal to the final iteration count
-      
+
+    precisionChangeWorkspace pc_wk_sp_to_dp(DoublePrecGrid, SinglePrecGrid);
+    precisionChangeWorkspace pc_wk_dp_to_sp(SinglePrecGrid, DoublePrecGrid);
+    
     for(outer_iter = 0; outer_iter < MaxOuterIterations; outer_iter++){
       //Compute double precision rsd and also new RHS vector.
       Linop_d.HermOp(sol_d, tmp_d);
@@ -119,7 +126,7 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
       while(norm * inner_tol * inner_tol < stop) inner_tol *= 2;  // inner_tol = sqrt(stop/norm) ??
 
       PrecChangeTimer.Start();
-      precisionChange(src_f, src_d);
+      precisionChange(src_f, src_d, pc_wk_dp_to_sp);
       PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
       
       sol_f = Zero();
@@ -129,6 +136,7 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 	(*guesser)(src_f, sol_f);
 
       //Inner CG
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"MixedPrecisionConjugateGradient: Outer iteration " << outer_iter << " starting inner CG with tolerance " << inner_tol << std::endl;
       CG_f.Tolerance = inner_tol;
       InnerCGtimer.Start();
       CG_f(Linop_f, src_f, sol_f);
@@ -137,7 +145,7 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
       
       //Convert sol back to double and add to double prec solution
       PrecChangeTimer.Start();
-      precisionChange(tmp_d, sol_f);
+      precisionChange(tmp_d, sol_f, pc_wk_sp_to_dp);
       PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
       
       axpy(sol_d, 1.0, tmp_d, sol_d);
@@ -149,6 +157,7 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
     ConjugateGradient<FieldD> CG_d(Tolerance, MaxInnerIterations);
     CG_d(Linop_d, src_d_in, sol_d);
     TotalFinalStepIterations = CG_d.IterationsToComplete;
+    TrueResidual = CG_d.TrueResidual;
 
     TotalTimer.Stop();
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"MixedPrecisionConjugateGradient: Inner CG iterations " << TotalInnerIterations << " Restarts " << TotalOuterIterations << " Final CG iterations " << TotalFinalStepIterations << std::endl;

Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMixedPrecBatched.h

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+
+    Source file: ./lib/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMixedPrecBatched.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2015
+
+    Author: Raoul Hodgson <raoul.hodgson@ed.ac.uk>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+#ifndef GRID_CONJUGATE_GRADIENT_MIXED_PREC_BATCHED_H
+#define GRID_CONJUGATE_GRADIENT_MIXED_PREC_BATCHED_H
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+//Mixed precision restarted defect correction CG
+template<class FieldD,class FieldF, 
+  typename std::enable_if< getPrecision<FieldD>::value == 2, int>::type = 0,
+  typename std::enable_if< getPrecision<FieldF>::value == 1, int>::type = 0> 
+class MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched : public LinearFunction<FieldD> {
+public:
+  using LinearFunction<FieldD>::operator();
+  RealD   Tolerance;
+  RealD   InnerTolerance; //Initial tolerance for inner CG. Defaults to Tolerance but can be changed
+  Integer MaxInnerIterations;
+  Integer MaxOuterIterations;
+  Integer MaxPatchupIterations;
+  GridBase* SinglePrecGrid; //Grid for single-precision fields
+  RealD OuterLoopNormMult; //Stop the outer loop and move to a final double prec solve when the residual is OuterLoopNormMult * Tolerance
+  LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> &Linop_f;
+  LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &Linop_d;
+
+  //Option to speed up *inner single precision* solves using a LinearFunction that produces a guess
+  LinearFunction<FieldF> *guesser;
+  bool updateResidual;
+  
+  MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched(RealD tol, 
+          Integer maxinnerit, 
+          Integer maxouterit, 
+          Integer maxpatchit,
+          GridBase* _sp_grid, 
+          LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> &_Linop_f, 
+          LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &_Linop_d,
+          bool _updateResidual=true) :
+    Linop_f(_Linop_f), Linop_d(_Linop_d),
+    Tolerance(tol), InnerTolerance(tol), MaxInnerIterations(maxinnerit), MaxOuterIterations(maxouterit), MaxPatchupIterations(maxpatchit), SinglePrecGrid(_sp_grid),
+    OuterLoopNormMult(100.), guesser(NULL), updateResidual(_updateResidual) { };
+
+  void useGuesser(LinearFunction<FieldF> &g){
+    guesser = &g;
+  }
+  
+  void operator() (const FieldD &src_d_in, FieldD &sol_d){
+    std::vector<FieldD> srcs_d_in{src_d_in};
+    std::vector<FieldD> sols_d{sol_d};
+
+    (*this)(srcs_d_in,sols_d);
+
+    sol_d = sols_d[0];
+  }
+
+  void operator() (const std::vector<FieldD> &src_d_in, std::vector<FieldD> &sol_d){
+    assert(src_d_in.size() == sol_d.size());
+    int NBatch = src_d_in.size();
+
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "NBatch = " << NBatch << std::endl;
+
+    Integer TotalOuterIterations = 0; //Number of restarts
+    std::vector<Integer> TotalInnerIterations(NBatch,0);     //Number of inner CG iterations
+    std::vector<Integer> TotalFinalStepIterations(NBatch,0); //Number of CG iterations in final patch-up step
+  
+    GridStopWatch TotalTimer;
+    TotalTimer.Start();
+
+    GridStopWatch InnerCGtimer;
+    GridStopWatch PrecChangeTimer;
+    
+    int cb = src_d_in[0].Checkerboard();
+    
+    std::vector<RealD> src_norm;
+    std::vector<RealD> norm;
+    std::vector<RealD> stop;
+    
+    GridBase* DoublePrecGrid = src_d_in[0].Grid();
+    FieldD tmp_d(DoublePrecGrid);
+    tmp_d.Checkerboard() = cb;
+    
+    FieldD tmp2_d(DoublePrecGrid);
+    tmp2_d.Checkerboard() = cb;
+
+    std::vector<FieldD> src_d;
+    std::vector<FieldF> src_f;
+    std::vector<FieldF> sol_f;
+
+    for (int i=0; i<NBatch; i++) {
+      sol_d[i].Checkerboard() = cb;
+
+      src_norm.push_back(norm2(src_d_in[i]));
+      norm.push_back(0.);
+      stop.push_back(src_norm[i] * Tolerance*Tolerance);
+
+      src_d.push_back(src_d_in[i]); //source for next inner iteration, computed from residual during operation
+
+      src_f.push_back(SinglePrecGrid);
+      src_f[i].Checkerboard() = cb;
+
+      sol_f.push_back(SinglePrecGrid);
+      sol_f[i].Checkerboard() = cb;
+    }
+    
+    RealD inner_tol = InnerTolerance;
+    
+    ConjugateGradient<FieldF> CG_f(inner_tol, MaxInnerIterations);
+    CG_f.ErrorOnNoConverge = false;
+    
+    Integer &outer_iter = TotalOuterIterations; //so it will be equal to the final iteration count
+      
+    for(outer_iter = 0; outer_iter < MaxOuterIterations; outer_iter++){
+      std::cout << GridLogMessage << std::endl;
+      std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Outer iteration " << outer_iter << std::endl;
+      
+      bool allConverged = true;
+      
+      for (int i=0; i<NBatch; i++) {
+        //Compute double precision rsd and also new RHS vector.
+        Linop_d.HermOp(sol_d[i], tmp_d);
+        norm[i] = axpy_norm(src_d[i], -1., tmp_d, src_d_in[i]); //src_d is residual vector
+        
+        std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched: Outer iteration " << outer_iter <<" solve " << i << " residual "<< norm[i] << " target "<< stop[i] <<std::endl;
+
+        PrecChangeTimer.Start();
+        precisionChange(src_f[i], src_d[i]);
+        PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
+        
+        sol_f[i] = Zero();
+      
+        if(norm[i] > OuterLoopNormMult * stop[i]) {
+          allConverged = false;
+        }
+      }
+      if (allConverged) break;
+
+      if (updateResidual) {
+        RealD normMax = *std::max_element(std::begin(norm), std::end(norm));
+        RealD stopMax = *std::max_element(std::begin(stop), std::end(stop));
+        while( normMax * inner_tol * inner_tol < stopMax) inner_tol *= 2;  // inner_tol = sqrt(stop/norm) ??
+        CG_f.Tolerance = inner_tol;
+      }
+
+      //Optionally improve inner solver guess (eg using known eigenvectors)
+      if(guesser != NULL) {
+        (*guesser)(src_f, sol_f);
+      }
+
+      for (int i=0; i<NBatch; i++) {
+        //Inner CG
+        InnerCGtimer.Start();
+        CG_f(Linop_f, src_f[i], sol_f[i]);
+        InnerCGtimer.Stop();
+        TotalInnerIterations[i] += CG_f.IterationsToComplete;
+        
+        //Convert sol back to double and add to double prec solution
+        PrecChangeTimer.Start();
+        precisionChange(tmp_d, sol_f[i]);
+        PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
+        
+        axpy(sol_d[i], 1.0, tmp_d, sol_d[i]);
+      }
+
+    }
+    
+    //Final trial CG
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched: Starting final patch-up double-precision solve"<<std::endl;
+    
+    for (int i=0; i<NBatch; i++) {
+      ConjugateGradient<FieldD> CG_d(Tolerance, MaxPatchupIterations);
+      CG_d(Linop_d, src_d_in[i], sol_d[i]);
+      TotalFinalStepIterations[i] += CG_d.IterationsToComplete;
+    }
+
+    TotalTimer.Stop();
+
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << std::endl;
+    for (int i=0; i<NBatch; i++) {
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched: solve " << i << " Inner CG iterations " << TotalInnerIterations[i] << " Restarts " << TotalOuterIterations << " Final CG iterations " << TotalFinalStepIterations[i] << std::endl;
+    }
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << std::endl;
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"MixedPrecisionConjugateGradientBatched: Total time " << TotalTimer.Elapsed() << " Precision change " << PrecChangeTimer.Elapsed() << " Inner CG total " << InnerCGtimer.Elapsed() << std::endl;
+    
+  }
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+
+#endif

Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMultiShift.h

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public:
 
   using OperatorFunction<Field>::operator();
 
-  RealD   Tolerance;
+  //  RealD   Tolerance;
   Integer MaxIterations;
   Integer IterationsToComplete; //Number of iterations the CG took to finish. Filled in upon completion
   std::vector<int> IterationsToCompleteShift;  // Iterations for this shift
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public:
   MultiShiftFunction shifts;
   std::vector<RealD> TrueResidualShift;
 
-  ConjugateGradientMultiShift(Integer maxit,MultiShiftFunction &_shifts) : 
+  ConjugateGradientMultiShift(Integer maxit, const MultiShiftFunction &_shifts) : 
     MaxIterations(maxit),
     shifts(_shifts)
   { 
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ public:
 
   void operator() (LinearOperatorBase<Field> &Linop, const Field &src, std::vector<Field> &psi)
   {
+    GRID_TRACE("ConjugateGradientMultiShift");
   
     GridBase *grid = src.Grid();
   
@@ -182,6 +183,9 @@ public:
     for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++) {
       axpby(psi[s],0.,-bs[s]*alpha[s],src,src);
     }
+
+    std::cout << GridLogIterative << "ConjugateGradientMultiShift: initial rn (|src|^2) =" << rn << " qq (|MdagM src|^2) =" << qq << " d ( dot(src, [MdagM + m_0]src) ) =" << d << " c=" << c << std::endl;
+    
   
   ///////////////////////////////////////
   // Timers
@@ -321,8 +325,8 @@ public:
 
       std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Time Breakdown "<<std::endl;
       std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tElapsed    " << SolverTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
-      std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tAXPY    " << AXPYTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
-      std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tMarix    " << MatrixTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+      std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tAXPY     " << AXPYTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+      std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tMatrix   " << MatrixTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
       std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tShift    " << ShiftTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
 
       IterationsToComplete = k;	

Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMultiShiftCleanup.h

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+
+    Source file: ./lib/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMultiShift.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2015
+
+Author: Azusa Yamaguchi <ayamaguc@staffmail.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: Christopher Kelly <ckelly@bnl.gov>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+#pragma once
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+//CK 2020: A variant of the multi-shift conjugate gradient with the matrix multiplication in single precision. 
+//The residual is stored in single precision, but the search directions and solution are stored in double precision. 
+//Every update_freq iterations the residual is corrected in double precision. 
+//For safety the a final regular CG is applied to clean up if necessary
+
+//PB Pure single, then double fixup
+
+template<class FieldD, class FieldF,
+	 typename std::enable_if< getPrecision<FieldD>::value == 2, int>::type = 0,
+	 typename std::enable_if< getPrecision<FieldF>::value == 1, int>::type = 0> 
+class ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup : public OperatorMultiFunction<FieldD>,
+					     public OperatorFunction<FieldD>
+{
+public:                                                
+
+  using OperatorFunction<FieldD>::operator();
+
+  RealD   Tolerance;
+  Integer MaxIterationsMshift;
+  Integer MaxIterations;
+  Integer IterationsToComplete; //Number of iterations the CG took to finish. Filled in upon completion
+  std::vector<int> IterationsToCompleteShift;  // Iterations for this shift
+  int verbose;
+  MultiShiftFunction shifts;
+  std::vector<RealD> TrueResidualShift;
+
+  int ReliableUpdateFreq; //number of iterations between reliable updates
+
+  GridBase* SinglePrecGrid; //Grid for single-precision fields
+  LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> &Linop_f; //single precision
+
+  ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup(Integer maxit, const MultiShiftFunction &_shifts,
+				       GridBase* _SinglePrecGrid, LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> &_Linop_f,
+				       int _ReliableUpdateFreq) : 
+    MaxIterationsMshift(maxit),  shifts(_shifts), SinglePrecGrid(_SinglePrecGrid), Linop_f(_Linop_f), ReliableUpdateFreq(_ReliableUpdateFreq),
+    MaxIterations(20000)
+  { 
+    verbose=1;
+    IterationsToCompleteShift.resize(_shifts.order);
+    TrueResidualShift.resize(_shifts.order);
+  }
+
+  void operator() (LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &Linop, const FieldD &src, FieldD &psi)
+  {
+    GridBase *grid = src.Grid();
+    int nshift = shifts.order;
+    std::vector<FieldD> results(nshift,grid);
+    (*this)(Linop,src,results,psi);
+  }
+  void operator() (LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &Linop, const FieldD &src, std::vector<FieldD> &results, FieldD &psi)
+  {
+    int nshift = shifts.order;
+
+    (*this)(Linop,src,results);
+  
+    psi = shifts.norm*src;
+    for(int i=0;i<nshift;i++){
+      psi = psi + shifts.residues[i]*results[i];
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  void operator() (LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &Linop_d, const FieldD &src_d, std::vector<FieldD> &psi_d)
+  { 
+    GRID_TRACE("ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup");
+    GridBase *DoublePrecGrid = src_d.Grid();
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Convenience references to the info stored in "MultiShiftFunction"
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    int nshift = shifts.order;
+
+    std::vector<RealD> &mass(shifts.poles); // Make references to array in "shifts"
+    std::vector<RealD> &mresidual(shifts.tolerances);
+    std::vector<RealD> alpha(nshift,1.0);
+
+    //Double precision search directions
+    FieldD p_d(DoublePrecGrid);
+    std::vector<FieldF> ps_f (nshift, SinglePrecGrid);// Search directions (single precision)
+    std::vector<FieldF> psi_f(nshift, SinglePrecGrid);// solutions (single precision)
+
+    FieldD tmp_d(DoublePrecGrid);
+    FieldD r_d(DoublePrecGrid);
+    FieldF r_f(SinglePrecGrid);
+    FieldD mmp_d(DoublePrecGrid);
+
+    assert(psi_d.size()==nshift);
+    assert(mass.size()==nshift);
+    assert(mresidual.size()==nshift);
+  
+    // dynamic sized arrays on stack; 2d is a pain with vector
+    RealD  bs[nshift];
+    RealD  rsq[nshift];
+    RealD  rsqf[nshift];
+    RealD  z[nshift][2];
+    int     converged[nshift];
+  
+    const int       primary =0;
+  
+    //Primary shift fields CG iteration
+    RealD a,b,c,d;
+    RealD cp,bp,qq; //prev
+  
+    // Matrix mult fields
+    FieldF p_f(SinglePrecGrid);
+    FieldF mmp_f(SinglePrecGrid);
+
+    // Check lightest mass
+    for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+      assert( mass[s]>= mass[primary] );
+      converged[s]=0;
+    }
+  
+    // Wire guess to zero
+    // Residuals "r" are src
+    // First search direction "p" is also src
+    cp = norm2(src_d);
+
+    // Handle trivial case of zero src.
+    if( cp == 0. ){
+      for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+	psi_d[s] = Zero();
+	psi_f[s] = Zero();
+	IterationsToCompleteShift[s] = 1;
+	TrueResidualShift[s] = 0.;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+      rsq[s] = cp * mresidual[s] * mresidual[s];
+      rsqf[s] =rsq[s];
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup: shift "<< s <<" target resid "<<rsq[s]<<std::endl;
+      //      ps_d[s] = src_d;
+      precisionChange(ps_f[s],src_d);
+    }
+    // r and p for primary
+    p_d = src_d; //primary copy --- make this a reference to ps_d to save axpys
+    r_d = p_d;
+    
+    //MdagM+m[0]
+    precisionChange(p_f,p_d);
+    Linop_f.HermOpAndNorm(p_f,mmp_f,d,qq); // mmp = MdagM p        d=real(dot(p, mmp)),  qq=norm2(mmp)
+    precisionChange(tmp_d,mmp_f);
+    Linop_d.HermOpAndNorm(p_d,mmp_d,d,qq); // mmp = MdagM p        d=real(dot(p, mmp)),  qq=norm2(mmp)
+    tmp_d = tmp_d - mmp_d;
+    std::cout << " Testing operators match "<<norm2(mmp_d)<<" f "<<norm2(mmp_f)<<" diff "<< norm2(tmp_d)<<std::endl;
+    //    assert(norm2(tmp_d)< 1.0e-4);
+
+    axpy(mmp_d,mass[0],p_d,mmp_d);
+    RealD rn = norm2(p_d);
+    d += rn*mass[0];
+
+    b = -cp /d;
+  
+    // Set up the various shift variables
+    int       iz=0;
+    z[0][1-iz] = 1.0;
+    z[0][iz]   = 1.0;
+    bs[0]      = b;
+    for(int s=1;s<nshift;s++){
+      z[s][1-iz] = 1.0;
+      z[s][iz]   = 1.0/( 1.0 - b*(mass[s]-mass[0]));
+      bs[s]      = b*z[s][iz]; 
+    }
+  
+    // r += b[0] A.p[0]
+    // c= norm(r)
+    c=axpy_norm(r_d,b,mmp_d,r_d);
+  
+    for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++) {
+      axpby(psi_d[s],0.,-bs[s]*alpha[s],src_d,src_d);
+      precisionChange(psi_f[s],psi_d[s]);
+    }
+  
+    ///////////////////////////////////////
+    // Timers
+    ///////////////////////////////////////
+    GridStopWatch AXPYTimer, ShiftTimer, QRTimer, MatrixTimer, SolverTimer, PrecChangeTimer, CleanupTimer;
+
+    SolverTimer.Start();
+  
+    // Iteration loop
+    int k;
+  
+    for (k=1;k<=MaxIterationsMshift;k++){    
+
+      a = c /cp;
+      AXPYTimer.Start();
+      axpy(p_d,a,p_d,r_d); 
+      AXPYTimer.Stop();
+
+      PrecChangeTimer.Start();
+      precisionChange(r_f, r_d);
+      PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
+
+      AXPYTimer.Start();
+      for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+	if ( ! converged[s] ) { 
+	  if (s==0){
+	    axpy(ps_f[s],a,ps_f[s],r_f);
+	  } else{
+	    RealD as =a *z[s][iz]*bs[s] /(z[s][1-iz]*b);
+	    axpby(ps_f[s],z[s][iz],as,r_f,ps_f[s]);
+	  }
+	}
+      }
+      AXPYTimer.Stop();
+
+      cp=c;
+      PrecChangeTimer.Start();
+      precisionChange(p_f, p_d); //get back single prec search direction for linop
+      PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
+      MatrixTimer.Start();  
+      Linop_f.HermOp(p_f,mmp_f);
+      MatrixTimer.Stop();  
+      PrecChangeTimer.Start();
+      precisionChange(mmp_d, mmp_f); // From Float to Double
+      PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
+
+      d=real(innerProduct(p_d,mmp_d));    
+      axpy(mmp_d,mass[0],p_d,mmp_d);
+      RealD rn = norm2(p_d);
+      d += rn*mass[0];
+    
+      bp=b;
+      b=-cp/d;
+
+      // Toggle the recurrence history
+      bs[0] = b;
+      iz = 1-iz;
+      ShiftTimer.Start();
+      for(int s=1;s<nshift;s++){
+	if((!converged[s])){
+	  RealD z0 = z[s][1-iz];
+	  RealD z1 = z[s][iz];
+	  z[s][iz] = z0*z1*bp
+	    / (b*a*(z1-z0) + z1*bp*(1- (mass[s]-mass[0])*b)); 
+	  bs[s] = b*z[s][iz]/z0; // NB sign  rel to Mike
+	}
+      }
+      ShiftTimer.Stop();
+
+      //Update single precision solutions
+      AXPYTimer.Start();
+      for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+	int ss = s;
+	if( (!converged[s]) ) { 
+	  axpy(psi_f[ss],-bs[s]*alpha[s],ps_f[s],psi_f[ss]);
+	}
+      }
+      c = axpy_norm(r_d,b,mmp_d,r_d);
+      AXPYTimer.Stop();
+    
+      // Convergence checks
+      int all_converged = 1;
+      for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+      
+	if ( (!converged[s]) ){
+	  IterationsToCompleteShift[s] = k;
+	
+	  RealD css  = c * z[s][iz]* z[s][iz];
+	
+	  if(css<rsqf[s]){
+	    if ( ! converged[s] )
+	      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup k="<<k<<" Shift "<<s<<" has converged"<<std::endl;
+	    converged[s]=1;
+	  } else {
+	    all_converged=0;
+	  }
+
+	}
+      }
+
+      if ( all_converged || k == MaxIterationsMshift-1){
+
+	SolverTimer.Stop();
+
+	for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+	  precisionChange(psi_d[s],psi_f[s]);
+	}
+
+	
+	if ( all_converged ){
+	  std::cout<<GridLogMessage<< "ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup: All shifts have converged iteration "<<k<<std::endl;
+	  std::cout<<GridLogMessage<< "ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup: Checking solutions"<<std::endl;
+	} else {
+	  std::cout<<GridLogMessage<< "ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup: Not all shifts have converged iteration "<<k<<std::endl;
+	}
+	
+	// Check answers 
+	for(int s=0; s < nshift; s++) { 
+	  Linop_d.HermOpAndNorm(psi_d[s],mmp_d,d,qq);
+	  axpy(tmp_d,mass[s],psi_d[s],mmp_d);
+	  axpy(r_d,-alpha[s],src_d,tmp_d);
+	  RealD rn = norm2(r_d);
+	  RealD cn = norm2(src_d);
+	  TrueResidualShift[s] = std::sqrt(rn/cn);
+	  std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup: shift["<<s<<"] true residual "<< TrueResidualShift[s] << " target " << mresidual[s] << std::endl;
+
+	  //If we have not reached the desired tolerance, do a (mixed precision) CG cleanup
+	  if(rn >= rsq[s]){
+	    CleanupTimer.Start();
+	    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup: performing cleanup step for shift " << s << std::endl;
+
+	    //Setup linear operators for final cleanup
+	    ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecSupport::ShiftedLinop<FieldD> Linop_shift_d(Linop_d, mass[s]);
+	    ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecSupport::ShiftedLinop<FieldF> Linop_shift_f(Linop_f, mass[s]);
+					       
+	    MixedPrecisionConjugateGradient<FieldD,FieldF> cg(mresidual[s], MaxIterations, MaxIterations, SinglePrecGrid, Linop_shift_f, Linop_shift_d); 
+	    cg(src_d, psi_d[s]);
+	    
+	    TrueResidualShift[s] = cg.TrueResidual;
+	    CleanupTimer.Stop();
+	  }
+	}
+
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecCleanup: Time Breakdown for body"<<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tSolver    " << SolverTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\t\tAXPY    " << AXPYTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\t\tMatrix    " << MatrixTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\t\tShift    " << ShiftTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\t\tPrecision Change " << PrecChangeTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tFinal Cleanup " << CleanupTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tSolver+Cleanup " << SolverTimer.Elapsed() + CleanupTimer.Elapsed() << std::endl;
+
+	IterationsToComplete = k;	
+
+	return;
+      }
+   
+    }
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"CG multi shift did not converge"<<std::endl;
+    assert(0);
+  }
+
+};
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+

Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec.h

@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+
+    Source file: ./lib/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientMultiShift.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2015
+
+Author: Azusa Yamaguchi <ayamaguc@staffmail.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: Christopher Kelly <ckelly@bnl.gov>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+#ifndef GRID_CONJUGATE_GRADIENT_MULTI_SHIFT_MIXEDPREC_H
+#define GRID_CONJUGATE_GRADIENT_MULTI_SHIFT_MIXEDPREC_H
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+//CK 2020: A variant of the multi-shift conjugate gradient with the matrix multiplication in single precision. 
+//The residual is stored in single precision, but the search directions and solution are stored in double precision. 
+//Every update_freq iterations the residual is corrected in double precision. 
+    
+//For safety the a final regular CG is applied to clean up if necessary
+
+//Linop to add shift to input linop, used in cleanup CG
+namespace ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecSupport{
+template<typename Field>
+class ShiftedLinop: public LinearOperatorBase<Field>{
+public:
+  LinearOperatorBase<Field> &linop_base;
+  RealD shift;
+
+  ShiftedLinop(LinearOperatorBase<Field> &_linop_base, RealD _shift): linop_base(_linop_base), shift(_shift){}
+
+  void OpDiag (const Field &in, Field &out){ assert(0); }
+  void OpDir  (const Field &in, Field &out,int dir,int disp){ assert(0); }
+  void OpDirAll  (const Field &in, std::vector<Field> &out){ assert(0); }
+  
+  void Op     (const Field &in, Field &out){ assert(0); }
+  void AdjOp  (const Field &in, Field &out){ assert(0); }
+
+  void HermOp(const Field &in, Field &out){
+    linop_base.HermOp(in, out);
+    axpy(out, shift, in, out);
+  }    
+
+  void HermOpAndNorm(const Field &in, Field &out,RealD &n1,RealD &n2){
+    HermOp(in,out);
+    ComplexD dot = innerProduct(in,out);
+    n1=real(dot);
+    n2=norm2(out);
+  }
+};
+};
+
+
+template<class FieldD, class FieldF,
+	 typename std::enable_if< getPrecision<FieldD>::value == 2, int>::type = 0,
+	 typename std::enable_if< getPrecision<FieldF>::value == 1, int>::type = 0> 
+class ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec : public OperatorMultiFunction<FieldD>,
+					     public OperatorFunction<FieldD>
+{
+public:                                                
+
+  using OperatorFunction<FieldD>::operator();
+
+  RealD   Tolerance;
+  Integer MaxIterationsMshift;
+  Integer MaxIterations;
+  Integer IterationsToComplete; //Number of iterations the CG took to finish. Filled in upon completion
+  std::vector<int> IterationsToCompleteShift;  // Iterations for this shift
+  int verbose;
+  MultiShiftFunction shifts;
+  std::vector<RealD> TrueResidualShift;
+
+  int ReliableUpdateFreq; //number of iterations between reliable updates
+
+  GridBase* SinglePrecGrid; //Grid for single-precision fields
+  LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> &Linop_f; //single precision
+
+  ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec(Integer maxit, const MultiShiftFunction &_shifts,
+				       GridBase* _SinglePrecGrid, LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> &_Linop_f,
+				       int _ReliableUpdateFreq) : 
+    MaxIterationsMshift(maxit),  shifts(_shifts), SinglePrecGrid(_SinglePrecGrid), Linop_f(_Linop_f), ReliableUpdateFreq(_ReliableUpdateFreq),
+    MaxIterations(20000)
+  { 
+    verbose=1;
+    IterationsToCompleteShift.resize(_shifts.order);
+    TrueResidualShift.resize(_shifts.order);
+  }
+
+  void operator() (LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &Linop, const FieldD &src, FieldD &psi)
+  {
+    GridBase *grid = src.Grid();
+    int nshift = shifts.order;
+    std::vector<FieldD> results(nshift,grid);
+    (*this)(Linop,src,results,psi);
+  }
+  void operator() (LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &Linop, const FieldD &src, std::vector<FieldD> &results, FieldD &psi)
+  {
+    int nshift = shifts.order;
+
+    (*this)(Linop,src,results);
+  
+    psi = shifts.norm*src;
+    for(int i=0;i<nshift;i++){
+      psi = psi + shifts.residues[i]*results[i];
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  void operator() (LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &Linop_d, const FieldD &src_d, std::vector<FieldD> &psi_d)
+  { 
+    GRID_TRACE("ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec");
+    GridBase *DoublePrecGrid = src_d.Grid();
+
+    precisionChangeWorkspace pc_wk_s_to_d(DoublePrecGrid,SinglePrecGrid);
+    precisionChangeWorkspace pc_wk_d_to_s(SinglePrecGrid,DoublePrecGrid);
+    
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Convenience references to the info stored in "MultiShiftFunction"
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    int nshift = shifts.order;
+
+    std::vector<RealD> &mass(shifts.poles); // Make references to array in "shifts"
+    std::vector<RealD> &mresidual(shifts.tolerances);
+    std::vector<RealD> alpha(nshift,1.0);
+
+    //Double precision search directions
+    FieldD p_d(DoublePrecGrid);
+    std::vector<FieldD> ps_d(nshift, DoublePrecGrid);// Search directions (double precision)
+
+    FieldD tmp_d(DoublePrecGrid);
+    FieldD r_d(DoublePrecGrid);
+    FieldD mmp_d(DoublePrecGrid);
+
+    assert(psi_d.size()==nshift);
+    assert(mass.size()==nshift);
+    assert(mresidual.size()==nshift);
+  
+    // dynamic sized arrays on stack; 2d is a pain with vector
+    RealD  bs[nshift];
+    RealD  rsq[nshift];
+    RealD  rsqf[nshift];
+    RealD  z[nshift][2];
+    int     converged[nshift];
+  
+    const int       primary =0;
+  
+    //Primary shift fields CG iteration
+    RealD a,b,c,d;
+    RealD cp,bp,qq; //prev
+  
+    // Matrix mult fields
+    FieldF p_f(SinglePrecGrid);
+    FieldF mmp_f(SinglePrecGrid);
+
+    // Check lightest mass
+    for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+      assert( mass[s]>= mass[primary] );
+      converged[s]=0;
+    }
+  
+    // Wire guess to zero
+    // Residuals "r" are src
+    // First search direction "p" is also src
+    cp = norm2(src_d);
+
+    // Handle trivial case of zero src.
+    if( cp == 0. ){
+      for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+	psi_d[s] = Zero();
+	IterationsToCompleteShift[s] = 1;
+	TrueResidualShift[s] = 0.;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+      rsq[s] = cp * mresidual[s] * mresidual[s];
+      rsqf[s] =rsq[s];
+      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec: shift "<< s <<" target resid "<<rsq[s]<<std::endl;
+      ps_d[s] = src_d;
+    }
+    // r and p for primary
+    p_d = src_d; //primary copy --- make this a reference to ps_d to save axpys
+    r_d = p_d;
+    
+    //MdagM+m[0]
+    precisionChange(p_f, p_d, pc_wk_d_to_s);
+
+    Linop_f.HermOpAndNorm(p_f,mmp_f,d,qq); // mmp = MdagM p        d=real(dot(p, mmp)),  qq=norm2(mmp)
+    precisionChange(tmp_d, mmp_f, pc_wk_s_to_d);
+    Linop_d.HermOpAndNorm(p_d,mmp_d,d,qq); // mmp = MdagM p        d=real(dot(p, mmp)),  qq=norm2(mmp)
+    tmp_d = tmp_d - mmp_d;
+    std::cout << " Testing operators match "<<norm2(mmp_d)<<" f "<<norm2(mmp_f)<<" diff "<< norm2(tmp_d)<<std::endl;
+    assert(norm2(tmp_d)< 1.0);
+
+    axpy(mmp_d,mass[0],p_d,mmp_d);
+    RealD rn = norm2(p_d);
+    d += rn*mass[0];
+
+    b = -cp /d;
+  
+    // Set up the various shift variables
+    int       iz=0;
+    z[0][1-iz] = 1.0;
+    z[0][iz]   = 1.0;
+    bs[0]      = b;
+    for(int s=1;s<nshift;s++){
+      z[s][1-iz] = 1.0;
+      z[s][iz]   = 1.0/( 1.0 - b*(mass[s]-mass[0]));
+      bs[s]      = b*z[s][iz]; 
+    }
+  
+    // r += b[0] A.p[0]
+    // c= norm(r)
+    c=axpy_norm(r_d,b,mmp_d,r_d);
+  
+    for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++) {
+      axpby(psi_d[s],0.,-bs[s]*alpha[s],src_d,src_d);
+    }
+  
+    ///////////////////////////////////////
+    // Timers
+    ///////////////////////////////////////
+    GridStopWatch AXPYTimer, ShiftTimer, QRTimer, MatrixTimer, SolverTimer, PrecChangeTimer, CleanupTimer;
+
+    SolverTimer.Start();
+  
+    // Iteration loop
+    int k;
+  
+    for (k=1;k<=MaxIterationsMshift;k++){    
+
+      a = c /cp;
+      AXPYTimer.Start();
+      axpy(p_d,a,p_d,r_d); 
+
+      for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+	if ( ! converged[s] ) { 
+	  if (s==0){
+	    axpy(ps_d[s],a,ps_d[s],r_d);
+	  } else{
+	    RealD as =a *z[s][iz]*bs[s] /(z[s][1-iz]*b);
+	    axpby(ps_d[s],z[s][iz],as,r_d,ps_d[s]);
+	  }
+	}
+      }
+      AXPYTimer.Stop();
+
+      PrecChangeTimer.Start();
+      precisionChange(p_f, p_d, pc_wk_d_to_s); //get back single prec search direction for linop
+      PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
+
+      cp=c;
+      MatrixTimer.Start();  
+      Linop_f.HermOp(p_f,mmp_f);
+      MatrixTimer.Stop();  
+
+      PrecChangeTimer.Start();
+      precisionChange(mmp_d, mmp_f, pc_wk_s_to_d); // From Float to Double
+      PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
+
+      AXPYTimer.Start();
+      d=real(innerProduct(p_d,mmp_d));    
+      axpy(mmp_d,mass[0],p_d,mmp_d);
+      AXPYTimer.Stop();
+      RealD rn = norm2(p_d);
+      d += rn*mass[0];
+    
+      bp=b;
+      b=-cp/d;
+
+      // Toggle the recurrence history
+      bs[0] = b;
+      iz = 1-iz;
+      ShiftTimer.Start();
+      for(int s=1;s<nshift;s++){
+	if((!converged[s])){
+	  RealD z0 = z[s][1-iz];
+	  RealD z1 = z[s][iz];
+	  z[s][iz] = z0*z1*bp
+	    / (b*a*(z1-z0) + z1*bp*(1- (mass[s]-mass[0])*b)); 
+	  bs[s] = b*z[s][iz]/z0; // NB sign  rel to Mike
+	}
+      }
+      ShiftTimer.Stop();
+
+      //Update double precision solutions
+      AXPYTimer.Start();
+      for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+	int ss = s;
+	if( (!converged[s]) ) { 
+	  axpy(psi_d[ss],-bs[s]*alpha[s],ps_d[s],psi_d[ss]);
+	}
+      }
+
+      //Perform reliable update if necessary; otherwise update residual from single-prec mmp
+      c = axpy_norm(r_d,b,mmp_d,r_d);
+
+      AXPYTimer.Stop();
+
+      if(k % ReliableUpdateFreq == 0){
+	RealD c_old = c;
+	//Replace r with true residual
+	MatrixTimer.Start();  
+	Linop_d.HermOp(psi_d[0],mmp_d); 
+	MatrixTimer.Stop();  
+
+	AXPYTimer.Start();
+	axpy(mmp_d,mass[0],psi_d[0],mmp_d);
+
+	c = axpy_norm(r_d, -1.0, mmp_d, src_d);
+	AXPYTimer.Stop();
+
+	std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec k="<<k<< ", replaced |r|^2 = "<<c_old <<" with |r|^2 = "<<c<<std::endl;
+      }
+    
+      // Convergence checks
+      int all_converged = 1;
+      for(int s=0;s<nshift;s++){
+      
+	if ( (!converged[s]) ){
+	  IterationsToCompleteShift[s] = k;
+	
+	  RealD css  = c * z[s][iz]* z[s][iz];
+	
+	  if(css<rsqf[s]){
+	    if ( ! converged[s] )
+	      std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec k="<<k<<" Shift "<<s<<" has converged"<<std::endl;
+	    converged[s]=1;
+	  } else {
+	    all_converged=0;
+	  }
+
+	}
+      }
+
+      if ( all_converged || k == MaxIterationsMshift-1){
+
+	SolverTimer.Stop();
+
+	if ( all_converged ){
+	  std::cout<<GridLogMessage<< "ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec: All shifts have converged iteration "<<k<<std::endl;
+	  std::cout<<GridLogMessage<< "ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec: Checking solutions"<<std::endl;
+	} else {
+	  std::cout<<GridLogMessage<< "ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec: Not all shifts have converged iteration "<<k<<std::endl;
+	}
+	
+	// Check answers 
+	for(int s=0; s < nshift; s++) { 
+	  Linop_d.HermOpAndNorm(psi_d[s],mmp_d,d,qq);
+	  axpy(tmp_d,mass[s],psi_d[s],mmp_d);
+	  axpy(r_d,-alpha[s],src_d,tmp_d);
+	  RealD rn = norm2(r_d);
+	  RealD cn = norm2(src_d);
+	  TrueResidualShift[s] = std::sqrt(rn/cn);
+	  std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec: shift["<<s<<"] true residual "<< TrueResidualShift[s] << " target " << mresidual[s] << std::endl;
+
+	  //If we have not reached the desired tolerance, do a (mixed precision) CG cleanup
+	  if(rn >= rsq[s]){
+	    CleanupTimer.Start();
+	    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec: performing cleanup step for shift " << s << std::endl;
+
+	    //Setup linear operators for final cleanup
+	    ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecSupport::ShiftedLinop<FieldD> Linop_shift_d(Linop_d, mass[s]);
+	    ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrecSupport::ShiftedLinop<FieldF> Linop_shift_f(Linop_f, mass[s]);
+					       
+	    MixedPrecisionConjugateGradient<FieldD,FieldF> cg(mresidual[s], MaxIterations, MaxIterations, SinglePrecGrid, Linop_shift_f, Linop_shift_d); 
+	    cg(src_d, psi_d[s]);
+	    
+	    TrueResidualShift[s] = cg.TrueResidual;
+	    CleanupTimer.Stop();
+	  }
+	}
+
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "ConjugateGradientMultiShiftMixedPrec: Time Breakdown for body"<<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tSolver    " << SolverTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\t\tAXPY    " << AXPYTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\t\tMatrix    " << MatrixTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\t\tShift    " << ShiftTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\t\tPrecision Change " << PrecChangeTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tFinal Cleanup " << CleanupTimer.Elapsed()     <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tSolver+Cleanup " << SolverTimer.Elapsed() + CleanupTimer.Elapsed() << std::endl;
+
+	IterationsToComplete = k;	
+
+	return;
+      }
+   
+    }
+    std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"CG multi shift did not converge"<<std::endl;
+    assert(0);
+  }
+
+};
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+#endif

Grid/algorithms/iterative/ConjugateGradientReliableUpdate.h

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public:
   LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> &Linop_f;
   LinearOperatorBase<FieldD> &Linop_d;
   GridBase* SinglePrecGrid;
-  RealD Delta; //reliable update parameter
+  RealD Delta; //reliable update parameter. A reliable update is performed when the residual drops by a factor of Delta relative to its value at the last update
 
   //Optional ability to switch to a different linear operator once the tolerance reaches a certain point. Useful for single/half -> single/single
   LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> *Linop_fallback;
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ public:
       ErrorOnNoConverge(err_on_no_conv),
       DoFinalCleanup(true),
       Linop_fallback(NULL)
-  {};
+  {
+    assert(Delta > 0. && Delta < 1. && "Expect  0 < Delta < 1");
+  };
 
   void setFallbackLinop(LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> &_Linop_fallback, const RealD _fallback_transition_tol){
     Linop_fallback = &_Linop_fallback;
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ public:
   }
     
   void operator()(const FieldD &src, FieldD &psi) {
+    GRID_TRACE("ConjugateGradientReliableUpdate");
     LinearOperatorBase<FieldF> *Linop_f_use = &Linop_f;
     bool using_fallback = false;
       
@@ -115,9 +118,12 @@ public:
     }
 
     //Single prec initialization
+    precisionChangeWorkspace pc_wk_sp_to_dp(src.Grid(), SinglePrecGrid);
+    precisionChangeWorkspace pc_wk_dp_to_sp(SinglePrecGrid, src.Grid());
+    
     FieldF r_f(SinglePrecGrid);
     r_f.Checkerboard() = r.Checkerboard();
-    precisionChange(r_f, r);
+    precisionChange(r_f, r, pc_wk_dp_to_sp);
 
     FieldF psi_f(r_f);
     psi_f = Zero();
@@ -133,7 +139,8 @@ public:
     GridStopWatch LinalgTimer;
     GridStopWatch MatrixTimer;
     GridStopWatch SolverTimer;
-
+    GridStopWatch PrecChangeTimer;
+    
     SolverTimer.Start();
     int k = 0;
     int l = 0;
@@ -172,7 +179,9 @@ public:
       // Stopping condition
       if (cp <= rsq) {
 	//Although not written in the paper, I assume that I have to add on the final solution
-	precisionChange(mmp, psi_f);
+	PrecChangeTimer.Start();
+	precisionChange(mmp, psi_f, pc_wk_sp_to_dp);
+	PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
 	psi = psi + mmp;
 	
 	
@@ -193,7 +202,10 @@ public:
 	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tElapsed    " << SolverTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
 	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tMatrix     " << MatrixTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
 	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tLinalg     " << LinalgTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tPrecChange " << PrecChangeTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
+	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tPrecChange avg time " << PrecChangeTimer.Elapsed()/(2*l+1) <<std::endl;
 
+	
 	IterationsToComplete = k;	
 	ReliableUpdatesPerformed = l;
 	  
@@ -213,14 +225,21 @@ public:
       else if(cp < Delta * MaxResidSinceLastRelUp) { //reliable update
 	std::cout << GridLogMessage << "ConjugateGradientReliableUpdate "
 		  << cp << "(residual) < " << Delta << "(Delta) * " << MaxResidSinceLastRelUp << "(MaxResidSinceLastRelUp) on iteration " << k << " : performing reliable update\n";
-	precisionChange(mmp, psi_f);
+	PrecChangeTimer.Start();
+	precisionChange(mmp, psi_f, pc_wk_sp_to_dp);
+	PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
 	psi = psi + mmp;
 
+	MatrixTimer.Start();
 	Linop_d.HermOpAndNorm(psi, mmp, d, qq);
+	MatrixTimer.Stop();
+	
 	r = src - mmp;
 
 	psi_f = Zero();
-	precisionChange(r_f, r);
+	PrecChangeTimer.Start();
+	precisionChange(r_f, r, pc_wk_dp_to_sp);
+	PrecChangeTimer.Stop();
 	cp = norm2(r);
 	MaxResidSinceLastRelUp = cp;
 

Grid/algorithms/iterative/Deflation.h

@@ -33,16 +33,19 @@ namespace Grid {
 template<class Field>
 class ZeroGuesser: public LinearFunction<Field> {
 public:
+  using LinearFunction<Field>::operator();
     virtual void operator()(const Field &src, Field &guess) { guess = Zero(); };
 };
 template<class Field>
 class DoNothingGuesser: public LinearFunction<Field> {
 public:
+  using LinearFunction<Field>::operator();
   virtual void operator()(const Field &src, Field &guess) {  };
 };
 template<class Field>
 class SourceGuesser: public LinearFunction<Field> {
 public:
+  using LinearFunction<Field>::operator();
   virtual void operator()(const Field &src, Field &guess) { guess = src; };
 };
 
@@ -54,15 +57,24 @@ class DeflatedGuesser: public LinearFunction<Field> {
 private:
   const std::vector<Field> &evec;
   const std::vector<RealD> &eval;
+  const unsigned int       N;
 
 public:
+  using LinearFunction<Field>::operator();
 
-  DeflatedGuesser(const std::vector<Field> & _evec,const std::vector<RealD> & _eval) : evec(_evec), eval(_eval) {};
+  DeflatedGuesser(const std::vector<Field> & _evec,const std::vector<RealD> & _eval)
+  : DeflatedGuesser(_evec, _eval, _evec.size())
+  {}
+
+  DeflatedGuesser(const std::vector<Field> & _evec, const std::vector<RealD> & _eval, const unsigned int _N)
+  : evec(_evec), eval(_eval), N(_N)
+  {
+    assert(evec.size()==eval.size());
+    assert(N <= evec.size());
+  } 
 
   virtual void operator()(const Field &src,Field &guess) {
     guess = Zero();
-    assert(evec.size()==eval.size());
-    auto N = evec.size();
     for (int i=0;i<N;i++) {
       const Field& tmp = evec[i];
       axpy(guess,TensorRemove(innerProduct(tmp,src)) / eval[i],tmp,guess);
@@ -79,6 +91,7 @@ private:
   const std::vector<RealD>       &eval_coarse;
 public:
   
+  using LinearFunction<FineField>::operator();
   LocalCoherenceDeflatedGuesser(const std::vector<FineField>   &_subspace,
 				const std::vector<CoarseField> &_evec_coarse,
 				const std::vector<RealD>       &_eval_coarse)
@@ -100,7 +113,43 @@ public:
     blockPromote(guess_coarse,guess,subspace);
     guess.Checkerboard() = src.Checkerboard();
   };
-};
+
+  void operator()(const std::vector<FineField> &src,std::vector<FineField> &guess) {
+    int Nevec = (int)evec_coarse.size();
+    int Nsrc = (int)src.size();
+    // make temp variables
+    std::vector<CoarseField> src_coarse(Nsrc,evec_coarse[0].Grid());
+    std::vector<CoarseField> guess_coarse(Nsrc,evec_coarse[0].Grid());    
+    //Preporcessing
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Start BlockProject for loop" << std::endl;
+    for (int j=0;j<Nsrc;j++)
+    {
+    guess_coarse[j] = Zero();
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "BlockProject iter: " << j << std::endl;
+    blockProject(src_coarse[j],src[j],subspace);
+    }
+    //deflation set up for eigen vector batchsize 1 and source batch size equal number of sources
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Start ProjectAccum for loop" << std::endl;
+    for (int i=0;i<Nevec;i++)
+    {
+      std::cout << GridLogMessage << "ProjectAccum Nvec: " << i << std::endl;
+      const CoarseField & tmp = evec_coarse[i];
+      for (int j=0;j<Nsrc;j++)
+      {
+        axpy(guess_coarse[j],TensorRemove(innerProduct(tmp,src_coarse[j])) / eval_coarse[i],tmp,guess_coarse[j]);
+      }
+    }
+    //postprocessing
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Start BlockPromote for loop" << std::endl;
+    for (int j=0;j<Nsrc;j++)
+    {
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "BlockProject iter: " << j << std::endl;
+    blockPromote(guess_coarse[j],guess[j],subspace);
+    guess[j].Checkerboard() = src[j].Checkerboard();
+    }
+  };
+
+  };
 
 
 

Grid/algorithms/iterative/LocalCoherenceLanczos.h

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ public:
 				  int, MinRes);    // Must restart
 };
 
+//This class is the input parameter class for some testing programs
 struct LocalCoherenceLanczosParams : Serializable {
 public:
   GRID_SERIALIZABLE_CLASS_MEMBERS(LocalCoherenceLanczosParams,
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ public:
 template<class Fobj,class CComplex,int nbasis>
 class ProjectedHermOp : public LinearFunction<Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis > > > {
 public:
+  using LinearFunction<Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis > > >::operator();
   typedef iVector<CComplex,nbasis >           CoarseSiteVector;
   typedef Lattice<CoarseSiteVector>           CoarseField;
   typedef Lattice<CComplex>   CoarseScalar; // used for inner products on fine field
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ public:
 template<class Fobj,class CComplex,int nbasis>
 class ProjectedFunctionHermOp : public LinearFunction<Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis > > > {
 public:
+  using LinearFunction<Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis > > >::operator();
   typedef iVector<CComplex,nbasis >           CoarseSiteVector;
   typedef Lattice<CoarseSiteVector>           CoarseField;
   typedef Lattice<CComplex>   CoarseScalar; // used for inner products on fine field
@@ -143,16 +146,24 @@ public:
   LinearOperatorBase<FineField> &_Linop;
   RealD                             _coarse_relax_tol;
   std::vector<FineField>        &_subspace;
+
+  int _largestEvalIdxForReport; //The convergence of the LCL is based on the evals of the coarse grid operator, not those of the underlying fine grid operator
+                                //As a result we do not know what the eval range of the fine operator is until the very end, making tuning the Cheby bounds very difficult
+                                //To work around this issue, every restart we separately reconstruct the fine operator eval for the lowest and highest evec and print these
+                                //out alongside the evals of the coarse operator. To do so we need to know the index of the largest eval (i.e. Nstop-1)
+                                //NOTE: If largestEvalIdxForReport=-1 (default) then this is not performed
   
   ImplicitlyRestartedLanczosSmoothedTester(LinearFunction<CoarseField>   &Poly,
 					   OperatorFunction<FineField>   &smoother,
 					   LinearOperatorBase<FineField> &Linop,
 					   std::vector<FineField>        &subspace,
-					   RealD coarse_relax_tol=5.0e3) 
+					   RealD coarse_relax_tol=5.0e3,
+					   int largestEvalIdxForReport=-1) 
     : _smoother(smoother), _Linop(Linop), _Poly(Poly), _subspace(subspace),
-      _coarse_relax_tol(coarse_relax_tol)  
+      _coarse_relax_tol(coarse_relax_tol), _largestEvalIdxForReport(largestEvalIdxForReport)
   {    };
 
+  //evalMaxApprox: approximation of largest eval of the fine Chebyshev operator (suitably wrapped by block projection)
   int TestConvergence(int j,RealD eresid,CoarseField &B, RealD &eval,RealD evalMaxApprox)
   {
     CoarseField v(B);
@@ -175,12 +186,26 @@ public:
 	     <<" |H B[i] - eval[i]B[i]|^2 / evalMaxApprox^2 " << std::setw(25) << vv
 	     <<std::endl;
 
+    if(_largestEvalIdxForReport != -1 && (j==0 || j==_largestEvalIdxForReport)){
+      std::cout<<GridLogIRL << "Estimating true eval of fine grid operator for eval idx " << j << std::endl;
+      RealD tmp_eval;
+      ReconstructEval(j,eresid,B,tmp_eval,1.0); //don't use evalMaxApprox of coarse operator! (cf below)
+    }
+    
     int conv=0;
     if( (vv<eresid*eresid) ) conv = 1;
     return conv;
   }
-  int ReconstructEval(int j,RealD eresid,CoarseField &B, RealD &eval,RealD evalMaxApprox)
+
+  //This function is called at the end of the coarse grid Lanczos. It promotes the coarse eigenvector 'B' to the fine grid,
+  //applies a smoother to the result then computes the computes the *fine grid* eigenvalue (output as 'eval').
+
+  //evalMaxApprox should be the approximation of the largest eval of the fine Hermop. However when this function is called by IRL it actually passes the largest eval of the *Chebyshev* operator (as this is the max approx used for the TestConvergence above)
+  //As the largest eval of the Chebyshev is typically several orders of magnitude larger this makes the convergence test pass even when it should not.
+  //We therefore ignore evalMaxApprox here and use a value of 1.0 (note this value is already used by TestCoarse)
+  int ReconstructEval(int j,RealD eresid,CoarseField &B, RealD &eval,RealD evalMaxApprox)  
   {
+    evalMaxApprox = 1.0; //cf above
     GridBase *FineGrid = _subspace[0].Grid();    
     int checkerboard   = _subspace[0].Checkerboard();
     FineField fB(FineGrid);fB.Checkerboard() =checkerboard;
@@ -199,13 +224,13 @@ public:
     eval   = vnum/vden;
     fv -= eval*fB;
     RealD vv = norm2(fv) / ::pow(evalMaxApprox,2.0);
-
+    if ( j > nbasis ) eresid = eresid*_coarse_relax_tol;
+    
     std::cout.precision(13);
     std::cout<<GridLogIRL  << "[" << std::setw(3)<<j<<"] "
 	     <<"eval = "<<std::setw(25)<< eval << " (" << eval_poly << ")"
-	     <<" |H B[i] - eval[i]B[i]|^2 / evalMaxApprox^2 " << std::setw(25) << vv
+	     <<" |H B[i] - eval[i]B[i]|^2 / evalMaxApprox^2 " << std::setw(25) << vv << " target " << eresid*eresid
 	     <<std::endl;
-    if ( j > nbasis ) eresid = eresid*_coarse_relax_tol;
     if( (vv<eresid*eresid) ) return 1;
     return 0;
   }
@@ -283,6 +308,10 @@ public:
     evals_coarse.resize(0);
   };
 
+  //The block inner product is the inner product on the fine grid locally summed over the blocks
+  //to give a Lattice<Scalar> on the coarse grid. This function orthnormalizes the fine-grid subspace
+  //vectors under the block inner product. This step must be performed after computing the fine grid
+  //eigenvectors and before computing the coarse grid eigenvectors.    
   void Orthogonalise(void ) {
     CoarseScalar InnerProd(_CoarseGrid);
     std::cout << GridLogMessage <<" Gramm-Schmidt pass 1"<<std::endl;
@@ -326,6 +355,8 @@ public:
     }
   }
 
+  //While this method serves to check the coarse eigenvectors, it also recomputes the eigenvalues from the smoothed reconstructed eigenvectors
+  //hence the smoother can be tuned after running the coarse Lanczos by using a different smoother here
   void testCoarse(RealD resid,ChebyParams cheby_smooth,RealD relax) 
   {
     assert(evals_fine.size() == nbasis);
@@ -374,25 +405,31 @@ public:
     evals_fine.resize(nbasis);
     subspace.resize(nbasis,_FineGrid);
   }
+
+
+  //cheby_op: Parameters of the fine grid Chebyshev polynomial used for the Lanczos acceleration
+  //cheby_smooth: Parameters of a separate Chebyshev polynomial used after the Lanczos has completed to smooth out high frequency noise in the reconstructed fine grid eigenvectors prior to computing the eigenvalue
+  //relax: Reconstructed eigenvectors (post smoothing) are naturally not as precise as true eigenvectors. This factor acts as a multiplier on the stopping condition when determining whether the results satisfy the user provided stopping condition
   void calcCoarse(ChebyParams cheby_op,ChebyParams cheby_smooth,RealD relax,
 		  int Nstop, int Nk, int Nm,RealD resid, 
 		  RealD MaxIt, RealD betastp, int MinRes)
   {
-    Chebyshev<FineField>                          Cheby(cheby_op);
-    ProjectedHermOp<Fobj,CComplex,nbasis>         Op(_FineOp,subspace);
-    ProjectedFunctionHermOp<Fobj,CComplex,nbasis> ChebyOp (Cheby,_FineOp,subspace);
+    Chebyshev<FineField>                          Cheby(cheby_op); //Chebyshev of fine operator on fine grid
+    ProjectedHermOp<Fobj,CComplex,nbasis>         Op(_FineOp,subspace); //Fine operator on coarse grid with intermediate fine grid conversion
+    ProjectedFunctionHermOp<Fobj,CComplex,nbasis> ChebyOp (Cheby,_FineOp,subspace); //Chebyshev of fine operator on coarse grid with intermediate fine grid conversion
     //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // create a smoother and see if we can get a cheap convergence test and smooth inside the IRL
     //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-    Chebyshev<FineField>                                           ChebySmooth(cheby_smooth);
-    ImplicitlyRestartedLanczosSmoothedTester<Fobj,CComplex,nbasis> ChebySmoothTester(ChebyOp,ChebySmooth,_FineOp,subspace,relax);
+    Chebyshev<FineField>                                           ChebySmooth(cheby_smooth); //lower order Chebyshev of fine operator on fine grid used to smooth regenerated eigenvectors
+    ImplicitlyRestartedLanczosSmoothedTester<Fobj,CComplex,nbasis> ChebySmoothTester(ChebyOp,ChebySmooth,_FineOp,subspace,relax,Nstop-1); 
 
     evals_coarse.resize(Nm);
     evec_coarse.resize(Nm,_CoarseGrid);
 
     CoarseField src(_CoarseGrid);     src=1.0; 
 
+    //Note the "tester" here is also responsible for generating the fine grid eigenvalues which are output into the "evals_coarse" array
     ImplicitlyRestartedLanczos<CoarseField> IRL(ChebyOp,ChebyOp,ChebySmoothTester,Nstop,Nk,Nm,resid,MaxIt,betastp,MinRes);
     int Nconv=0;
     IRL.calc(evals_coarse,evec_coarse,src,Nconv,false);
@@ -403,6 +440,14 @@ public:
       std::cout << i << " Coarse eval = " << evals_coarse[i]  << std::endl;
     }
   }
+
+  //Get the fine eigenvector 'i' by reconstruction
+  void getFineEvecEval(FineField &evec, RealD &eval, const int i) const{
+    blockPromote(evec_coarse[i],evec,subspace);  
+    eval = evals_coarse[i];
+  }
+    
+    
 };
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/algorithms/iterative/PowerMethod.h

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ template<class Field> class PowerMethod
       RealD vnum = real(innerProduct(src_n,tmp)); // HermOp. 
       RealD vden = norm2(src_n); 
       RealD na = vnum/vden; 
+
+      std::cout << GridLogIterative << "PowerMethod: Current approximation of largest eigenvalue " << na << std::endl;
       
       if ( (fabs(evalMaxApprox/na - 1.0) < 0.001) || (i==_MAX_ITER_EST_-1) ) { 
  	evalMaxApprox = na; 

Grid/algorithms/iterative/PrecGeneralisedConjugateResidual.h

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 template<class Field>
 class PrecGeneralisedConjugateResidual : public LinearFunction<Field> {
 public:                                                
-
+  using LinearFunction<Field>::operator();
   RealD   Tolerance;
   Integer MaxIterations;
   int verbose;

Grid/algorithms/iterative/PrecGeneralisedConjugateResidualNonHermitian.h

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+
+    Source file: ./lib/algorithms/iterative/PrecGeneralisedConjugateResidual.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2015
+
+Author: Azusa Yamaguchi <ayamaguc@staffmail.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+#ifndef GRID_PREC_GCR_NON_HERM_H
+#define GRID_PREC_GCR_NON_HERM_H
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//VPGCR Abe and Zhang, 2005.
+//INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING
+//Computing and Information Volume 2, Number 2, Pages 147-161
+//NB. Likely not original reference since they are focussing on a preconditioner variant.
+//    but VPGCR was nicely written up in their paper
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+#define GCRLogLevel std::cout << GridLogMessage <<std::string(level,'\t')<< " Level "<<level<<" " 
+
+template<class Field>
+class PrecGeneralisedConjugateResidualNonHermitian : public LinearFunction<Field> {
+public:                                                
+  using LinearFunction<Field>::operator();
+  RealD   Tolerance;
+  Integer MaxIterations;
+  int verbose;
+  int mmax;
+  int nstep;
+  int steps;
+  int level;
+  GridStopWatch PrecTimer;
+  GridStopWatch MatTimer;
+  GridStopWatch LinalgTimer;
+
+  LinearFunction<Field>     &Preconditioner;
+  LinearOperatorBase<Field> &Linop;
+
+  void Level(int lv) { level=lv; };
+
+  PrecGeneralisedConjugateResidualNonHermitian(RealD tol,Integer maxit,LinearOperatorBase<Field> &_Linop,LinearFunction<Field> &Prec,int _mmax,int _nstep) : 
+    Tolerance(tol), 
+    MaxIterations(maxit),
+    Linop(_Linop),
+    Preconditioner(Prec),
+    mmax(_mmax),
+    nstep(_nstep)
+  { 
+    level=1;
+    verbose=1;
+  };
+
+  void operator() (const Field &src, Field &psi){
+
+    psi=Zero();
+    RealD cp, ssq,rsq;
+    ssq=norm2(src);
+    rsq=Tolerance*Tolerance*ssq;
+      
+    Field r(src.Grid());
+
+    PrecTimer.Reset();
+    MatTimer.Reset();
+    LinalgTimer.Reset();
+
+    GridStopWatch SolverTimer;
+    SolverTimer.Start();
+
+    steps=0;
+    for(int k=0;k<MaxIterations;k++){
+
+      cp=GCRnStep(src,psi,rsq);
+
+      GCRLogLevel <<"PGCR("<<mmax<<","<<nstep<<") "<< steps <<" steps cp = "<<cp<<" target "<<rsq <<std::endl;
+
+      if(cp<rsq) {
+
+	SolverTimer.Stop();
+
+	Linop.Op(psi,r);
+	axpy(r,-1.0,src,r);
+	RealD tr = norm2(r);
+	GCRLogLevel<<"PGCR: Converged on iteration " <<steps
+		 << " computed residual "<<sqrt(cp/ssq)
+		 << " true residual "    <<sqrt(tr/ssq)
+		 << " target "           <<Tolerance <<std::endl;
+
+	GCRLogLevel<<"PGCR Time elapsed: Total  "<< SolverTimer.Elapsed() <<std::endl;
+	return;
+      }
+
+    }
+    GCRLogLevel<<"Variable Preconditioned GCR did not converge"<<std::endl;
+    //    assert(0);
+  }
+
+  RealD GCRnStep(const Field &src, Field &psi,RealD rsq){
+
+    RealD cp;
+    ComplexD a, b;
+    //    ComplexD zAz;
+    RealD zAAz;
+    ComplexD rq;
+
+    GridBase *grid = src.Grid();
+
+    Field r(grid);
+    Field z(grid);
+    Field tmp(grid);
+    Field ttmp(grid);
+    Field Az(grid);
+
+    ////////////////////////////////
+    // history for flexible orthog
+    ////////////////////////////////
+    std::vector<Field> q(mmax,grid);
+    std::vector<Field> p(mmax,grid);
+    std::vector<RealD> qq(mmax);
+      
+    GCRLogLevel<< "PGCR nStep("<<nstep<<")"<<std::endl;
+
+    //////////////////////////////////
+    // initial guess x0 is taken as nonzero.
+    // r0=src-A x0 = src
+    //////////////////////////////////
+    MatTimer.Start();
+    Linop.Op(psi,Az);
+    //    zAz = innerProduct(Az,psi);
+    zAAz= norm2(Az);
+    MatTimer.Stop();
+    
+
+    LinalgTimer.Start();
+    r=src-Az;
+    LinalgTimer.Stop();
+    GCRLogLevel<< "PGCR true residual r = src - A psi   "<<norm2(r) <<std::endl;
+    
+    /////////////////////
+    // p = Prec(r)
+    /////////////////////
+
+    PrecTimer.Start();
+    Preconditioner(r,z);
+    PrecTimer.Stop();
+
+    MatTimer.Start();
+    Linop.Op(z,Az);
+    MatTimer.Stop();
+
+    LinalgTimer.Start();
+
+    //    zAz = innerProduct(Az,psi);
+    zAAz= norm2(Az);
+
+    //p[0],q[0],qq[0] 
+    p[0]= z;
+    q[0]= Az;
+    qq[0]= zAAz;
+    
+    cp =norm2(r);
+    LinalgTimer.Stop();
+
+    for(int k=0;k<nstep;k++){
+
+      steps++;
+
+      int kp     = k+1;
+      int peri_k = k %mmax;
+      int peri_kp= kp%mmax;
+
+      LinalgTimer.Start();
+      rq= innerProduct(q[peri_k],r); // what if rAr not real?
+      a = rq/qq[peri_k];
+
+      axpy(psi,a,p[peri_k],psi);         
+
+      cp = axpy_norm(r,-a,q[peri_k],r);
+      LinalgTimer.Stop();
+
+      GCRLogLevel<< "PGCR step["<<steps<<"]  resid " << cp << " target " <<rsq<<std::endl; 
+
+      if((k==nstep-1)||(cp<rsq)){
+	return cp;
+      }
+
+
+      PrecTimer.Start();
+      Preconditioner(r,z);// solve Az = r
+      PrecTimer.Stop();
+
+      MatTimer.Start();
+      Linop.Op(z,Az);
+      MatTimer.Stop();
+      //      zAz = innerProduct(Az,psi);
+      zAAz= norm2(Az);
+
+      LinalgTimer.Start();
+
+      q[peri_kp]=Az;
+      p[peri_kp]=z;
+
+      int northog = ((kp)>(mmax-1))?(mmax-1):(kp);  // if more than mmax done, we orthog all mmax history.
+      for(int back=0;back<northog;back++){
+
+	int peri_back=(k-back)%mmax;   	  assert((k-back)>=0);
+
+	b=-real(innerProduct(q[peri_back],Az))/qq[peri_back];
+	p[peri_kp]=p[peri_kp]+b*p[peri_back];
+	q[peri_kp]=q[peri_kp]+b*q[peri_back];
+
+      }
+      qq[peri_kp]=norm2(q[peri_kp]); // could use axpy_norm
+      LinalgTimer.Stop();
+    }
+    assert(0); // never reached
+    return cp;
+  }
+};
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+#endif

Grid/algorithms/iterative/SchurRedBlack.h

@@ -132,6 +132,31 @@ namespace Grid {
       (*this)(_Matrix,in,out,guess);
     }
 
+    void RedBlackSource(Matrix &_Matrix, const std::vector<Field> &in, std::vector<Field> &src_o) 
+    {
+      GridBase *grid = _Matrix.RedBlackGrid();
+      Field tmp(grid);
+      int nblock = in.size();
+      for(int b=0;b<nblock;b++){
+	RedBlackSource(_Matrix,in[b],tmp,src_o[b]);
+      }
+    }
+    // James can write his own deflated guesser
+    // with optimised code for the inner products
+    //    RedBlackSolveSplitGrid();
+    //    RedBlackSolve(_Matrix,src_o,sol_o); 
+
+    void RedBlackSolution(Matrix &_Matrix, const std::vector<Field> &in, const std::vector<Field> &sol_o, std::vector<Field> &out)
+    {
+      GridBase *grid = _Matrix.RedBlackGrid();
+      Field tmp(grid);
+      int nblock = in.size();
+      for(int b=0;b<nblock;b++) {
+	pickCheckerboard(Even,tmp,in[b]);
+	RedBlackSolution(_Matrix,sol_o[b],tmp,out[b]);
+      }
+    }
+
     template<class Guesser>
     void operator()(Matrix &_Matrix, const std::vector<Field> &in, std::vector<Field> &out,Guesser &guess) 
     {
@@ -150,24 +175,29 @@ namespace Grid {
       ////////////////////////////////////////////////
       // Prepare RedBlack source
       ////////////////////////////////////////////////
-      for(int b=0;b<nblock;b++){
-	RedBlackSource(_Matrix,in[b],tmp,src_o[b]);
-      }
+      RedBlackSource(_Matrix,in,src_o);
+	//      for(int b=0;b<nblock;b++){
+	//	RedBlackSource(_Matrix,in[b],tmp,src_o[b]);
+	//      }
+      
       ////////////////////////////////////////////////
       // Make the guesses
       ////////////////////////////////////////////////
       if ( subGuess ) guess_save.resize(nblock,grid);
 
-      for(int b=0;b<nblock;b++){
-        if(useSolnAsInitGuess) {
+      
+      if(useSolnAsInitGuess) {
+        for(int b=0;b<nblock;b++){
           pickCheckerboard(Odd, sol_o[b], out[b]);
-        } else {
-          guess(src_o[b],sol_o[b]); 
         }
+      } else {
+        guess(src_o, sol_o); 
+      }
 
-	if ( subGuess ) { 
-	  guess_save[b] = sol_o[b];
-	}
+	    if ( subGuess ) { 
+        for(int b=0;b<nblock;b++){
+          guess_save[b] = sol_o[b];
+        }
       }
       //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
       // Call the block solver

Grid/allocator/AlignedAllocator.cc

@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-#include <Grid/GridCore.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-
-NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
-
-MemoryStats *MemoryProfiler::stats = nullptr;
-bool         MemoryProfiler::debug = false;
-
-int PointerCache::NcacheSmall = PointerCache::NcacheSmallMax;
-#ifdef GRID_CUDA
-int PointerCache::Ncache      = 32;
-#else 
-int PointerCache::Ncache      = 8;
-#endif
-int PointerCache::Victim;
-int PointerCache::VictimSmall;
-PointerCache::PointerCacheEntry PointerCache::Entries[PointerCache::NcacheMax];
-PointerCache::PointerCacheEntry PointerCache::EntriesSmall[PointerCache::NcacheSmallMax];
-
-void PointerCache::Init(void)
-{
-  char * str;
-
-  str= getenv("GRID_ALLOC_NCACHE_LARGE");
-  if ( str ) Ncache = atoi(str);
-  if ( (Ncache<0) || (Ncache > NcacheMax)) Ncache = NcacheMax;
-
-  str= getenv("GRID_ALLOC_NCACHE_SMALL");
-  if ( str ) NcacheSmall = atoi(str);
-  if ( (NcacheSmall<0) || (NcacheSmall > NcacheSmallMax)) NcacheSmall = NcacheSmallMax;
-
-  //  printf("Aligned alloocator cache: large %d/%d small %d/%d\n",Ncache,NcacheMax,NcacheSmall,NcacheSmallMax);
-}
-void *PointerCache::Insert(void *ptr,size_t bytes) 
-{
-  if (bytes < GRID_ALLOC_SMALL_LIMIT ) 
-    return Insert(ptr,bytes,EntriesSmall,NcacheSmall,VictimSmall);
-  return Insert(ptr,bytes,Entries,Ncache,Victim);  
-}
-void *PointerCache::Insert(void *ptr,size_t bytes,PointerCacheEntry *entries,int ncache,int &victim) 
-{
-#ifdef GRID_OMP
-  assert(omp_in_parallel()==0);
-#endif 
-
-  void * ret = NULL;
-  int v = -1;
-
-  for(int e=0;e<ncache;e++) {
-    if ( entries[e].valid==0 ) {
-      v=e; 
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if ( v==-1 ) {
-    v=victim;
-    victim = (victim+1)%ncache;
-  }
-
-  if ( entries[v].valid ) {
-    ret = entries[v].address;
-    entries[v].valid = 0;
-    entries[v].address = NULL;
-    entries[v].bytes = 0;
-  }
-
-  entries[v].address=ptr;
-  entries[v].bytes  =bytes;
-  entries[v].valid  =1;
-
-  return ret;
-}
-
-void *PointerCache::Lookup(size_t bytes)
-{
-  if (bytes < GRID_ALLOC_SMALL_LIMIT ) 
-    return Lookup(bytes,EntriesSmall,NcacheSmall);
-  return Lookup(bytes,Entries,Ncache);
-}
-void *PointerCache::Lookup(size_t bytes,PointerCacheEntry *entries,int ncache) 
-{
-#ifdef GRID_OMP
-  assert(omp_in_parallel()==0);
-#endif 
-  for(int e=0;e<ncache;e++){
-    if ( entries[e].valid && ( entries[e].bytes == bytes ) ) {
-      entries[e].valid = 0;
-      return entries[e].address;
-    }
-  }
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-
-void check_huge_pages(void *Buf,uint64_t BYTES)
-{
-#ifdef __linux__
-  int fd = open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
-  assert(fd >= 0);
-  const int page_size = 4096;
-  uint64_t virt_pfn = (uint64_t)Buf / page_size;
-  off_t offset = sizeof(uint64_t) * virt_pfn;
-  uint64_t npages = (BYTES + page_size-1) / page_size;
-  uint64_t pagedata[npages];
-  uint64_t ret = lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET);
-  assert(ret == offset);
-  ret = ::read(fd, pagedata, sizeof(uint64_t)*npages);
-  assert(ret == sizeof(uint64_t) * npages);
-  int nhugepages = npages / 512;
-  int n4ktotal, nnothuge;
-  n4ktotal = 0;
-  nnothuge = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < nhugepages; ++i) {
-    uint64_t baseaddr = (pagedata[i*512] & 0x7fffffffffffffULL) * page_size;
-    for (int j = 0; j < 512; ++j) {
-      uint64_t pageaddr = (pagedata[i*512+j] & 0x7fffffffffffffULL) * page_size;
-      ++n4ktotal;
-      if (pageaddr != baseaddr + j * page_size)
-	++nnothuge;
-    }
-  }
-  int rank = CartesianCommunicator::RankWorld();
-  printf("rank %d Allocated %d 4k pages, %d not in huge pages\n", rank, n4ktotal, nnothuge);
-#endif
-}
-
-std::string sizeString(const size_t bytes)
-{
-  constexpr unsigned int bufSize = 256;
-  const char             *suffixes[7] = {"", "K", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E"};
-  char                   buf[256];
-  size_t                 s     = 0;
-  double                 count = bytes;
-  
-  while (count >= 1024 && s < 7)
-    {
-      s++;
-      count /= 1024;
-    }
-  if (count - floor(count) == 0.0)
-    {
-      snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%d %sB", (int)count, suffixes[s]);
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%.1f %sB", count, suffixes[s]);
-    }
-  
-  return std::string(buf);
-}
-
-NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
-

Grid/allocator/AlignedAllocator.h

@@ -26,129 +26,10 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
     See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
 *************************************************************************************/
 /*  END LEGAL */
-#ifndef GRID_ALIGNED_ALLOCATOR_H
-#define GRID_ALIGNED_ALLOCATOR_H
-
-#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_MALLOC_H
-#include <malloc/malloc.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_H
-#include <malloc.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_MM_MALLOC_H
-#include <mm_malloc.h>
-#endif
-
-#define POINTER_CACHE
-#define GRID_ALLOC_ALIGN (2*1024*1024)
-#define GRID_ALLOC_SMALL_LIMIT (4096)
+#pragma once
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
-// Move control to configure.ac and Config.h?
-
-class PointerCache {
-private:
-/*Pinning pages is costly*/
-/*Could maintain separate large and small allocation caches*/
-/* Could make these configurable, perhaps up to a max size*/
-  static const int NcacheSmallMax=128; 
-  static const int NcacheMax=16;
-  static int NcacheSmall;
-  static int Ncache;
-
-  typedef struct { 
-    void *address;
-    size_t bytes;
-    int valid;
-  } PointerCacheEntry;
-    
-  static PointerCacheEntry Entries[NcacheMax];
-  static int Victim;
-  static PointerCacheEntry EntriesSmall[NcacheSmallMax];
-  static int VictimSmall;
-
-public:
-  static void Init(void);
-  static void *Insert(void *ptr,size_t bytes) ;
-  static void *Insert(void *ptr,size_t bytes,PointerCacheEntry *entries,int ncache,int &victim) ;
-  static void *Lookup(size_t bytes) ;
-  static void *Lookup(size_t bytes,PointerCacheEntry *entries,int ncache) ;
-};
-
-std::string sizeString(size_t bytes);
-
-struct MemoryStats
-{
-  size_t totalAllocated{0}, maxAllocated{0}, 
-    currentlyAllocated{0}, totalFreed{0};
-};
-    
-class MemoryProfiler
-{
-public:
-  static MemoryStats *stats;
-  static bool        debug;
-};
-
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
-#define profilerCudaMeminfo \
-  { size_t f, t ; cudaMemGetInfo ( &f,&t); std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] Cuda free "<<f<<"/"<<t << std::endl;}
-#else
-#define profilerCudaMeminfo
-#endif
-
-#define memString(bytes) std::to_string(bytes) + " (" + sizeString(bytes) + ")"
-#define profilerDebugPrint						\
-  if (MemoryProfiler::stats)						\
-    {									\
-      auto s = MemoryProfiler::stats;					\
-      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] Stats " << MemoryProfiler::stats << std::endl; \
-      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] total  : " << memString(s->totalAllocated) \
-		<< std::endl;						\
-      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] max    : " << memString(s->maxAllocated) \
-		<< std::endl;						\
-      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] current: " << memString(s->currentlyAllocated) \
-		<< std::endl;						\
-      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] freed  : " << memString(s->totalFreed) \
-		<< std::endl;						\
-    }									\
-  profilerCudaMeminfo;
-
-#define profilerAllocate(bytes)						\
-  if (MemoryProfiler::stats)						\
-    {									\
-      auto s = MemoryProfiler::stats;					\
-      s->totalAllocated     += (bytes);					\
-      s->currentlyAllocated += (bytes);					\
-      s->maxAllocated        = std::max(s->maxAllocated, s->currentlyAllocated); \
-    }									\
-  if (MemoryProfiler::debug)						\
-    {									\
-      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] allocating " << memString(bytes) << std::endl; \
-      profilerDebugPrint;						\
-    }
-
-#define profilerFree(bytes)						\
-  if (MemoryProfiler::stats)						\
-    {									\
-      auto s = MemoryProfiler::stats;					\
-      s->totalFreed         += (bytes);					\
-      s->currentlyAllocated -= (bytes);					\
-    }									\
-  if (MemoryProfiler::debug)						\
-    {									\
-      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] freeing " << memString(bytes) << std::endl; \
-      profilerDebugPrint;						\
-    }
-
-void check_huge_pages(void *Buf,uint64_t BYTES);
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// A lattice of something, but assume the something is SIMDized.
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
 template<typename _Tp>
 class alignedAllocator {
 public: 
@@ -172,89 +53,131 @@ public:
   { 
     size_type bytes = __n*sizeof(_Tp);
     profilerAllocate(bytes);
-
-
-#ifdef POINTER_CACHE
-    _Tp *ptr = (_Tp *) PointerCache::Lookup(bytes);
-#else
-    pointer ptr = nullptr;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
-    ////////////////////////////////////
-    // Unified (managed) memory
-    ////////////////////////////////////
-    if ( ptr == (_Tp *) NULL ) {
-      //      printf(" alignedAllocater cache miss %ld bytes ",bytes);      BACKTRACEFP(stdout);
-      auto err = cudaMallocManaged((void **)&ptr,bytes);
-      if( err != cudaSuccess ) {
-	ptr = (_Tp *) NULL;
-	std::cerr << " cudaMallocManaged failed for " << bytes<<" bytes " <<cudaGetErrorString(err)<< std::endl;
-	assert(0);
-      }
-    } 
-    assert( ptr != (_Tp *)NULL);
-#else 
-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // 2MB align; could make option probably doesn't need configurability
-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  #ifdef HAVE_MM_MALLOC_H
-    if ( ptr == (_Tp *) NULL ) ptr = (_Tp *) _mm_malloc(bytes,GRID_ALLOC_ALIGN);
-  #else
-    if ( ptr == (_Tp *) NULL ) ptr = (_Tp *) memalign(GRID_ALLOC_ALIGN,bytes);
-  #endif
-    assert( ptr != (_Tp *)NULL);
-
-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // First touch optimise in threaded loop 
-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    uint64_t *cp = (uint64_t *)ptr;
-    thread_for(n,bytes/sizeof(uint64_t), { // need only one touch per page
-      cp[n]=0;
-    });
-#endif
+    _Tp *ptr = (_Tp*) MemoryManager::CpuAllocate(bytes);
+    assert( ( (_Tp*)ptr != (_Tp *)NULL ) );
     return ptr;
   }
 
-  void deallocate(pointer __p, size_type __n) { 
+  void deallocate(pointer __p, size_type __n) 
+  { 
     size_type bytes = __n * sizeof(_Tp);
-
     profilerFree(bytes);
-
-#ifdef POINTER_CACHE
-    pointer __freeme = (pointer)PointerCache::Insert((void *)__p,bytes);
-#else 
-    pointer __freeme = __p;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
-    if ( __freeme ) cudaFree((void *)__freeme);
-#else 
-  #ifdef HAVE_MM_MALLOC_H
-    if ( __freeme ) _mm_free((void *)__freeme); 
-  #else
-    if ( __freeme ) free((void *)__freeme);
-  #endif
-#endif
+    MemoryManager::CpuFree((void *)__p,bytes);
   }
 
-  // FIXME: hack for the copy constructor, eventually it must be avoided
-  void construct(pointer __p, const _Tp& __val) { new((void *)__p) _Tp(__val); };
-  //void construct(pointer __p, const _Tp& __val) { };
+  // FIXME: hack for the copy constructor: it must be avoided to avoid single thread loop
+  void construct(pointer __p, const _Tp& __val) { assert(0);};
   void construct(pointer __p) { };
   void destroy(pointer __p) { };
 };
 template<typename _Tp>  inline bool operator==(const alignedAllocator<_Tp>&, const alignedAllocator<_Tp>&){ return true; }
 template<typename _Tp>  inline bool operator!=(const alignedAllocator<_Tp>&, const alignedAllocator<_Tp>&){ return false; }
 
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Unified virtual memory
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<typename _Tp>
+class uvmAllocator {
+public: 
+  typedef std::size_t     size_type;
+  typedef std::ptrdiff_t  difference_type;
+  typedef _Tp*       pointer;
+  typedef const _Tp* const_pointer;
+  typedef _Tp&       reference;
+  typedef const _Tp& const_reference;
+  typedef _Tp        value_type;
+
+  template<typename _Tp1>  struct rebind { typedef uvmAllocator<_Tp1> other; };
+  uvmAllocator() throw() { }
+  uvmAllocator(const uvmAllocator&) throw() { }
+  template<typename _Tp1> uvmAllocator(const uvmAllocator<_Tp1>&) throw() { }
+  ~uvmAllocator() throw() { }
+  pointer       address(reference __x)       const { return &__x; }
+  size_type  max_size() const throw() { return size_t(-1) / sizeof(_Tp); }
+
+  pointer allocate(size_type __n, const void* _p= 0)
+  { 
+    size_type bytes = __n*sizeof(_Tp);
+    profilerAllocate(bytes);
+    _Tp *ptr = (_Tp*) MemoryManager::SharedAllocate(bytes);
+    assert( ( (_Tp*)ptr != (_Tp *)NULL ) );
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  void deallocate(pointer __p, size_type __n) 
+  { 
+    size_type bytes = __n * sizeof(_Tp);
+    profilerFree(bytes);
+    MemoryManager::SharedFree((void *)__p,bytes);
+  }
+
+  void construct(pointer __p, const _Tp& __val) { new((void *)__p) _Tp(__val); };
+  void construct(pointer __p) { };
+  void destroy(pointer __p) { };
+};
+template<typename _Tp>  inline bool operator==(const uvmAllocator<_Tp>&, const uvmAllocator<_Tp>&){ return true; }
+template<typename _Tp>  inline bool operator!=(const uvmAllocator<_Tp>&, const uvmAllocator<_Tp>&){ return false; }
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Device memory
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<typename _Tp>
+class devAllocator {
+public: 
+  typedef std::size_t     size_type;
+  typedef std::ptrdiff_t  difference_type;
+  typedef _Tp*       pointer;
+  typedef const _Tp* const_pointer;
+  typedef _Tp&       reference;
+  typedef const _Tp& const_reference;
+  typedef _Tp        value_type;
+
+  template<typename _Tp1>  struct rebind { typedef devAllocator<_Tp1> other; };
+  devAllocator() throw() { }
+  devAllocator(const devAllocator&) throw() { }
+  template<typename _Tp1> devAllocator(const devAllocator<_Tp1>&) throw() { }
+  ~devAllocator() throw() { }
+  pointer       address(reference __x)       const { return &__x; }
+  size_type  max_size() const throw() { return size_t(-1) / sizeof(_Tp); }
+
+  pointer allocate(size_type __n, const void* _p= 0)
+  { 
+    size_type bytes = __n*sizeof(_Tp);
+    profilerAllocate(bytes);
+    _Tp *ptr = (_Tp*) MemoryManager::AcceleratorAllocate(bytes);
+    assert( ( (_Tp*)ptr != (_Tp *)NULL ) );
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  void deallocate(pointer __p, size_type __n) 
+  { 
+    size_type bytes = __n * sizeof(_Tp);
+    profilerFree(bytes);
+    MemoryManager::AcceleratorFree((void *)__p,bytes);
+  }
+  void construct(pointer __p, const _Tp& __val) { };
+  void construct(pointer __p) { };
+  void destroy(pointer __p) { };
+};
+template<typename _Tp>  inline bool operator==(const devAllocator<_Tp>&, const devAllocator<_Tp>&){ return true; }
+template<typename _Tp>  inline bool operator!=(const devAllocator<_Tp>&, const devAllocator<_Tp>&){ return false; }
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Template typedefs
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-template<class T> using commAllocator = alignedAllocator<T>;
-template<class T> using Vector     = std::vector<T,alignedAllocator<T> >;           
-template<class T> using commVector = std::vector<T,alignedAllocator<T> >;
-template<class T> using Matrix     = std::vector<std::vector<T,alignedAllocator<T> > >;
+#ifdef ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT
+// Cshift on device
+template<class T> using cshiftAllocator = devAllocator<T>;
+#else
+// Cshift on host
+template<class T> using cshiftAllocator = std::allocator<T>;
+#endif
+
+template<class T> using Vector        = std::vector<T,uvmAllocator<T> >;           
+template<class T> using stencilVector = std::vector<T,alignedAllocator<T> >;           
+template<class T> using commVector = std::vector<T,devAllocator<T> >;
+template<class T> using cshiftVector = std::vector<T,cshiftAllocator<T> >;
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
 
-#endif
+

Grid/allocator/Allocator.h

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <Grid/allocator/MemoryStats.h>
+#include <Grid/allocator/MemoryManager.h>
+#include <Grid/allocator/AlignedAllocator.h>

Grid/allocator/MemoryManager.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+#include <Grid/GridCore.h>
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+/*Allocation types, saying which pointer cache should be used*/
+#define Cpu      (0)
+#define CpuHuge  (1)
+#define CpuSmall (2)
+#define Acc      (3)
+#define AccHuge  (4)
+#define AccSmall (5)
+#define Shared   (6)
+#define SharedHuge  (7)
+#define SharedSmall (8)
+#undef GRID_MM_VERBOSE 
+uint64_t total_shared;
+uint64_t total_device;
+uint64_t total_host;;
+void MemoryManager::PrintBytes(void)
+{
+  std::cout << " MemoryManager : ------------------------------------ "<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << " MemoryManager : PrintBytes "<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << " MemoryManager : ------------------------------------ "<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << " MemoryManager : "<<(total_shared>>20)<<" shared      Mbytes "<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << " MemoryManager : "<<(total_device>>20)<<" accelerator Mbytes "<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << " MemoryManager : "<<(total_host>>20)  <<" cpu         Mbytes "<<std::endl;
+  uint64_t cacheBytes;
+  cacheBytes = CacheBytes[Cpu];
+  std::cout << " MemoryManager : "<<(cacheBytes>>20) <<" cpu cache Mbytes "<<std::endl;
+  cacheBytes = CacheBytes[Acc];
+  std::cout << " MemoryManager : "<<(cacheBytes>>20) <<" acc cache Mbytes "<<std::endl;
+  cacheBytes = CacheBytes[Shared];
+  std::cout << " MemoryManager : "<<(cacheBytes>>20) <<" shared cache Mbytes "<<std::endl;
+  
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+  cuda_mem();
+#endif
+  
+}
+
+uint64_t MemoryManager::DeviceCacheBytes() { return CacheBytes[Acc] + CacheBytes[AccHuge] + CacheBytes[AccSmall]; }
+uint64_t MemoryManager::HostCacheBytes()   { return CacheBytes[Cpu] + CacheBytes[CpuHuge] + CacheBytes[CpuSmall]; }
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Data tables for recently freed pooiniter caches
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+MemoryManager::AllocationCacheEntry MemoryManager::Entries[MemoryManager::NallocType][MemoryManager::NallocCacheMax];
+int MemoryManager::Victim[MemoryManager::NallocType];
+int MemoryManager::Ncache[MemoryManager::NallocType] = { 2, 0, 8, 8, 0, 16, 8, 0, 16 };
+uint64_t MemoryManager::CacheBytes[MemoryManager::NallocType];
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Actual allocation and deallocation utils
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+void *MemoryManager::AcceleratorAllocate(size_t bytes)
+{
+  total_device+=bytes;
+  void *ptr = (void *) Lookup(bytes,Acc);
+  if ( ptr == (void *) NULL ) {
+    ptr = (void *) acceleratorAllocDevice(bytes);
+  }
+#ifdef GRID_MM_VERBOSE
+  std::cout <<"AcceleratorAllocate "<<std::endl;
+  PrintBytes();
+#endif
+  return ptr;
+}
+void  MemoryManager::AcceleratorFree    (void *ptr,size_t bytes)
+{
+  total_device-=bytes;
+  void *__freeme = Insert(ptr,bytes,Acc);
+  if ( __freeme ) {
+    acceleratorFreeDevice(__freeme);
+  }
+#ifdef GRID_MM_VERBOSE
+  std::cout <<"AcceleratorFree "<<std::endl;
+  PrintBytes();
+#endif
+}
+void *MemoryManager::SharedAllocate(size_t bytes)
+{
+  total_shared+=bytes;
+  void *ptr = (void *) Lookup(bytes,Shared);
+  if ( ptr == (void *) NULL ) {
+    ptr = (void *) acceleratorAllocShared(bytes);
+  }
+#ifdef GRID_MM_VERBOSE
+  std::cout <<"SharedAllocate "<<std::endl;
+  PrintBytes();
+#endif
+  return ptr;
+}
+void  MemoryManager::SharedFree    (void *ptr,size_t bytes)
+{
+  total_shared-=bytes;
+  void *__freeme = Insert(ptr,bytes,Shared);
+  if ( __freeme ) {
+    acceleratorFreeShared(__freeme);
+  }
+#ifdef GRID_MM_VERBOSE
+  std::cout <<"SharedFree "<<std::endl;
+  PrintBytes();
+#endif
+}
+#ifdef GRID_UVM
+void *MemoryManager::CpuAllocate(size_t bytes)
+{
+  total_host+=bytes;
+  void *ptr = (void *) Lookup(bytes,Cpu);
+  if ( ptr == (void *) NULL ) {
+    ptr = (void *) acceleratorAllocShared(bytes);
+  }
+#ifdef GRID_MM_VERBOSE
+  std::cout <<"CpuAllocate "<<std::endl;
+  PrintBytes();
+#endif
+  return ptr;
+}
+void  MemoryManager::CpuFree    (void *_ptr,size_t bytes)
+{
+  total_host-=bytes;
+  NotifyDeletion(_ptr);
+  void *__freeme = Insert(_ptr,bytes,Cpu);
+  if ( __freeme ) { 
+    acceleratorFreeShared(__freeme);
+  }
+#ifdef GRID_MM_VERBOSE
+  std::cout <<"CpuFree "<<std::endl;
+  PrintBytes();
+#endif
+}
+#else
+void *MemoryManager::CpuAllocate(size_t bytes)
+{
+  total_host+=bytes;
+  void *ptr = (void *) Lookup(bytes,Cpu);
+  if ( ptr == (void *) NULL ) {
+    ptr = (void *) acceleratorAllocCpu(bytes);
+  }
+#ifdef GRID_MM_VERBOSE
+  std::cout <<"CpuAllocate "<<std::endl;
+  PrintBytes();
+#endif
+  return ptr;
+}
+void  MemoryManager::CpuFree    (void *_ptr,size_t bytes)
+{
+  total_host-=bytes;
+  NotifyDeletion(_ptr);
+  void *__freeme = Insert(_ptr,bytes,Cpu);
+  if ( __freeme ) { 
+    acceleratorFreeCpu(__freeme);
+  }
+#ifdef GRID_MM_VERBOSE
+  std::cout <<"CpuFree "<<std::endl;
+  PrintBytes();
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// call only once
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+void MemoryManager::Init(void)
+{
+
+  char * str;
+  int Nc;
+  
+  str= getenv("GRID_ALLOC_NCACHE_LARGE");
+  if ( str ) {
+    Nc = atoi(str);
+    if ( (Nc>=0) && (Nc < NallocCacheMax)) {
+      Ncache[Cpu]=Nc;
+      Ncache[Acc]=Nc;
+      Ncache[Shared]=Nc;
+    }
+  }
+
+  str= getenv("GRID_ALLOC_NCACHE_HUGE");
+  if ( str ) {
+    Nc = atoi(str);
+    if ( (Nc>=0) && (Nc < NallocCacheMax)) {
+      Ncache[CpuHuge]=Nc;
+      Ncache[AccHuge]=Nc;
+      Ncache[SharedHuge]=Nc;
+    }
+  }
+
+  str= getenv("GRID_ALLOC_NCACHE_SMALL");
+  if ( str ) {
+    Nc = atoi(str);
+    if ( (Nc>=0) && (Nc < NallocCacheMax)) {
+      Ncache[CpuSmall]=Nc;
+      Ncache[AccSmall]=Nc;
+      Ncache[SharedSmall]=Nc;
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+void MemoryManager::InitMessage(void) {
+
+#ifndef GRID_UVM
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "MemoryManager Cache "<< MemoryManager::DeviceMaxBytes <<" bytes "<<std::endl;
+#endif
+  
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() setting up"<<std::endl;
+#ifdef ALLOCATION_CACHE
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() cache pool for recent host   allocations: SMALL "<<Ncache[CpuSmall]<<" LARGE "<<Ncache[Cpu]<<" HUGE "<<Ncache[CpuHuge]<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() cache pool for recent device allocations: SMALL "<<Ncache[AccSmall]<<" LARGE "<<Ncache[Acc]<<" Huge "<<Ncache[AccHuge]<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() cache pool for recent shared allocations: SMALL "<<Ncache[SharedSmall]<<" LARGE "<<Ncache[Shared]<<" Huge "<<Ncache[SharedHuge]<<std::endl;
+#endif
+  
+#ifdef GRID_UVM
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() Unified memory space"<<std::endl;
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() Using cudaMallocManaged"<<std::endl;
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() Using hipMallocManaged"<<std::endl;
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() Using SYCL malloc_shared"<<std::endl;
+#endif
+#else
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() Non unified: Caching accelerator data in dedicated memory"<<std::endl;
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() Using cudaMalloc"<<std::endl;
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() Using hipMalloc"<<std::endl;
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage<< "MemoryManager::Init() Using SYCL malloc_device"<<std::endl;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+}
+
+void *MemoryManager::Insert(void *ptr,size_t bytes,int type) 
+{
+#ifdef ALLOCATION_CACHE
+  int cache;
+  if      (bytes < GRID_ALLOC_SMALL_LIMIT) cache = type + 2;
+  else if (bytes >= GRID_ALLOC_HUGE_LIMIT) cache = type + 1;
+  else                                     cache = type;
+
+  return Insert(ptr,bytes,Entries[cache],Ncache[cache],Victim[cache],CacheBytes[cache]);  
+#else
+  return ptr;
+#endif
+}
+
+void *MemoryManager::Insert(void *ptr,size_t bytes,AllocationCacheEntry *entries,int ncache,int &victim, uint64_t &cacheBytes) 
+{
+#ifdef GRID_OMP
+  assert(omp_in_parallel()==0);
+#endif 
+
+  if (ncache == 0) return ptr;
+
+  void * ret = NULL;
+  int v = -1;
+
+  for(int e=0;e<ncache;e++) {
+    if ( entries[e].valid==0 ) {
+      v=e; 
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ( v==-1 ) {
+    v=victim;
+    victim = (victim+1)%ncache;
+  }
+
+  if ( entries[v].valid ) {
+    ret = entries[v].address;
+    cacheBytes -= entries[v].bytes;
+    entries[v].valid = 0;
+    entries[v].address = NULL;
+    entries[v].bytes = 0;
+  }
+
+  entries[v].address=ptr;
+  entries[v].bytes  =bytes;
+  entries[v].valid  =1;
+  cacheBytes += bytes;
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void *MemoryManager::Lookup(size_t bytes,int type)
+{
+#ifdef ALLOCATION_CACHE
+  int cache;
+  if      (bytes < GRID_ALLOC_SMALL_LIMIT) cache = type + 2;
+  else if (bytes >= GRID_ALLOC_HUGE_LIMIT) cache = type + 1;
+  else                                     cache = type;
+
+  return Lookup(bytes,Entries[cache],Ncache[cache],CacheBytes[cache]);
+#else
+  return NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+void *MemoryManager::Lookup(size_t bytes,AllocationCacheEntry *entries,int ncache,uint64_t & cacheBytes) 
+{
+#ifdef GRID_OMP
+  assert(omp_in_parallel()==0);
+#endif 
+  for(int e=0;e<ncache;e++){
+    if ( entries[e].valid && ( entries[e].bytes == bytes ) ) {
+      entries[e].valid = 0;
+      cacheBytes -= entries[e].bytes;
+      return entries[e].address;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+

Grid/allocator/MemoryManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+
+    Source file: ./lib/MemoryManager.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2015
+
+Author: Azusa Yamaguchi <ayamaguc@staffmail.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+#pragma once
+#include <list> 
+#include <unordered_map>  
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+// Move control to configure.ac and Config.h?
+
+#define GRID_ALLOC_SMALL_LIMIT (4096)
+#define GRID_ALLOC_HUGE_LIMIT  (2147483648)
+
+#define STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define TOSTRING(x) STRINGIFY(x)
+#define FILE_LINE __FILE__ ":" TOSTRING(__LINE__)
+#define AUDIT(a) MemoryManager::Audit(FILE_LINE)
+
+/*Pinning pages is costly*/
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Advise the LatticeAccelerator class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+enum ViewAdvise {
+ AdviseDefault       = 0x0,    // Regular data
+ AdviseInfrequentUse = 0x1     // Advise that the data is used infrequently.  This can
+                               // significantly influence performance of bulk storage.
+ 
+ // AdviseTransient      = 0x2,   // Data will mostly be read.  On some architectures
+                               // enables read-only copies of memory to be kept on
+                               // host and device.
+
+ // AdviseAcceleratorWriteDiscard = 0x4  // Field will be written in entirety on device
+
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// View Access Mode
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+enum ViewMode {
+  AcceleratorRead  = 0x01,
+  AcceleratorWrite = 0x02,
+  AcceleratorWriteDiscard = 0x04,
+  CpuRead  = 0x08,
+  CpuWrite = 0x10,
+  CpuWriteDiscard = 0x10 // same for now
+};
+
+struct MemoryStatus {
+  uint64_t     DeviceBytes;
+  uint64_t     DeviceLRUBytes;
+  uint64_t     DeviceMaxBytes;
+  uint64_t     HostToDeviceBytes;
+  uint64_t     DeviceToHostBytes;
+  uint64_t     HostToDeviceXfer;
+  uint64_t     DeviceToHostXfer;
+  uint64_t     DeviceEvictions;
+  uint64_t     DeviceDestroy;
+  uint64_t     DeviceAllocCacheBytes;
+  uint64_t     HostAllocCacheBytes;
+};
+
+
+class MemoryManager {
+private:
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // For caching recently freed allocations
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  typedef struct { 
+    void *address;
+    size_t bytes;
+    int valid;
+  } AllocationCacheEntry;
+
+  static const int NallocCacheMax=128; 
+  static const int NallocType=9;
+  static AllocationCacheEntry Entries[NallocType][NallocCacheMax];
+  static int Victim[NallocType];
+  static int Ncache[NallocType];
+  static uint64_t CacheBytes[NallocType];
+
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Free pool
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  static void *Insert(void *ptr,size_t bytes,int type) ;
+  static void *Lookup(size_t bytes,int type) ;
+  static void *Insert(void *ptr,size_t bytes,AllocationCacheEntry *entries,int ncache,int &victim,uint64_t &cbytes) ;
+  static void *Lookup(size_t bytes,AllocationCacheEntry *entries,int ncache,uint64_t &cbytes) ;
+
+ public:
+  static void PrintBytes(void);
+  static void Audit(std::string s);
+  static void Init(void);
+  static void InitMessage(void);
+  static void *AcceleratorAllocate(size_t bytes);
+  static void  AcceleratorFree    (void *ptr,size_t bytes);
+  static void *SharedAllocate(size_t bytes);
+  static void  SharedFree    (void *ptr,size_t bytes);
+  static void *CpuAllocate(size_t bytes);
+  static void  CpuFree    (void *ptr,size_t bytes);
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Footprint tracking
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  static uint64_t     DeviceBytes;
+  static uint64_t     DeviceLRUBytes;
+  static uint64_t     DeviceMaxBytes;
+  static uint64_t     HostToDeviceBytes;
+  static uint64_t     DeviceToHostBytes;
+  static uint64_t     HostToDeviceXfer;
+  static uint64_t     DeviceToHostXfer;
+  static uint64_t     DeviceEvictions;
+  static uint64_t     DeviceDestroy;
+  
+  static uint64_t     DeviceCacheBytes();
+  static uint64_t     HostCacheBytes();
+
+  static MemoryStatus GetFootprint(void) {
+    MemoryStatus stat;
+    stat.DeviceBytes       = DeviceBytes;
+    stat.DeviceLRUBytes    = DeviceLRUBytes;
+    stat.DeviceMaxBytes    = DeviceMaxBytes;
+    stat.HostToDeviceBytes = HostToDeviceBytes;
+    stat.DeviceToHostBytes = DeviceToHostBytes;
+    stat.HostToDeviceXfer  = HostToDeviceXfer;
+    stat.DeviceToHostXfer  = DeviceToHostXfer;
+    stat.DeviceEvictions   = DeviceEvictions;
+    stat.DeviceDestroy     = DeviceDestroy;
+    stat.DeviceAllocCacheBytes = DeviceCacheBytes();
+    stat.HostAllocCacheBytes   = HostCacheBytes();
+    return stat;
+  };
+  
+ private:
+#ifndef GRID_UVM
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Data tables for ViewCache
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  typedef std::list<uint64_t> LRU_t;
+  typedef typename LRU_t::iterator LRUiterator;
+  typedef struct { 
+    int        LRU_valid;
+    LRUiterator LRU_entry;
+    uint64_t CpuPtr;
+    uint64_t AccPtr;
+    size_t   bytes;
+    uint32_t transient;
+    uint32_t state;
+    uint32_t accLock;
+    uint32_t cpuLock;
+  } AcceleratorViewEntry;
+  
+  typedef std::unordered_map<uint64_t,AcceleratorViewEntry> AccViewTable_t;
+  typedef typename AccViewTable_t::iterator AccViewTableIterator ;
+
+  static AccViewTable_t AccViewTable;
+  static LRU_t LRU;
+
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Device motion
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  static void  Create(uint64_t CpuPtr,size_t bytes,ViewMode mode,ViewAdvise hint);
+  static void  EvictVictims(uint64_t bytes); // Frees up <bytes>
+  static void  Evict(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache);
+  static void  Flush(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache);
+  static void  Clone(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache);
+  static void  AccDiscard(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache);
+  static void  CpuDiscard(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache);
+
+  //  static void  LRUupdate(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache);
+  static void  LRUinsert(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache);
+  static void  LRUremove(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache);
+  
+  // manage entries in the table
+  static int                  EntryPresent(uint64_t CpuPtr);
+  static void                 EntryCreate(uint64_t CpuPtr,size_t bytes,ViewMode mode,ViewAdvise hint);
+  static void                 EntryErase (uint64_t CpuPtr);
+  static AccViewTableIterator EntryLookup(uint64_t CpuPtr);
+  static void                 EntrySet   (uint64_t CpuPtr,AcceleratorViewEntry &entry);
+
+  static void     AcceleratorViewClose(uint64_t AccPtr);
+  static uint64_t AcceleratorViewOpen(uint64_t  CpuPtr,size_t bytes,ViewMode mode,ViewAdvise hint);
+  static void     CpuViewClose(uint64_t Ptr);
+  static uint64_t CpuViewOpen(uint64_t  CpuPtr,size_t bytes,ViewMode mode,ViewAdvise hint);
+#endif
+  static void NotifyDeletion(void * CpuPtr);
+
+ public:
+  static void Print(void);
+  static void PrintAll(void);
+  static void PrintState( void* CpuPtr);
+  static int   isOpen   (void* CpuPtr);
+  static void  ViewClose(void* CpuPtr,ViewMode mode);
+  static void *ViewOpen (void* CpuPtr,size_t bytes,ViewMode mode,ViewAdvise hint);
+
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+
+

Grid/allocator/MemoryManagerCache.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+#include <Grid/GridCore.h>
+#ifndef GRID_UVM
+
+#warning "Using explicit device memory copies"
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+#define MAXLINE 512
+static char print_buffer [ MAXLINE ];
+
+#define mprintf(...) snprintf (print_buffer,MAXLINE, __VA_ARGS__ ); std::cout << GridLogMemory << print_buffer;
+#define dprintf(...) snprintf (print_buffer,MAXLINE, __VA_ARGS__ ); std::cout << GridLogMemory << print_buffer;
+//#define dprintf(...) 
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// For caching copies of data on device
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+MemoryManager::AccViewTable_t MemoryManager::AccViewTable;
+MemoryManager::LRU_t MemoryManager::LRU;
+  
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Footprint tracking
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceBytes;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceLRUBytes;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceMaxBytes = 1024*1024*128;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::HostToDeviceBytes;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceToHostBytes;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::HostToDeviceXfer;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceToHostXfer;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceEvictions;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceDestroy;
+
+////////////////////////////////////
+// Priority ordering for unlocked entries
+//  Empty
+//  CpuDirty 
+//  Consistent
+//  AccDirty
+////////////////////////////////////
+#define Empty         (0x0)  /*Entry unoccupied  */
+#define CpuDirty      (0x1)  /*CPU copy is golden, Acc buffer MAY not be allocated*/
+#define Consistent    (0x2)  /*ACC copy AND CPU copy are valid */
+#define AccDirty      (0x4)  /*ACC copy is golden */
+#define EvictNext     (0x8)  /*Priority for eviction*/
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Mechanics of data table maintenance
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////
+int   MemoryManager::EntryPresent(uint64_t CpuPtr)
+{
+  if(AccViewTable.empty()) return 0;
+
+  auto count = AccViewTable.count(CpuPtr);  assert((count==0)||(count==1));
+  return count;
+}
+void  MemoryManager::EntryCreate(uint64_t CpuPtr,size_t bytes,ViewMode mode,ViewAdvise hint)
+{
+  assert(!EntryPresent(CpuPtr));
+  AcceleratorViewEntry AccCache;
+  AccCache.CpuPtr = CpuPtr;
+  AccCache.AccPtr = (uint64_t)NULL;
+  AccCache.bytes  = bytes;
+  AccCache.state  = CpuDirty;
+  AccCache.LRU_valid=0;
+  AccCache.transient=0;
+  AccCache.accLock=0;
+  AccCache.cpuLock=0;
+  AccViewTable[CpuPtr] = AccCache;
+}
+MemoryManager::AccViewTableIterator MemoryManager::EntryLookup(uint64_t CpuPtr)
+{
+  assert(EntryPresent(CpuPtr));
+  auto AccCacheIterator = AccViewTable.find(CpuPtr);
+  assert(AccCacheIterator!=AccViewTable.end());
+  return AccCacheIterator;
+}
+void MemoryManager::EntryErase(uint64_t CpuPtr)
+{
+  auto AccCache = EntryLookup(CpuPtr);
+  AccViewTable.erase(CpuPtr);
+}
+void  MemoryManager::LRUinsert(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache)
+{
+  assert(AccCache.LRU_valid==0);
+  if (AccCache.transient) { 
+    LRU.push_back(AccCache.CpuPtr);
+    AccCache.LRU_entry = --LRU.end();
+  } else {
+    LRU.push_front(AccCache.CpuPtr);
+    AccCache.LRU_entry = LRU.begin();
+  }
+  AccCache.LRU_valid = 1;
+  DeviceLRUBytes+=AccCache.bytes;
+}
+void  MemoryManager::LRUremove(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache)
+{
+  assert(AccCache.LRU_valid==1);
+  LRU.erase(AccCache.LRU_entry);
+  AccCache.LRU_valid = 0;
+  DeviceLRUBytes-=AccCache.bytes;
+}
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Accelerator cache motion & consistency logic
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////
+void MemoryManager::AccDiscard(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache)
+{
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Remove from Accelerator, remove entry, without flush
+  // Cannot be locked. If allocated Must be in LRU pool.
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  assert(AccCache.state!=Empty);
+  
+  mprintf("MemoryManager: Discard(%lx) %lx\n",(uint64_t)AccCache.CpuPtr,(uint64_t)AccCache.AccPtr); 
+  assert(AccCache.accLock==0);
+  assert(AccCache.cpuLock==0);
+  assert(AccCache.CpuPtr!=(uint64_t)NULL);
+  if(AccCache.AccPtr) {
+    AcceleratorFree((void *)AccCache.AccPtr,AccCache.bytes);
+    DeviceDestroy++;
+    DeviceBytes   -=AccCache.bytes;
+    LRUremove(AccCache);
+    AccCache.AccPtr=(uint64_t) NULL;
+    dprintf("MemoryManager: Free(%lx) LRU %ld Total %ld\n",(uint64_t)AccCache.AccPtr,DeviceLRUBytes,DeviceBytes);  
+  }
+  uint64_t CpuPtr = AccCache.CpuPtr;
+  EntryErase(CpuPtr);
+}
+
+void MemoryManager::Evict(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache)
+{
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Make CPU consistent, remove from Accelerator, remove from LRU, LEAVE CPU only entry
+  // Cannot be acclocked. If allocated must be in LRU pool.
+  //
+  // Nov 2022... Felix issue: Allocating two CpuPtrs, can have an entry in LRU-q with CPUlock.
+  //                          and require to evict the AccPtr copy. Eviction was a mistake in CpuViewOpen
+  //                          but there is a weakness where CpuLock entries are attempted for erase
+  //                          Take these OUT LRU queue when CPU locked?
+  //                          Cannot take out the table as cpuLock data is important.
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  assert(AccCache.state!=Empty);
+  
+  mprintf("MemoryManager: Evict cpu %lx acc %lx cpuLock %ld accLock %ld\n",
+	  (uint64_t)AccCache.CpuPtr,(uint64_t)AccCache.AccPtr,
+	  (uint64_t)AccCache.cpuLock,(uint64_t)AccCache.accLock); 
+  if (AccCache.accLock!=0) return;
+  if (AccCache.cpuLock!=0) return;
+  if(AccCache.state==AccDirty) {
+    Flush(AccCache);
+  }
+  if(AccCache.AccPtr) {
+    AcceleratorFree((void *)AccCache.AccPtr,AccCache.bytes);
+    LRUremove(AccCache);
+    AccCache.AccPtr=(uint64_t)NULL;
+    AccCache.state=CpuDirty; // CPU primary now
+    DeviceBytes   -=AccCache.bytes;
+    dprintf("MemoryManager: Free(%lx) footprint now %ld \n",(uint64_t)AccCache.AccPtr,DeviceBytes);  
+  }
+  //  uint64_t CpuPtr = AccCache.CpuPtr;
+  DeviceEvictions++;
+  //  EntryErase(CpuPtr);
+}
+void MemoryManager::Flush(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache)
+{
+  assert(AccCache.state==AccDirty);
+  assert(AccCache.cpuLock==0);
+  assert(AccCache.accLock==0);
+  assert(AccCache.AccPtr!=(uint64_t)NULL);
+  assert(AccCache.CpuPtr!=(uint64_t)NULL);
+  acceleratorCopyFromDevice((void *)AccCache.AccPtr,(void *)AccCache.CpuPtr,AccCache.bytes);
+  mprintf("MemoryManager: Flush  %lx -> %lx\n",(uint64_t)AccCache.AccPtr,(uint64_t)AccCache.CpuPtr); fflush(stdout);
+  DeviceToHostBytes+=AccCache.bytes;
+  DeviceToHostXfer++;
+  AccCache.state=Consistent;
+}
+void MemoryManager::Clone(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache)
+{
+  assert(AccCache.state==CpuDirty);
+  assert(AccCache.cpuLock==0);
+  assert(AccCache.accLock==0);
+  assert(AccCache.CpuPtr!=(uint64_t)NULL);
+  if(AccCache.AccPtr==(uint64_t)NULL){
+    AccCache.AccPtr=(uint64_t)AcceleratorAllocate(AccCache.bytes);
+    DeviceBytes+=AccCache.bytes;
+  }
+  mprintf("MemoryManager: Clone %lx <- %lx\n",(uint64_t)AccCache.AccPtr,(uint64_t)AccCache.CpuPtr); fflush(stdout);
+  acceleratorCopyToDevice((void *)AccCache.CpuPtr,(void *)AccCache.AccPtr,AccCache.bytes);
+  HostToDeviceBytes+=AccCache.bytes;
+  HostToDeviceXfer++;
+  AccCache.state=Consistent;
+}
+
+void MemoryManager::CpuDiscard(AcceleratorViewEntry &AccCache)
+{
+  assert(AccCache.state!=Empty);
+  assert(AccCache.cpuLock==0);
+  assert(AccCache.accLock==0);
+  assert(AccCache.CpuPtr!=(uint64_t)NULL);
+  if(AccCache.AccPtr==(uint64_t)NULL){
+    AccCache.AccPtr=(uint64_t)AcceleratorAllocate(AccCache.bytes);
+    DeviceBytes+=AccCache.bytes;
+  }
+  AccCache.state=AccDirty;
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// View management
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+void MemoryManager::ViewClose(void* Ptr,ViewMode mode)
+{
+  if( (mode==AcceleratorRead)||(mode==AcceleratorWrite)||(mode==AcceleratorWriteDiscard) ){
+    dprintf("AcceleratorViewClose %lx\n",(uint64_t)Ptr);
+    AcceleratorViewClose((uint64_t)Ptr);
+  } else if( (mode==CpuRead)||(mode==CpuWrite)){
+    CpuViewClose((uint64_t)Ptr);
+  } else { 
+    assert(0);
+  }
+}
+void *MemoryManager::ViewOpen(void* _CpuPtr,size_t bytes,ViewMode mode,ViewAdvise hint)
+{
+  uint64_t CpuPtr = (uint64_t)_CpuPtr;
+  if( (mode==AcceleratorRead)||(mode==AcceleratorWrite)||(mode==AcceleratorWriteDiscard) ){
+    dprintf("AcceleratorViewOpen %lx\n",(uint64_t)CpuPtr);
+    return (void *) AcceleratorViewOpen(CpuPtr,bytes,mode,hint);
+  } else if( (mode==CpuRead)||(mode==CpuWrite)){
+    return (void *)CpuViewOpen(CpuPtr,bytes,mode,hint);
+  } else { 
+    assert(0);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+void  MemoryManager::EvictVictims(uint64_t bytes)
+{
+  assert(bytes<DeviceMaxBytes);
+  while(bytes+DeviceLRUBytes > DeviceMaxBytes){
+    if ( DeviceLRUBytes > 0){
+      assert(LRU.size()>0);
+      uint64_t victim = LRU.back(); // From the LRU
+      auto AccCacheIterator = EntryLookup(victim);
+      auto & AccCache = AccCacheIterator->second;
+      Evict(AccCache);
+    } else {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+uint64_t MemoryManager::AcceleratorViewOpen(uint64_t CpuPtr,size_t bytes,ViewMode mode,ViewAdvise hint)
+{
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Find if present, otherwise get or force an empty
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  if ( EntryPresent(CpuPtr)==0 ){
+    EntryCreate(CpuPtr,bytes,mode,hint);
+  }
+
+  auto AccCacheIterator = EntryLookup(CpuPtr);
+  auto & AccCache = AccCacheIterator->second;
+  if (!AccCache.AccPtr) {
+    EvictVictims(bytes); 
+  } 
+  assert((mode==AcceleratorRead)||(mode==AcceleratorWrite)||(mode==AcceleratorWriteDiscard));
+
+  assert(AccCache.cpuLock==0);  // Programming error
+
+  if(AccCache.state!=Empty) {
+    dprintf("ViewOpen found entry %lx %lx : %ld %ld accLock %ld\n",
+		    (uint64_t)AccCache.CpuPtr,
+		    (uint64_t)CpuPtr,
+		    (uint64_t)AccCache.bytes,
+	            (uint64_t)bytes,
+		    (uint64_t)AccCache.accLock);
+    assert(AccCache.CpuPtr == CpuPtr);
+    assert(AccCache.bytes  ==bytes);
+  }
+/*
+ *  State transitions and actions
+ *
+ *  Action  State   StateNext         Flush    Clone
+ *
+ *  AccRead  Empty   Consistent        -        Y
+ *  AccWrite Empty   AccDirty          -        Y
+ *  AccRead  CpuDirty Consistent       -        Y
+ *  AccWrite CpuDirty AccDirty         -        Y
+ *  AccRead  Consistent Consistent     -        - 
+ *  AccWrite Consistent AccDirty       -        - 
+ *  AccRead  AccDirty   AccDirty       -        - 
+ *  AccWrite AccDirty   AccDirty       -        - 
+ */
+  if(AccCache.state==Empty) {
+    assert(AccCache.LRU_valid==0);
+    AccCache.CpuPtr = CpuPtr;
+    AccCache.AccPtr = (uint64_t)NULL;
+    AccCache.bytes  = bytes;
+    AccCache.state  = CpuDirty;   // Cpu starts primary
+    if(mode==AcceleratorWriteDiscard){
+      CpuDiscard(AccCache);
+      AccCache.state  = AccDirty;   // Empty + AcceleratorWrite=> AccDirty
+    } else if(mode==AcceleratorWrite){
+      Clone(AccCache);
+      AccCache.state  = AccDirty;   // Empty + AcceleratorWrite=> AccDirty
+    } else {
+      Clone(AccCache);
+      AccCache.state  = Consistent; // Empty + AccRead => Consistent
+    }
+    AccCache.accLock= 1;
+    dprintf("Copied Empty entry into device accLock= %d\n",AccCache.accLock);
+  } else if(AccCache.state==CpuDirty ){
+    if(mode==AcceleratorWriteDiscard) {
+      CpuDiscard(AccCache);
+      AccCache.state  = AccDirty;   // CpuDirty + AcceleratorWrite=> AccDirty
+    } else if(mode==AcceleratorWrite) {
+      Clone(AccCache);
+      AccCache.state  = AccDirty;   // CpuDirty + AcceleratorWrite=> AccDirty
+    } else {
+      Clone(AccCache);
+      AccCache.state  = Consistent; // CpuDirty + AccRead => Consistent
+    }
+    AccCache.accLock++;
+    dprintf("CpuDirty entry into device ++accLock= %d\n",AccCache.accLock);
+  } else if(AccCache.state==Consistent) {
+    if((mode==AcceleratorWrite)||(mode==AcceleratorWriteDiscard))
+      AccCache.state  = AccDirty;   // Consistent + AcceleratorWrite=> AccDirty
+    else
+      AccCache.state  = Consistent; // Consistent + AccRead => Consistent
+    AccCache.accLock++;
+    dprintf("Consistent entry into device ++accLock= %d\n",AccCache.accLock);
+  } else if(AccCache.state==AccDirty) {
+    if((mode==AcceleratorWrite)||(mode==AcceleratorWriteDiscard))
+      AccCache.state  = AccDirty; // AccDirty + AcceleratorWrite=> AccDirty
+    else
+      AccCache.state  = AccDirty; // AccDirty + AccRead => AccDirty
+    AccCache.accLock++;
+    dprintf("AccDirty entry ++accLock= %d\n",AccCache.accLock);
+  } else {
+    assert(0);
+  }
+
+  assert(AccCache.accLock>0);
+  // If view is opened on device must remove from LRU
+  if(AccCache.LRU_valid==1){
+    // must possibly remove from LRU as now locked on GPU
+    dprintf("AccCache entry removed from LRU \n");
+    LRUremove(AccCache);
+  }
+
+  int transient =hint;
+  AccCache.transient= transient? EvictNext : 0;
+
+  return AccCache.AccPtr;
+}
+////////////////////////////////////
+// look up & decrement lock count
+////////////////////////////////////
+void MemoryManager::AcceleratorViewClose(uint64_t CpuPtr)
+{
+  auto AccCacheIterator = EntryLookup(CpuPtr);
+  auto & AccCache = AccCacheIterator->second;
+
+  assert(AccCache.cpuLock==0);
+  assert(AccCache.accLock>0);
+
+  AccCache.accLock--;
+  // Move to LRU queue if not locked and close on device
+  if(AccCache.accLock==0) {
+    dprintf("AccleratorViewClose %lx AccLock decremented to %ld move to LRU queue\n",(uint64_t)CpuPtr,(uint64_t)AccCache.accLock);
+    LRUinsert(AccCache);
+  } else {
+    dprintf("AccleratorViewClose %lx AccLock decremented to %ld\n",(uint64_t)CpuPtr,(uint64_t)AccCache.accLock);
+  }
+}
+void MemoryManager::CpuViewClose(uint64_t CpuPtr)
+{
+  auto AccCacheIterator = EntryLookup(CpuPtr);
+  auto & AccCache = AccCacheIterator->second;
+
+  assert(AccCache.cpuLock>0);
+  assert(AccCache.accLock==0);
+
+  AccCache.cpuLock--;
+}
+/*
+ *  Action  State   StateNext         Flush    Clone
+ *
+ *  CpuRead  Empty   CpuDirty          -        -
+ *  CpuWrite Empty   CpuDirty          -        -
+ *  CpuRead  CpuDirty CpuDirty         -        -
+ *  CpuWrite CpuDirty CpuDirty         -        - 
+ *  CpuRead  Consistent Consistent     -        - 
+ *  CpuWrite Consistent CpuDirty       -        - 
+ *  CpuRead  AccDirty   Consistent     Y        -
+ *  CpuWrite AccDirty   CpuDirty       Y        -
+ */
+uint64_t MemoryManager::CpuViewOpen(uint64_t CpuPtr,size_t bytes,ViewMode mode,ViewAdvise transient)
+{
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Find if present, otherwise get or force an empty
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  if ( EntryPresent(CpuPtr)==0 ){
+    EntryCreate(CpuPtr,bytes,mode,transient);
+  }
+
+  auto AccCacheIterator = EntryLookup(CpuPtr);
+  auto & AccCache = AccCacheIterator->second;
+
+  // CPU doesn't need to free space
+  //  if (!AccCache.AccPtr) {
+  //    EvictVictims(bytes);
+  //  }
+
+  assert((mode==CpuRead)||(mode==CpuWrite));
+  assert(AccCache.accLock==0);  // Programming error
+
+  if(AccCache.state!=Empty) {
+    assert(AccCache.CpuPtr == CpuPtr);
+    assert(AccCache.bytes==bytes);
+  }
+
+  if(AccCache.state==Empty) {
+    AccCache.CpuPtr = CpuPtr;
+    AccCache.AccPtr = (uint64_t)NULL;
+    AccCache.bytes  = bytes;
+    AccCache.state  = CpuDirty; // Empty + CpuRead/CpuWrite => CpuDirty
+    AccCache.accLock= 0;
+    AccCache.cpuLock= 1;
+  } else if(AccCache.state==CpuDirty ){
+    // AccPtr dont care, deferred allocate
+    AccCache.state = CpuDirty; // CpuDirty +CpuRead/CpuWrite => CpuDirty
+    AccCache.cpuLock++;
+  } else if(AccCache.state==Consistent) {
+    assert(AccCache.AccPtr != (uint64_t)NULL);
+    if(mode==CpuWrite)
+      AccCache.state = CpuDirty;   // Consistent +CpuWrite => CpuDirty
+    else 
+      AccCache.state = Consistent; // Consistent +CpuRead  => Consistent
+    AccCache.cpuLock++;
+  } else if(AccCache.state==AccDirty) {
+    assert(AccCache.AccPtr != (uint64_t)NULL);
+    Flush(AccCache);
+    if(mode==CpuWrite) AccCache.state = CpuDirty;   // AccDirty +CpuWrite => CpuDirty, Flush
+    else            AccCache.state = Consistent; // AccDirty +CpuRead  => Consistent, Flush
+    AccCache.cpuLock++;
+  } else {
+    assert(0); // should be unreachable
+  }
+
+  AccCache.transient= transient? EvictNext : 0;
+
+  return AccCache.CpuPtr;
+}
+void  MemoryManager::NotifyDeletion(void *_ptr)
+{
+  // Look up in ViewCache
+  uint64_t ptr = (uint64_t)_ptr;
+  if(EntryPresent(ptr)) {
+    auto e = EntryLookup(ptr);
+    AccDiscard(e->second);
+  }
+}
+void  MemoryManager::Print(void)
+{
+  PrintBytes();
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "--------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Memory Manager                             " << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "--------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << DeviceBytes   << " bytes allocated on device " << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << DeviceLRUBytes<< " bytes evictable on device " << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << DeviceMaxBytes<< " bytes max on device       " << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << HostToDeviceXfer << " transfers        to   device " << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << DeviceToHostXfer << " transfers        from device " << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << HostToDeviceBytes<< " bytes transfered to   device " << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << DeviceToHostBytes<< " bytes transfered from device " << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << DeviceEvictions  << " Evictions from device " << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << DeviceDestroy    << " Destroyed vectors on device " << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << AccViewTable.size()<< " vectors " << LRU.size()<<" evictable"<< std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "--------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
+}
+void  MemoryManager::PrintAll(void)
+{
+  Print();
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "--------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "CpuAddr\t\tAccAddr\t\tState\t\tcpuLock\taccLock\tLRU_valid "<<std::endl;
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "--------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
+  for(auto it=AccViewTable.begin();it!=AccViewTable.end();it++){
+    auto &AccCache = it->second;
+    
+    std::string str;
+    if ( AccCache.state==Empty    ) str = std::string("Empty");
+    if ( AccCache.state==CpuDirty ) str = std::string("CpuDirty");
+    if ( AccCache.state==AccDirty ) str = std::string("AccDirty");
+    if ( AccCache.state==Consistent)str = std::string("Consistent");
+
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "0x"<<std::hex<<AccCache.CpuPtr<<std::dec
+	      << "\t0x"<<std::hex<<AccCache.AccPtr<<std::dec<<"\t" <<str
+	      << "\t" << AccCache.cpuLock
+	      << "\t" << AccCache.accLock
+	      << "\t" << AccCache.LRU_valid<<std::endl;
+  }
+  std::cout << GridLogMessage << "--------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
+
+};
+int   MemoryManager::isOpen   (void* _CpuPtr) 
+{ 
+  uint64_t CpuPtr = (uint64_t)_CpuPtr;
+  if ( EntryPresent(CpuPtr) ){
+    auto AccCacheIterator = EntryLookup(CpuPtr);
+    auto & AccCache = AccCacheIterator->second;
+    return AccCache.cpuLock+AccCache.accLock;
+  } else { 
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+void MemoryManager::Audit(std::string s)
+{
+  uint64_t CpuBytes=0;
+  uint64_t AccBytes=0;
+  uint64_t LruBytes1=0;
+  uint64_t LruBytes2=0;
+  uint64_t LruCnt=0;
+  
+  std::cout << " Memory Manager::Audit() from "<<s<<std::endl;
+  for(auto it=LRU.begin();it!=LRU.end();it++){
+    uint64_t cpuPtr = *it;
+    assert(EntryPresent(cpuPtr));
+    auto AccCacheIterator = EntryLookup(cpuPtr);
+    auto & AccCache = AccCacheIterator->second;
+    LruBytes2+=AccCache.bytes;
+    assert(AccCache.LRU_valid==1);
+    assert(AccCache.LRU_entry==it);
+  }
+  std::cout << " Memory Manager::Audit() LRU queue matches table entries "<<std::endl;
+
+  for(auto it=AccViewTable.begin();it!=AccViewTable.end();it++){
+    auto &AccCache = it->second;
+    
+    std::string str;
+    if ( AccCache.state==Empty    ) str = std::string("Empty");
+    if ( AccCache.state==CpuDirty ) str = std::string("CpuDirty");
+    if ( AccCache.state==AccDirty ) str = std::string("AccDirty");
+    if ( AccCache.state==Consistent)str = std::string("Consistent");
+
+    CpuBytes+=AccCache.bytes;
+    if( AccCache.AccPtr )    AccBytes+=AccCache.bytes;
+    if( AccCache.LRU_valid ) LruBytes1+=AccCache.bytes;
+    if( AccCache.LRU_valid ) LruCnt++;
+    
+    if ( AccCache.cpuLock || AccCache.accLock ) {
+      assert(AccCache.LRU_valid==0);
+
+      std::cout << GridLogError << s<< "\n\t 0x"<<std::hex<<AccCache.CpuPtr<<std::dec
+		<< "\t0x"<<std::hex<<AccCache.AccPtr<<std::dec<<"\t" <<str
+		<< "\t cpuLock  " << AccCache.cpuLock
+		<< "\t accLock  " << AccCache.accLock
+		<< "\t LRUvalid " << AccCache.LRU_valid<<std::endl;
+    }
+
+    assert( AccCache.cpuLock== 0 ) ;
+    assert( AccCache.accLock== 0 ) ;
+  }
+  std::cout << " Memory Manager::Audit() no locked table entries "<<std::endl;
+  assert(LruBytes1==LruBytes2);
+  assert(LruBytes1==DeviceLRUBytes);
+  std::cout << " Memory Manager::Audit() evictable bytes matches sum over table "<<std::endl;
+  assert(AccBytes==DeviceBytes);
+  std::cout << " Memory Manager::Audit() device bytes matches sum over table "<<std::endl;
+  assert(LruCnt == LRU.size());
+  std::cout << " Memory Manager::Audit() LRU entry count matches "<<std::endl;
+
+}
+
+void MemoryManager::PrintState(void* _CpuPtr)
+{
+  uint64_t CpuPtr = (uint64_t)_CpuPtr;
+
+  if ( EntryPresent(CpuPtr) ){
+    auto AccCacheIterator = EntryLookup(CpuPtr);
+    auto & AccCache = AccCacheIterator->second;
+    std::string str;
+    if ( AccCache.state==Empty    ) str = std::string("Empty");
+    if ( AccCache.state==CpuDirty ) str = std::string("CpuDirty");
+    if ( AccCache.state==AccDirty ) str = std::string("AccDirty");
+    if ( AccCache.state==Consistent)str = std::string("Consistent");
+    if ( AccCache.state==EvictNext) str = std::string("EvictNext");
+
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "CpuAddr\t\tAccAddr\t\tState\t\tcpuLock\taccLock\tLRU_valid "<<std::endl;
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "\tx"<<std::hex<<AccCache.CpuPtr<<std::dec
+    << "\tx"<<std::hex<<AccCache.AccPtr<<std::dec<<"\t" <<str
+    << "\t" << AccCache.cpuLock
+    << "\t" << AccCache.accLock
+    << "\t" << AccCache.LRU_valid<<std::endl;
+
+  } else {
+    std::cout << GridLogMessage << "No Entry in AccCache table." << std::endl; 
+  }
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+
+#endif

Grid/allocator/MemoryManagerShared.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <Grid/GridCore.h>
+#ifdef GRID_UVM
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// View management is 1:1 address space mapping
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceBytes;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceLRUBytes;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceMaxBytes = 1024*1024*128;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::HostToDeviceBytes;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceToHostBytes;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::HostToDeviceXfer;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceToHostXfer;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceEvictions;
+uint64_t  MemoryManager::DeviceDestroy;
+
+void  MemoryManager::Audit(std::string s){};
+void  MemoryManager::ViewClose(void* AccPtr,ViewMode mode){};
+void *MemoryManager::ViewOpen(void* CpuPtr,size_t bytes,ViewMode mode,ViewAdvise hint){ return CpuPtr; };
+int   MemoryManager::isOpen   (void* CpuPtr) { return 0;}
+void  MemoryManager::PrintState(void* CpuPtr)
+{
+std::cout << GridLogMessage << "Host<->Device memory movement not currently managed by Grid." << std::endl;
+};
+void  MemoryManager::Print(void){};
+void  MemoryManager::PrintAll(void){};
+void  MemoryManager::NotifyDeletion(void *ptr){};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+#endif

Grid/allocator/MemoryStats.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include <Grid/GridCore.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+MemoryStats *MemoryProfiler::stats = nullptr;
+bool         MemoryProfiler::debug = false;
+
+void check_huge_pages(void *Buf,uint64_t BYTES)
+{
+#ifdef __linux__
+  int fd = open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
+  assert(fd >= 0);
+  const int page_size = 4096;
+  uint64_t virt_pfn = (uint64_t)Buf / page_size;
+  off_t offset = sizeof(uint64_t) * virt_pfn;
+  uint64_t npages = (BYTES + page_size-1) / page_size;
+  uint64_t pagedata[npages];
+  uint64_t ret = lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET);
+  assert(ret == offset);
+  ret = ::read(fd, pagedata, sizeof(uint64_t)*npages);
+  assert(ret == sizeof(uint64_t) * npages);
+  int nhugepages = npages / 512;
+  int n4ktotal, nnothuge;
+  n4ktotal = 0;
+  nnothuge = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < nhugepages; ++i) {
+    uint64_t baseaddr = (pagedata[i*512] & 0x7fffffffffffffULL) * page_size;
+    for (int j = 0; j < 512; ++j) {
+      uint64_t pageaddr = (pagedata[i*512+j] & 0x7fffffffffffffULL) * page_size;
+      ++n4ktotal;
+      if (pageaddr != baseaddr + j * page_size)
+	++nnothuge;
+    }
+  }
+  int rank = CartesianCommunicator::RankWorld();
+  printf("rank %d Allocated %d 4k pages, %d not in huge pages\n", rank, n4ktotal, nnothuge);
+#endif
+}
+
+std::string sizeString(const size_t bytes)
+{
+  constexpr unsigned int bufSize = 256;
+  const char             *suffixes[7] = {"", "K", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E"};
+  char                   buf[256];
+  size_t                 s     = 0;
+  double                 count = bytes;
+  
+  while (count >= 1024 && s < 7)
+    {
+      s++;
+      count /= 1024;
+    }
+  if (count - floor(count) == 0.0)
+    {
+      snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%d %sB", (int)count, suffixes[s]);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%.1f %sB", count, suffixes[s]);
+    }
+  
+  return std::string(buf);
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+

Grid/allocator/MemoryStats.h

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+
+    Source file: ./lib/MemoryStats.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2015
+
+Author: Azusa Yamaguchi <ayamaguc@staffmail.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+#pragma once
+
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+std::string sizeString(size_t bytes);
+
+struct MemoryStats
+{
+  size_t totalAllocated{0}, maxAllocated{0}, 
+    currentlyAllocated{0}, totalFreed{0};
+};
+    
+class MemoryProfiler
+{
+public:
+  static MemoryStats *stats;
+  static bool        debug;
+};
+
+#define memString(bytes) std::to_string(bytes) + " (" + sizeString(bytes) + ")"
+#define profilerDebugPrint						\
+  if (MemoryProfiler::stats)						\
+    {									\
+      auto s = MemoryProfiler::stats;					\
+      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] Stats " << MemoryProfiler::stats << std::endl; \
+      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] total  : " << memString(s->totalAllocated) \
+		<< std::endl;						\
+      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] max    : " << memString(s->maxAllocated) \
+		<< std::endl;						\
+      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] current: " << memString(s->currentlyAllocated) \
+		<< std::endl;						\
+      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] freed  : " << memString(s->totalFreed) \
+		<< std::endl;						\
+    }
+
+#define profilerAllocate(bytes)						\
+  if (MemoryProfiler::stats)						\
+    {									\
+      auto s = MemoryProfiler::stats;					\
+      s->totalAllocated     += (bytes);					\
+      s->currentlyAllocated += (bytes);					\
+      s->maxAllocated        = std::max(s->maxAllocated, s->currentlyAllocated); \
+    }									\
+  if (MemoryProfiler::debug)						\
+    {									\
+      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] allocating " << memString(bytes) << std::endl; \
+      profilerDebugPrint;						\
+    }
+
+#define profilerFree(bytes)						\
+  if (MemoryProfiler::stats)						\
+    {									\
+      auto s = MemoryProfiler::stats;					\
+      s->totalFreed         += (bytes);					\
+      s->currentlyAllocated -= (bytes);					\
+    }									\
+  if (MemoryProfiler::debug)						\
+    {									\
+      std::cout << GridLogDebug << "[Memory debug] freeing " << memString(bytes) << std::endl; \
+      profilerDebugPrint;						\
+    }
+
+void check_huge_pages(void *Buf,uint64_t BYTES);
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+

Grid/cartesian/Cartesian_base.h

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ public:
 
   bool _isCheckerBoarded; 
   int        LocallyPeriodic;
+  Coordinate _checker_dim_mask;
 
 public:
 

Grid/cartesian/Cartesian_full.h

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class GridCartesian: public GridBase {
 
 public:
   int dummy;
+  Coordinate _checker_dim_mask;
   virtual int  CheckerBoardFromOindexTable (int Oindex) {
     return 0;
   }
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ public:
     _ldimensions.resize(_ndimension);
     _rdimensions.resize(_ndimension);
     _simd_layout.resize(_ndimension);
+    _checker_dim_mask.resize(_ndimension);;
     _lstart.resize(_ndimension);
     _lend.resize(_ndimension);
 
@@ -114,6 +116,8 @@ public:
 
     for (int d = 0; d < _ndimension; d++)
       {
+	_checker_dim_mask[d]=0;
+
         _fdimensions[d] = dimensions[d];   // Global dimensions
         _gdimensions[d] = _fdimensions[d]; // Global dimensions
         _simd_layout[d] = simd_layout[d];

Grid/cartesian/Cartesian_red_black.h

@@ -35,12 +35,28 @@ static const int CbRed  =0;
 static const int CbBlack=1;
 static const int Even   =CbRed;
 static const int Odd    =CbBlack;
+
+accelerator_inline int RedBlackCheckerBoardFromOindex (int oindex,const Coordinate &rdim,const Coordinate &chk_dim_msk)
+{
+  int nd=rdim.size();
+  Coordinate coor(nd);
+
+  Lexicographic::CoorFromIndex(coor,oindex,rdim);
+
+  int linear=0;
+  for(int d=0;d<nd;d++){
+    if(chk_dim_msk[d])
+      linear=linear+coor[d];
+  }
+  return (linear&0x1);
+}
+
     
 // Specialise this for red black grids storing half the data like a chess board.
 class GridRedBlackCartesian : public GridBase
 {
 public:
-  Coordinate _checker_dim_mask;
+  //  Coordinate _checker_dim_mask;
   int              _checker_dim;
   std::vector<int> _checker_board;
 

Grid/communicator/Communicator_base.cc

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
+bool Stencil_force_mpi = true;
+
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Info that is setup once and indept of cartesian layout
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Grid/communicator/Communicator_base.h

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 /*************************************************************************************
 
     Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
@@ -36,6 +35,8 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
+extern bool Stencil_force_mpi ;
+
 class CartesianCommunicator : public SharedMemory {
 
 public:    
@@ -52,10 +53,11 @@ public:
   // Communicator should know nothing of the physics grid, only processor grid.
   ////////////////////////////////////////////
   int              _Nprocessors;     // How many in all
-  Coordinate _processors;      // Which dimensions get relayed out over processors lanes.
   int              _processor;       // linear processor rank
-  Coordinate _processor_coor;  // linear processor coordinate
   unsigned long    _ndimension;
+  Coordinate _shm_processors;  // Which dimensions get relayed out over processors lanes.
+  Coordinate _processors;      // Which dimensions get relayed out over processors lanes.
+  Coordinate _processor_coor;  // linear processor coordinate
   static Grid_MPI_Comm      communicator_world;
   Grid_MPI_Comm             communicator;
   std::vector<Grid_MPI_Comm> communicator_halo;
@@ -96,18 +98,22 @@ public:
   int                      BossRank(void)          ;
   int                      ThisRank(void)          ;
   const Coordinate & ThisProcessorCoor(void) ;
+  const Coordinate & ShmGrid(void)  { return _shm_processors; }  ;
   const Coordinate & ProcessorGrid(void)     ;
-  int                      ProcessorCount(void)    ;
+  int                ProcessorCount(void)    ;
 
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // very VERY rarely (Log, serial RNG) we need world without a grid
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   static int  RankWorld(void) ;
   static void BroadcastWorld(int root,void* data, int bytes);
+  static void BarrierWorld(void);
   
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Reduction
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  void GlobalMax(RealD &);
+  void GlobalMax(RealF &);
   void GlobalSum(RealF &);
   void GlobalSumVector(RealF *,int N);
   void GlobalSum(RealD &);
@@ -125,7 +131,7 @@ public:
   template<class obj> void GlobalSum(obj &o){
     typedef typename obj::scalar_type scalar_type;
     int words = sizeof(obj)/sizeof(scalar_type);
-    scalar_type * ptr = (scalar_type *)& o;
+    scalar_type * ptr = (scalar_type *)& o; // Safe alias 
     GlobalSumVector(ptr,words);
   }
   
@@ -138,33 +144,18 @@ public:
 		      int recv_from_rank,
 		      int bytes);
   
-  void SendRecvPacket(void *xmit,
-		      void *recv,
-		      int xmit_to_rank,
-		      int recv_from_rank,
-		      int bytes);
-  
-  void SendToRecvFromBegin(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &list,
-			   void *xmit,
-			   int xmit_to_rank,
-			   void *recv,
-			   int recv_from_rank,
-			   int bytes);
-  
-  void SendToRecvFromComplete(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &waitall);
-
   double StencilSendToRecvFrom(void *xmit,
-			       int xmit_to_rank,
+			       int xmit_to_rank,int do_xmit,
 			       void *recv,
-			       int recv_from_rank,
+			       int recv_from_rank,int do_recv,
 			       int bytes,int dir);
 
   double StencilSendToRecvFromBegin(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &list,
 				    void *xmit,
-				    int xmit_to_rank,
+				    int xmit_to_rank,int do_xmit,
 				    void *recv,
-				    int recv_from_rank,
-				    int bytes,int dir);
+				    int recv_from_rank,int do_recv,
+				    int xbytes,int rbytes,int dir);
   
   
   void StencilSendToRecvFromComplete(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &waitall,int i);

Grid/communicator/Communicator_mpi3.cc

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*************************************************************************************
 
-    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid
 
     Source file: ./lib/communicator/Communicator_mpi.cc
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Grid_MPI_Comm       CartesianCommunicator::communicator_world;
 ////////////////////////////////////////////
 // First initialise of comms system
 ////////////////////////////////////////////
-void CartesianCommunicator::Init(int *argc, char ***argv) 
+void CartesianCommunicator::Init(int *argc, char ***argv)
 {
 
   int flag;
@@ -43,8 +43,16 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::Init(int *argc, char ***argv)
 
   MPI_Initialized(&flag); // needed to coexist with other libs apparently
   if ( !flag ) {
-    MPI_Init_thread(argc,argv,MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE,&provided);
 
+#ifndef GRID_COMMS_THREADS
+    nCommThreads=1;
+    // wrong results here too
+    // For now: comms-overlap leads to wrong results in Benchmark_wilson even on single node MPI runs
+    // other comms schemes are ok
+    MPI_Init_thread(argc,argv,MPI_THREAD_SERIALIZED,&provided);
+#else
+    MPI_Init_thread(argc,argv,MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE,&provided);
+#endif
     //If only 1 comms thread we require any threading mode other than SINGLE, but for multiple comms threads we need MULTIPLE
     if( (nCommThreads == 1) && (provided == MPI_THREAD_SINGLE) ) {
       assert(0);
@@ -91,14 +99,14 @@ void  CartesianCommunicator::ProcessorCoorFromRank(int rank, Coordinate &coor)
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Initialises from communicator_world
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors) 
+CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors)
 {
   MPI_Comm optimal_comm;
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Remap using the shared memory optimising routine
   // The remap creates a comm which must be freed
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicator    (processors,optimal_comm);
+  GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicator    (processors,optimal_comm,_shm_processors);
   InitFromMPICommunicator(processors,optimal_comm);
   SetCommunicator(optimal_comm);
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -110,24 +118,25 @@ CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors)
 //////////////////////////////////
 // Try to subdivide communicator
 //////////////////////////////////
-CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,const CartesianCommunicator &parent,int &srank)    
+CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,const CartesianCommunicator &parent,int &srank)
 {
   _ndimension = processors.size();  assert(_ndimension>=1);
   int parent_ndimension = parent._ndimension; assert(_ndimension >= parent._ndimension);
   Coordinate parent_processor_coor(_ndimension,0);
   Coordinate parent_processors    (_ndimension,1);
-
+  Coordinate shm_processors       (_ndimension,1);
   // Can make 5d grid from 4d etc...
   int pad = _ndimension-parent_ndimension;
   for(int d=0;d<parent_ndimension;d++){
     parent_processor_coor[pad+d]=parent._processor_coor[d];
     parent_processors    [pad+d]=parent._processors[d];
+    shm_processors       [pad+d]=parent._shm_processors[d];
   }
 
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // split the communicator
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  //  int Nparent = parent._processors ; 
+  //  int Nparent = parent._processors ;
   int Nparent;
   MPI_Comm_size(parent.communicator,&Nparent);
 
@@ -146,16 +155,17 @@ CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,const
     ccoor[d] = parent_processor_coor[d] % processors[d];
     scoor[d] = parent_processor_coor[d] / processors[d];
     ssize[d] = parent_processors[d]     / processors[d];
+    if ( processors[d] < shm_processors[d] ) shm_processors[d] = processors[d]; // subnode splitting.
   }
 
   // rank within subcomm ; srank is rank of subcomm within blocks of subcomms
-  int crank;  
+  int crank;
   // Mpi uses the reverse Lexico convention to us; so reversed routines called
   Lexicographic::IndexFromCoorReversed(ccoor,crank,processors); // processors is the split grid dimensions
   Lexicographic::IndexFromCoorReversed(scoor,srank,ssize);      // ssize is the number of split grids
 
   MPI_Comm comm_split;
-  if ( Nchild > 1 ) { 
+  if ( Nchild > 1 ) {
 
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // Split the communicator
@@ -180,11 +190,11 @@ CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,const
   SetCommunicator(comm_split);
 
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////
-  // Free the temp communicator 
+  // Free the temp communicator
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////
   MPI_Comm_free(&comm_split);
 
-  if(0){ 
+  if(0){
     std::cout << " ndim " <<_ndimension<<" " << parent._ndimension << std::endl;
     for(int d=0;d<processors.size();d++){
       std::cout << d<< " " << _processor_coor[d] <<" " <<  ccoor[d]<<std::endl;
@@ -245,7 +255,7 @@ CartesianCommunicator::~CartesianCommunicator()
     for(int i=0;i<communicator_halo.size();i++){
       MPI_Comm_free(&communicator_halo[i]);
     }
-  }  
+  }
 }
 void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalSum(uint32_t &u){
   int ierr=MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE,&u,1,MPI_UINT32_T,MPI_SUM,communicator);
@@ -267,6 +277,16 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalXOR(uint64_t &u){
   int ierr=MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE,&u,1,MPI_UINT64_T,MPI_BXOR,communicator);
   assert(ierr==0);
 }
+void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalMax(float &f)
+{
+  int ierr=MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE,&f,1,MPI_FLOAT,MPI_MAX,communicator);
+  assert(ierr==0);
+}
+void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalMax(double &d)
+{
+  int ierr = MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE,&d,1,MPI_DOUBLE,MPI_MAX,communicator);
+  assert(ierr==0);
+}
 void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalSum(float &f){
   int ierr=MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE,&f,1,MPI_FLOAT,MPI_SUM,communicator);
   assert(ierr==0);
@@ -294,80 +314,48 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::SendToRecvFrom(void *xmit,
 					   int bytes)
 {
   std::vector<CommsRequest_t> reqs(0);
-  //    unsigned long  xcrc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
-  //    unsigned long  rcrc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
-  //    xcrc = crc32(xcrc,(unsigned char *)xmit,bytes);
-  SendToRecvFromBegin(reqs,xmit,dest,recv,from,bytes);
-  SendToRecvFromComplete(reqs);
-  //    rcrc = crc32(rcrc,(unsigned char *)recv,bytes);
-  //    printf("proc %d SendToRecvFrom %d bytes %lx %lx\n",_processor,bytes,xcrc,rcrc);
-}
-void CartesianCommunicator::SendRecvPacket(void *xmit,
-					   void *recv,
-					   int sender,
-					   int receiver,
-					   int bytes)
-{
-  MPI_Status stat;
-  assert(sender != receiver);
-  int tag = sender;
-  if ( _processor == sender ) {
-    MPI_Send(xmit, bytes, MPI_CHAR,receiver,tag,communicator);
-  }
-  if ( _processor == receiver ) { 
-    MPI_Recv(recv, bytes, MPI_CHAR,sender,tag,communicator,&stat);
-  }
-}
-// Basic Halo comms primitive
-void CartesianCommunicator::SendToRecvFromBegin(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &list,
-						void *xmit,
-						int dest,
-						void *recv,
-						int from,
-						int bytes)
-{
+  unsigned long  xcrc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
+  unsigned long  rcrc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
+
   int myrank = _processor;
   int ierr;
 
-  if ( CommunicatorPolicy == CommunicatorPolicyConcurrent ) { 
-    MPI_Request xrq;
-    MPI_Request rrq;
+  // Enforce no UVM in comms, device or host OK
+  assert(acceleratorIsCommunicable(xmit));
+  assert(acceleratorIsCommunicable(recv));
 
-    ierr =MPI_Irecv(recv, bytes, MPI_CHAR,from,from,communicator,&rrq);
-    ierr|=MPI_Isend(xmit, bytes, MPI_CHAR,dest,_processor,communicator,&xrq);
-    
-    assert(ierr==0);
-    list.push_back(xrq);
-    list.push_back(rrq);
-  } else { 
-    // Give the CPU to MPI immediately; can use threads to overlap optionally
-    ierr=MPI_Sendrecv(xmit,bytes,MPI_CHAR,dest,myrank,
-		      recv,bytes,MPI_CHAR,from, from,
-		      communicator,MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
-    assert(ierr==0);
-  }
+  // Give the CPU to MPI immediately; can use threads to overlap optionally
+  //  printf("proc %d SendToRecvFrom %d bytes Sendrecv \n",_processor,bytes);
+  ierr=MPI_Sendrecv(xmit,bytes,MPI_CHAR,dest,myrank,
+		    recv,bytes,MPI_CHAR,from, from,
+		    communicator,MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+  assert(ierr==0);
+
+  //  xcrc = crc32(xcrc,(unsigned char *)xmit,bytes);
+  //  rcrc = crc32(rcrc,(unsigned char *)recv,bytes);
+  //  printf("proc %d SendToRecvFrom %d bytes xcrc %lx rcrc %lx\n",_processor,bytes,xcrc,rcrc); fflush
 }
-
+// Basic Halo comms primitive
 double CartesianCommunicator::StencilSendToRecvFrom( void *xmit,
-						     int dest,
+						     int dest, int dox,
 						     void *recv,
-						     int from,
+						     int from, int dor,
 						     int bytes,int dir)
 {
   std::vector<CommsRequest_t> list;
-  double offbytes = StencilSendToRecvFromBegin(list,xmit,dest,recv,from,bytes,dir);
+  double offbytes = StencilSendToRecvFromBegin(list,xmit,dest,dox,recv,from,dor,bytes,bytes,dir);
   StencilSendToRecvFromComplete(list,dir);
   return offbytes;
 }
 
 double CartesianCommunicator::StencilSendToRecvFromBegin(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &list,
 							 void *xmit,
-							 int dest,
+							 int dest,int dox,
 							 void *recv,
-							 int from,
-							 int bytes,int dir)
+							 int from,int dor,
+							 int xbytes,int rbytes,int dir)
 {
-  int ncomm  =communicator_halo.size(); 
+  int ncomm  =communicator_halo.size();
   int commdir=dir%ncomm;
 
   MPI_Request xrq;
@@ -382,36 +370,35 @@ double CartesianCommunicator::StencilSendToRecvFromBegin(std::vector<CommsReques
   assert(from != _processor);
   assert(gme  == ShmRank);
   double off_node_bytes=0.0;
+  int tag;
 
-  if ( gfrom ==MPI_UNDEFINED) {
-    ierr=MPI_Irecv(recv, bytes, MPI_CHAR,from,from,communicator_halo[commdir],&rrq);
-    assert(ierr==0);
-    list.push_back(rrq);
-    off_node_bytes+=bytes;
+  if ( dor ) {
+    if ( (gfrom ==MPI_UNDEFINED) || Stencil_force_mpi ) {
+      tag= dir+from*32;
+      ierr=MPI_Irecv(recv, rbytes, MPI_CHAR,from,tag,communicator_halo[commdir],&rrq);
+      assert(ierr==0);
+      list.push_back(rrq);
+      off_node_bytes+=rbytes;
+    }
   }
-
-  if ( gdest == MPI_UNDEFINED ) {
-    ierr =MPI_Isend(xmit, bytes, MPI_CHAR,dest,_processor,communicator_halo[commdir],&xrq);
-    assert(ierr==0);
-    list.push_back(xrq);
-    off_node_bytes+=bytes;
-  }
-
-  if ( CommunicatorPolicy == CommunicatorPolicySequential ) { 
-    this->StencilSendToRecvFromComplete(list,dir);
+  
+  if (dox) {
+    if ( (gdest == MPI_UNDEFINED) || Stencil_force_mpi ) {
+      tag= dir+_processor*32;
+      ierr =MPI_Isend(xmit, xbytes, MPI_CHAR,dest,tag,communicator_halo[commdir],&xrq);
+      assert(ierr==0);
+      list.push_back(xrq);
+      off_node_bytes+=xbytes;
+    } else {
+      void *shm = (void *) this->ShmBufferTranslate(dest,recv);
+      assert(shm!=NULL);
+      acceleratorCopyDeviceToDeviceAsynch(xmit,shm,xbytes);
+    }
   }
 
   return off_node_bytes;
 }
-void CartesianCommunicator::StencilSendToRecvFromComplete(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &waitall,int dir)
-{
-  SendToRecvFromComplete(waitall);
-}
-void CartesianCommunicator::StencilBarrier(void)
-{
-  MPI_Barrier  (ShmComm);
-}
-void CartesianCommunicator::SendToRecvFromComplete(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &list)
+void CartesianCommunicator::StencilSendToRecvFromComplete(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &list,int dir)
 {
   int nreq=list.size();
 
@@ -422,6 +409,13 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::SendToRecvFromComplete(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &
   assert(ierr==0);
   list.resize(0);
 }
+void CartesianCommunicator::StencilBarrier(void)
+{
+  MPI_Barrier  (ShmComm);
+}
+//void CartesianCommunicator::SendToRecvFromComplete(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &list)
+//{
+//}
 void CartesianCommunicator::Barrier(void)
 {
   int ierr = MPI_Barrier(communicator);
@@ -436,11 +430,15 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::Broadcast(int root,void* data, int bytes)
 		     communicator);
   assert(ierr==0);
 }
-int CartesianCommunicator::RankWorld(void){ 
-  int r; 
+int CartesianCommunicator::RankWorld(void){
+  int r;
   MPI_Comm_rank(communicator_world,&r);
   return r;
 }
+void CartesianCommunicator::BarrierWorld(void){
+  int ierr = MPI_Barrier(communicator_world);
+  assert(ierr==0);
+}
 void CartesianCommunicator::BroadcastWorld(int root,void* data, int bytes)
 {
   int ierr= MPI_Bcast(data,
@@ -470,7 +468,7 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::AllToAll(void  *in,void *out,uint64_t words,uint64_t
   // When 24*4 bytes multiples get 50x 10^9 >>> 2x10^9 Y2K bug.
   // (Turns up on 32^3 x 64 Gparity too)
   MPI_Datatype object;
-  int iwords; 
+  int iwords;
   int ibytes;
   iwords = words;
   ibytes = bytes;
@@ -483,5 +481,3 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::AllToAll(void  *in,void *out,uint64_t words,uint64_t
 }
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
-
-

Grid/communicator/Communicator_none.cc

@@ -45,12 +45,14 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::Init(int *argc, char *** arv)
 CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,const CartesianCommunicator &parent,int &srank) 
   : CartesianCommunicator(processors) 
 {
+  _shm_processors = Coordinate(processors.size(),1);
   srank=0;
   SetCommunicator(communicator_world);
 }
 
 CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors)
 {
+  _shm_processors = Coordinate(processors.size(),1);
   _processors = processors;
   _ndimension = processors.size();  assert(_ndimension>=1);
   _processor_coor.resize(_ndimension);
@@ -67,6 +69,8 @@ CartesianCommunicator::CartesianCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors)
 
 CartesianCommunicator::~CartesianCommunicator(){}
 
+void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalMax(float &){}
+void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalMax(double &){}
 void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalSum(float &){}
 void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalSumVector(float *,int N){}
 void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalSum(double &){}
@@ -77,15 +81,6 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalSumVector(uint64_t *,int N){}
 void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalXOR(uint32_t &){}
 void CartesianCommunicator::GlobalXOR(uint64_t &){}
 
-void CartesianCommunicator::SendRecvPacket(void *xmit,
-					   void *recv,
-					   int xmit_to_rank,
-					   int recv_from_rank,
-					   int bytes)
-{
-  assert(0);
-}
-
 
 // Basic Halo comms primitive -- should never call in single node
 void CartesianCommunicator::SendToRecvFrom(void *xmit,
@@ -96,20 +91,6 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::SendToRecvFrom(void *xmit,
 {
   assert(0);
 }
-void CartesianCommunicator::SendToRecvFromBegin(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &list,
-						void *xmit,
-						int dest,
-						void *recv,
-						int from,
-						int bytes)
-{
-  assert(0);
-}
-
-void CartesianCommunicator::SendToRecvFromComplete(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &list)
-{
-  assert(0);
-}
 void CartesianCommunicator::AllToAll(int dim,void  *in,void *out,uint64_t words,uint64_t bytes)
 {
   bcopy(in,out,bytes*words);
@@ -123,6 +104,7 @@ int  CartesianCommunicator::RankWorld(void){return 0;}
 void CartesianCommunicator::Barrier(void){}
 void CartesianCommunicator::Broadcast(int root,void* data, int bytes) {}
 void CartesianCommunicator::BroadcastWorld(int root,void* data, int bytes) { }
+void CartesianCommunicator::BarrierWorld(void) { }
 int  CartesianCommunicator::RankFromProcessorCoor(Coordinate &coor) {  return 0;}
 void CartesianCommunicator::ProcessorCoorFromRank(int rank, Coordinate &coor){  coor = _processor_coor; }
 void CartesianCommunicator::ShiftedRanks(int dim,int shift,int &source,int &dest)
@@ -132,31 +114,24 @@ void CartesianCommunicator::ShiftedRanks(int dim,int shift,int &source,int &dest
 }
 
 double CartesianCommunicator::StencilSendToRecvFrom( void *xmit,
-						     int xmit_to_rank,
+						     int xmit_to_rank,int dox,
 						     void *recv,
-						     int recv_from_rank,
+						     int recv_from_rank,int dor,
 						     int bytes, int dir)
 {
-  std::vector<CommsRequest_t> list;
-  // Discard the "dir"
-  SendToRecvFromBegin   (list,xmit,xmit_to_rank,recv,recv_from_rank,bytes);
-  SendToRecvFromComplete(list);
   return 2.0*bytes;
 }
 double CartesianCommunicator::StencilSendToRecvFromBegin(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &list,
 							 void *xmit,
-							 int xmit_to_rank,
+							 int xmit_to_rank,int dox,
 							 void *recv,
-							 int recv_from_rank,
-							 int bytes, int dir)
+							 int recv_from_rank,int dor,
+							 int xbytes,int rbytes, int dir)
 {
-  // Discard the "dir"
-  SendToRecvFromBegin(list,xmit,xmit_to_rank,recv,recv_from_rank,bytes);
-  return 2.0*bytes;
+  return xbytes+rbytes;
 }
 void CartesianCommunicator::StencilSendToRecvFromComplete(std::vector<CommsRequest_t> &waitall,int dir)
 {
-  SendToRecvFromComplete(waitall);
 }
 
 void CartesianCommunicator::StencilBarrier(void){};

Grid/communicator/SharedMemory.cc

@@ -91,6 +91,59 @@ void *SharedMemory::ShmBufferSelf(void)
   //std::cerr << "ShmBufferSelf "<<ShmRank<<" "<<std::hex<< ShmCommBufs[ShmRank] <<std::dec<<std::endl;
   return ShmCommBufs[ShmRank];
 }
+static inline int divides(int a,int b)
+{
+  return ( b == ( (b/a)*a ) );
+}
+void GlobalSharedMemory::GetShmDims(const Coordinate &WorldDims,Coordinate &ShmDims)
+{
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Allow user to configure through environment variable
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  char* str = getenv(("GRID_SHM_DIMS_" + std::to_string(ShmDims.size())).c_str());
+  if ( str ) {
+    std::vector<int> IntShmDims;
+    GridCmdOptionIntVector(std::string(str),IntShmDims);
+    assert(IntShmDims.size() == WorldDims.size());
+    long ShmSize = 1;
+    for (int dim=0;dim<WorldDims.size();dim++) {
+      ShmSize *= (ShmDims[dim] = IntShmDims[dim]);
+      assert(divides(ShmDims[dim],WorldDims[dim]));
+    }
+    assert(ShmSize == WorldShmSize);
+    return;
+  }
+  
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Powers of 2,3,5 only in prime decomposition for now
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  int ndimension = WorldDims.size();
+  ShmDims=Coordinate(ndimension,1);
+
+  std::vector<int> primes({2,3,5});
+
+  int dim = 0;
+  int last_dim = ndimension - 1;
+  int AutoShmSize = 1;
+  while(AutoShmSize != WorldShmSize) {
+    int p;
+    for(p=0;p<primes.size();p++) {
+      int prime=primes[p];
+      if ( divides(prime,WorldDims[dim]/ShmDims[dim])
+        && divides(prime,WorldShmSize/AutoShmSize)  ) {
+  AutoShmSize*=prime;
+  ShmDims[dim]*=prime;
+  last_dim = dim;
+  break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (p == primes.size() && last_dim == dim) {
+      std::cerr << "GlobalSharedMemory::GetShmDims failed" << std::endl;
+      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    dim=(dim+1) %ndimension;
+  }
+}
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid); 
 

Grid/communicator/SharedMemory.h

@@ -93,16 +93,17 @@ public:
   // Create an optimal reordered communicator that makes MPI_Cart_create get it right
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   static void Init(Grid_MPI_Comm comm); // Typically MPI_COMM_WORLD
-  static void OptimalCommunicator            (const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm);  // Turns MPI_COMM_WORLD into right layout for Cartesian
-  static void OptimalCommunicatorHypercube   (const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm);  // Turns MPI_COMM_WORLD into right layout for Cartesian
-  static void OptimalCommunicatorSharedMemory(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm);  // Turns MPI_COMM_WORLD into right layout for Cartesian
+  // Turns MPI_COMM_WORLD into right layout for Cartesian
+  static void OptimalCommunicator            (const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm,Coordinate &ShmDims); 
+  static void OptimalCommunicatorHypercube   (const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm,Coordinate &ShmDims); 
+  static void OptimalCommunicatorSharedMemory(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm,Coordinate &ShmDims); 
   static void GetShmDims(const Coordinate &WorldDims,Coordinate &ShmDims);
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Provide shared memory facilities off comm world
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
   static void SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags);
   static void SharedMemoryFree(void);
-  static void SharedMemoryCopy(void *dest,const void *src,size_t bytes);
+  static void SharedMemoryCopy(void *dest,void *src,size_t bytes);
   static void SharedMemoryZero(void *dest,size_t bytes);
 
 };

Grid/communicator/SharedMemoryMPI.cc

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
     Copyright (C) 2015
 
 Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: Christoph Lehner <christoph@lhnr.de>
 
     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -26,15 +27,131 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 *************************************************************************************/
 /*  END LEGAL */
 
+#define header "SharedMemoryMpi: "
+
 #include <Grid/GridCore.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
 
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
 #include <cuda_runtime_api.h>
 #endif
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+#include <hip/hip_runtime_api.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL
+#define GRID_SYCL_LEVEL_ZERO_IPC
+#include <syscall.h>
+#define SHM_SOCKETS 
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid); 
-#define header "SharedMemoryMpi: "
+
+#ifdef SHM_SOCKETS
+
+/*
+ * Barbaric extra intranode communication route in case we need sockets to pass FDs
+ * Forced by level_zero not being nicely designed
+ */
+static int sock;
+static const char *sock_path_fmt = "/tmp/GridUnixSocket.%d";
+static char sock_path[256];
+class UnixSockets {
+public:
+  static void Open(int rank)
+  {
+    int errnum;
+
+    sock = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);  assert(sock>0);
+
+    struct sockaddr_un sa_un = { 0 };
+    sa_un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+    snprintf(sa_un.sun_path, sizeof(sa_un.sun_path),sock_path_fmt,rank);
+    unlink(sa_un.sun_path);
+    if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sa_un, sizeof(sa_un))) {
+      perror("bind failure");
+      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int RecvFileDescriptor(void)
+  {
+    int n;
+    int fd;
+    char buf[1];
+    struct iovec iov;
+    struct msghdr msg;
+    struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+    char cms[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
+
+    iov.iov_base = buf;
+    iov.iov_len = 1;
+
+    memset(&msg, 0, sizeof msg);
+    msg.msg_name = 0;
+    msg.msg_namelen = 0;
+    msg.msg_iov = &iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
+
+    msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)cms;
+    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof cms;
+
+    if((n=recvmsg(sock, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
+      perror("recvmsg failed");
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if(n == 0){
+      perror("recvmsg returned 0");
+      return -1;
+    }
+    cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
+
+    memmove(&fd, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(int));
+
+    return fd;
+  }
+
+  static void SendFileDescriptor(int fildes,int xmit_to_rank)
+  {
+    struct msghdr msg;
+    struct iovec iov;
+    struct cmsghdr *cmsg = NULL;
+    char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
+    char data = ' ';
+
+    memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(struct msghdr));
+    memset(ctrl, 0, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)));
+    iov.iov_base = &data;
+    iov.iov_len = sizeof(data);
+    
+    sprintf(sock_path,sock_path_fmt,xmit_to_rank);
+    
+    struct sockaddr_un sa_un = { 0 };
+    sa_un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+    snprintf(sa_un.sun_path, sizeof(sa_un.sun_path),sock_path_fmt,xmit_to_rank);
+
+    msg.msg_name = (void *)&sa_un;
+    msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(sa_un);
+    msg.msg_iov = &iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
+    msg.msg_controllen =  CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
+    msg.msg_control = ctrl;
+
+    cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
+    cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
+    cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
+    cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
+
+    *((int *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg)) = fildes;
+
+    sendmsg(sock, &msg, 0);
+  };
+};
+#endif
+
+
 /*Construct from an MPI communicator*/
 void GlobalSharedMemory::Init(Grid_MPI_Comm comm)
 {
@@ -47,7 +164,12 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::Init(Grid_MPI_Comm comm)
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Split into groups that can share memory
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#ifndef GRID_MPI3_SHM_NONE
   MPI_Comm_split_type(comm, MPI_COMM_TYPE_SHARED, 0, MPI_INFO_NULL,&WorldShmComm);
+#else
+  MPI_Comm_split(comm, WorldRank, 0, &WorldShmComm);
+#endif
+
   MPI_Comm_rank(WorldShmComm     ,&WorldShmRank);
   MPI_Comm_size(WorldShmComm     ,&WorldShmSize);
 
@@ -61,6 +183,7 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::Init(Grid_MPI_Comm comm)
   WorldNodes = WorldSize/WorldShmSize;
   assert( (WorldNodes * WorldShmSize) == WorldSize );
 
+
   // FIXME: Check all WorldShmSize are the same ?
 
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -139,7 +262,7 @@ int Log2Size(int TwoToPower,int MAXLOG2)
   }
   return log2size;
 }
-void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm)
+void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm,Coordinate &SHM)
 {
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Look and see if it looks like an HPE 8600 based on hostname conventions
@@ -152,39 +275,11 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_M
   gethostname(name,namelen);
   int nscan = sscanf(name,"r%di%dn%d",&R,&I,&N) ;
 
-  if(nscan==3 && HPEhypercube ) OptimalCommunicatorHypercube(processors,optimal_comm);
-  else                          OptimalCommunicatorSharedMemory(processors,optimal_comm);
+  if(nscan==3 && HPEhypercube ) OptimalCommunicatorHypercube(processors,optimal_comm,SHM);
+  else                          OptimalCommunicatorSharedMemory(processors,optimal_comm,SHM);
 }
-static inline int divides(int a,int b)
-{
-  return ( b == ( (b/a)*a ) );
-}
-void GlobalSharedMemory::GetShmDims(const Coordinate &WorldDims,Coordinate &ShmDims)
-{
-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  // Powers of 2,3,5 only in prime decomposition for now
-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  int ndimension = WorldDims.size();
-  ShmDims=Coordinate(ndimension,1);
 
-  std::vector<int> primes({2,3,5});
-
-  int dim = 0;
-  int AutoShmSize = 1;
-  while(AutoShmSize != WorldShmSize) {
-    for(int p=0;p<primes.size();p++) {
-      int prime=primes[p];
-      if ( divides(prime,WorldDims[dim]/ShmDims[dim])
-        && divides(prime,WorldShmSize/AutoShmSize)  ) {
-	AutoShmSize*=prime;
-	ShmDims[dim]*=prime;
-	break;
-      }
-    }
-    dim=(dim+1) %ndimension;
-  }
-}
-void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicatorHypercube(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm)
+void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicatorHypercube(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm,Coordinate &SHM)
 {
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Assert power of two shm_size.
@@ -257,7 +352,8 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicatorHypercube(const Coordinate &processo
   Coordinate HyperCoor(ndimension);
 
   GetShmDims(WorldDims,ShmDims);
-
+  SHM = ShmDims;
+  
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Establish torus of processes and nodes with sub-blockings
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -304,7 +400,7 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicatorHypercube(const Coordinate &processo
   int ierr= MPI_Comm_split(WorldComm,0,rank,&optimal_comm);
   assert(ierr==0);
 }
-void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicatorSharedMemory(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm)
+void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicatorSharedMemory(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm,Coordinate &SHM)
 {
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Identify subblock of ranks on node spreading across dims
@@ -316,6 +412,8 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicatorSharedMemory(const Coordinate &proce
   Coordinate ShmCoor(ndimension);    Coordinate NodeCoor(ndimension);   Coordinate WorldCoor(ndimension);
 
   GetShmDims(WorldDims,ShmDims);
+  SHM=ShmDims;
+
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Establish torus of processes and nodes with sub-blockings
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -413,7 +511,47 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Hugetlbfs mapping intended
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA) ||defined(GRID_HIP)  || defined(GRID_SYCL)
+
+//if defined(GRID_SYCL)
+#if 0
+void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
+{
+  void * ShmCommBuf ; 
+  assert(_ShmSetup==1);
+  assert(_ShmAlloc==0);
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // allocate the pointer array for shared windows for our group
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  MPI_Barrier(WorldShmComm);
+  WorldShmCommBufs.resize(WorldShmSize);
+
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Each MPI rank should allocate our own buffer
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  ShmCommBuf = acceleratorAllocDevice(bytes);
+
+  if (ShmCommBuf == (void *)NULL ) {
+    std::cerr << " SharedMemoryMPI.cc acceleratorAllocDevice failed NULL pointer for " << bytes<<" bytes " << std::endl;
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  
+  }
+
+  std::cout << WorldRank << header " SharedMemoryMPI.cc acceleratorAllocDevice "<< bytes 
+	    << "bytes at "<< std::hex<< ShmCommBuf <<std::dec<<" for comms buffers " <<std::endl;
+
+  SharedMemoryZero(ShmCommBuf,bytes);
+
+  assert(WorldShmSize == 1);
+  for(int r=0;r<WorldShmSize;r++){
+    WorldShmCommBufs[r] = ShmCommBuf;
+  }
+  _ShmAllocBytes=bytes;
+  _ShmAlloc=1;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA) ||defined(GRID_HIP) ||defined(GRID_SYCL)  
 void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
 {
   void * ShmCommBuf ; 
@@ -433,51 +571,91 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   //  cudaDeviceGetP2PAttribute(&perfRank, cudaDevP2PAttrPerformanceRank, device1, device2);
 
-#ifdef GRID_IBM_SUMMIT
-  // IBM Jsrun makes cuda Device numbering screwy and not match rank
-    std::cout << "IBM Summit or similar - NOT setting device to WorldShmRank"<<std::endl;
-#else
-    std::cout << "setting device to WorldShmRank"<<std::endl;
-    cudaSetDevice(WorldShmRank);
-#endif
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Each MPI rank should allocate our own buffer
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  auto err =  cudaMalloc(&ShmCommBuf, bytes);
-  if ( err !=  cudaSuccess) {
-    std::cerr << " SharedMemoryMPI.cc cudaMallocManaged failed for " << bytes<<" bytes " <<cudaGetErrorString(err)<< std::endl;
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  
-  }
+  ShmCommBuf = acceleratorAllocDevice(bytes);
   if (ShmCommBuf == (void *)NULL ) {
-    std::cerr << " SharedMemoryMPI.cc cudaMallocManaged failed NULL pointer for " << bytes<<" bytes " << std::endl;
+    std::cerr << " SharedMemoryMPI.cc acceleratorAllocDevice failed NULL pointer for " << bytes<<" bytes " << std::endl;
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  
   }
   if ( WorldRank == 0 ){
-    std::cout << header " SharedMemoryMPI.cc cudaMalloc "<< bytes << "bytes at "<< std::hex<< ShmCommBuf <<std::dec<<" for comms buffers " <<std::endl;
+    std::cout << WorldRank << header " SharedMemoryMPI.cc acceleratorAllocDevice "<< bytes 
+	      << "bytes at "<< std::hex<< ShmCommBuf << " - "<<(bytes-1+(uint64_t)ShmCommBuf) <<std::dec<<" for comms buffers " <<std::endl;
   }
   SharedMemoryZero(ShmCommBuf,bytes);
-
+  std::cout<< "Setting up IPC"<<std::endl;
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Loop over ranks/gpu's on our node
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#ifdef SHM_SOCKETS
+  UnixSockets::Open(WorldShmRank);
+#endif
   for(int r=0;r<WorldShmSize;r++){
-    
+
+    MPI_Barrier(WorldShmComm);
+
+#ifndef GRID_MPI3_SHM_NONE
     //////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // If it is me, pass around the IPC access key
     //////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    cudaIpcMemHandle_t handle;
+    void * thisBuf = ShmCommBuf;
+    if(!Stencil_force_mpi) {
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL_LEVEL_ZERO_IPC
+    typedef struct { int fd; pid_t pid ; ze_ipc_mem_handle_t ze; } clone_mem_t;
+
+    auto zeDevice    = cl::sycl::get_native<cl::sycl::backend::level_zero>(theGridAccelerator->get_device());
+    auto zeContext   = cl::sycl::get_native<cl::sycl::backend::level_zero>(theGridAccelerator->get_context());
+      
+    ze_ipc_mem_handle_t ihandle;
+    clone_mem_t handle;
     
     if ( r==WorldShmRank ) { 
-      err = cudaIpcGetMemHandle(&handle,ShmCommBuf);
+      auto err = zeMemGetIpcHandle(zeContext,ShmCommBuf,&ihandle);
+      if ( err != ZE_RESULT_SUCCESS ) {
+	std::cerr << "SharedMemoryMPI.cc zeMemGetIpcHandle failed for rank "<<r<<" "<<std::hex<<err<<std::dec<<std::endl;
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      } else {
+	std::cout << "SharedMemoryMPI.cc zeMemGetIpcHandle succeeded for rank "<<r<<" "<<std::hex<<err<<std::dec<<std::endl;
+      }
+      memcpy((void *)&handle.fd,(void *)&ihandle,sizeof(int));
+      handle.pid = getpid();
+      memcpy((void *)&handle.ze,(void *)&ihandle,sizeof(ihandle));
+#ifdef SHM_SOCKETS
+      for(int rr=0;rr<WorldShmSize;rr++){
+	if(rr!=r){
+	  UnixSockets::SendFileDescriptor(handle.fd,rr);
+	}
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
+    cudaIpcMemHandle_t handle;
+    if ( r==WorldShmRank ) { 
+      auto err = cudaIpcGetMemHandle(&handle,ShmCommBuf);
       if ( err !=  cudaSuccess) {
 	std::cerr << " SharedMemoryMPI.cc cudaIpcGetMemHandle failed for rank" << r <<" "<<cudaGetErrorString(err)<< std::endl;
 	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
       }
     }
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+    hipIpcMemHandle_t handle;    
+    if ( r==WorldShmRank ) { 
+      auto err = hipIpcGetMemHandle(&handle,ShmCommBuf);
+      if ( err !=  hipSuccess) {
+	std::cerr << " SharedMemoryMPI.cc hipIpcGetMemHandle failed for rank" << r <<" "<<hipGetErrorString(err)<< std::endl;
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
     //////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // Share this IPC handle across the Shm Comm
     //////////////////////////////////////////////////
     { 
+      MPI_Barrier(WorldShmComm);
       int ierr=MPI_Bcast(&handle,
 			 sizeof(handle),
 			 MPI_BYTE,
@@ -489,23 +667,79 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // If I am not the source, overwrite thisBuf with remote buffer
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    void * thisBuf = ShmCommBuf;
+
+#ifdef GRID_SYCL_LEVEL_ZERO_IPC
+    if ( r!=WorldShmRank ) {
+      thisBuf = nullptr;
+      int myfd;
+#ifdef SHM_SOCKETS
+      myfd=UnixSockets::RecvFileDescriptor();
+#else
+      std::cout<<"mapping seeking remote pid/fd "
+	       <<handle.pid<<"/"
+	       <<handle.fd<<std::endl;
+
+      int pidfd = syscall(SYS_pidfd_open,handle.pid,0);
+      std::cout<<"Using IpcHandle pidfd "<<pidfd<<"\n";
+      //      int myfd  = syscall(SYS_pidfd_getfd,pidfd,handle.fd,0);
+      myfd  = syscall(438,pidfd,handle.fd,0);
+      int err_t = errno;
+      if (myfd < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr,"pidfd_getfd returned %d errno was %d\n", myfd,err_t); fflush(stderr);
+	perror("pidfd_getfd failed ");
+	assert(0);
+      }
+#endif
+      std::cout<<"Using IpcHandle mapped remote pid "<<handle.pid <<" FD "<<handle.fd <<" to myfd "<<myfd<<"\n";
+      memcpy((void *)&ihandle,(void *)&handle.ze,sizeof(ihandle));
+      memcpy((void *)&ihandle,(void *)&myfd,sizeof(int));
+
+      auto err = zeMemOpenIpcHandle(zeContext,zeDevice,ihandle,0,&thisBuf);
+      if ( err != ZE_RESULT_SUCCESS ) {
+	std::cerr << "SharedMemoryMPI.cc "<<zeContext<<" "<<zeDevice<<std::endl;
+	std::cerr << "SharedMemoryMPI.cc zeMemOpenIpcHandle failed for rank "<<r<<" "<<std::hex<<err<<std::dec<<std::endl; 
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      } else {
+	std::cout << "SharedMemoryMPI.cc zeMemOpenIpcHandle succeeded for rank "<<r<<std::endl;
+	std::cout << "SharedMemoryMPI.cc zeMemOpenIpcHandle pointer is "<<std::hex<<thisBuf<<std::dec<<std::endl;
+      }
+      assert(thisBuf!=nullptr);
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
     if ( r!=WorldShmRank ) { 
-      err = cudaIpcOpenMemHandle(&thisBuf,handle,cudaIpcMemLazyEnablePeerAccess);
+      auto err = cudaIpcOpenMemHandle(&thisBuf,handle,cudaIpcMemLazyEnablePeerAccess);
       if ( err !=  cudaSuccess) {
 	std::cerr << " SharedMemoryMPI.cc cudaIpcOpenMemHandle failed for rank" << r <<" "<<cudaGetErrorString(err)<< std::endl;
 	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
       }
     }
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+    if ( r!=WorldShmRank ) { 
+      auto err = hipIpcOpenMemHandle(&thisBuf,handle,hipIpcMemLazyEnablePeerAccess);
+      if ( err !=  hipSuccess) {
+	std::cerr << " SharedMemoryMPI.cc hipIpcOpenMemHandle failed for rank" << r <<" "<<hipGetErrorString(err)<< std::endl;
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // Save a copy of the device buffers
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    }
     WorldShmCommBufs[r] = thisBuf;
+#else
+    WorldShmCommBufs[r] = ShmCommBuf;
+#endif
+    MPI_Barrier(WorldShmComm);
   }
 
   _ShmAllocBytes=bytes;
   _ShmAlloc=1;
 }
+#endif
+
 #else 
 #ifdef GRID_MPI3_SHMMMAP
 void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
@@ -633,7 +867,6 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
 #endif
       void * ptr =  mmap(NULL,size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, mmap_flag, fd, 0);
       
-      //      std::cout << "Set WorldShmCommBufs["<<r<<"]="<<ptr<< "("<< size<< "bytes)"<<std::endl;
       if ( ptr == (void * )MAP_FAILED ) {       
 	perror("failed mmap");     
 	assert(0);    
@@ -677,16 +910,16 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryZero(void *dest,size_t bytes)
 {
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
-  cudaMemset(dest,0,bytes);
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA) || defined(GRID_HIP) || defined(GRID_SYCL)
+  acceleratorMemSet(dest,0,bytes);
 #else
   bzero(dest,bytes);
 #endif
 }
-void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryCopy(void *dest,const void *src,size_t bytes)
+void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryCopy(void *dest,void *src,size_t bytes)
 {
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
-  cudaMemcpy(dest,src,bytes,cudaMemcpyDefault);
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA) || defined(GRID_HIP) || defined(GRID_SYCL)
+  acceleratorCopyToDevice(src,dest,bytes);
 #else   
   bcopy(src,dest,bytes);
 #endif
@@ -705,7 +938,11 @@ void SharedMemory::SetCommunicator(Grid_MPI_Comm comm)
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Split into groups that can share memory
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#ifndef GRID_MPI3_SHM_NONE
   MPI_Comm_split_type(comm, MPI_COMM_TYPE_SHARED, 0, MPI_INFO_NULL,&ShmComm);
+#else
+  MPI_Comm_split(comm, rank, 0, &ShmComm);
+#endif
   MPI_Comm_rank(ShmComm     ,&ShmRank);
   MPI_Comm_size(ShmComm     ,&ShmSize);
   ShmCommBufs.resize(ShmSize);
@@ -735,25 +972,18 @@ void SharedMemory::SetCommunicator(Grid_MPI_Comm comm)
   std::vector<int> ranks(size);   for(int r=0;r<size;r++) ranks[r]=r;
   MPI_Group_translate_ranks (FullGroup,size,&ranks[0],ShmGroup, &ShmRanks[0]); 
 
-#ifdef GRID_IBM_SUMMIT
-  // Hide the shared memory path between sockets 
-  // if even number of nodes
-  if ( (ShmSize & 0x1)==0 ) {
-    int SocketSize = ShmSize/2;
-    int mySocket = ShmRank/SocketSize; 
+#ifdef GRID_SHM_FORCE_MPI
+  // Hide the shared memory path between ranks
+  {
     for(int r=0;r<size;r++){
-      int hisRank=ShmRanks[r];
-      if ( hisRank!= MPI_UNDEFINED ) {
-	int hisSocket=hisRank/SocketSize;
-	if ( hisSocket != mySocket ) {
-	  ShmRanks[r] = MPI_UNDEFINED;
-	}
+      if ( r!=rank ) {
+	ShmRanks[r] = MPI_UNDEFINED;
       }
     }
   }
 #endif
 
-  SharedMemoryTest();
+  //SharedMemoryTest();
 }
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // On node barrier

Grid/communicator/SharedMemoryNone.cc

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #include <Grid/GridCore.h>
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid); 
+#define header "SharedMemoryNone: "
 
 /*Construct from an MPI communicator*/
 void GlobalSharedMemory::Init(Grid_MPI_Comm comm)
@@ -47,14 +48,47 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::Init(Grid_MPI_Comm comm)
   _ShmSetup=1;
 }
 
-void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm)
+void GlobalSharedMemory::OptimalCommunicator(const Coordinate &processors,Grid_MPI_Comm & optimal_comm,Coordinate &SHM)
 {
   optimal_comm = WorldComm;
+  SHM = Coordinate(processors.size(),1);
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Hugetlbfs mapping intended, use anonymous mmap
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#if 1
+void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
+{
+  std::cout << header "SharedMemoryAllocate "<< bytes<< " GPU implementation "<<std::endl;
+  void * ShmCommBuf ; 
+  assert(_ShmSetup==1);
+  assert(_ShmAlloc==0);
+
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Each MPI rank should allocate our own buffer
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  ShmCommBuf = acceleratorAllocDevice(bytes);
+
+  if (ShmCommBuf == (void *)NULL ) {
+    std::cerr << " SharedMemoryNone.cc acceleratorAllocDevice failed NULL pointer for " << bytes<<" bytes " << std::endl;
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  
+  }
+  if ( WorldRank == 0 ){
+    std::cout << WorldRank << header " SharedMemoryNone.cc acceleratorAllocDevice "<< bytes 
+	      << "bytes at "<< std::hex<< ShmCommBuf <<std::dec<<" for comms buffers " <<std::endl;
+  }
+  SharedMemoryZero(ShmCommBuf,bytes);
+
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Loop over ranks/gpu's on our node
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  WorldShmCommBufs[0] = ShmCommBuf;
+
+  _ShmAllocBytes=bytes;
+  _ShmAlloc=1;
+}
+#else
 void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
 {
   void * ShmCommBuf ; 
@@ -83,7 +117,15 @@ void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryAllocate(uint64_t bytes, int flags)
   _ShmAllocBytes=bytes;
   _ShmAlloc=1;
 };
-
+#endif
+void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryZero(void *dest,size_t bytes)
+{
+  acceleratorMemSet(dest,0,bytes);
+}
+void GlobalSharedMemory::SharedMemoryCopy(void *dest,void *src,size_t bytes)
+{
+  acceleratorCopyToDevice(src,dest,bytes);
+}
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Global shared functionality finished
 // Now move to per communicator functionality

Grid/cshift/Cshift.h

@@ -52,23 +52,8 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
-template<typename Op, typename T1> 
-auto Cshift(const LatticeUnaryExpression<Op,T1> &expr,int dim,int shift)
-    -> Lattice<decltype(expr.op.func(eval(0, expr.arg1)))> 
-{
-  return Cshift(closure(expr),dim,shift);
-}
-template <class Op, class T1, class T2>
-auto Cshift(const LatticeBinaryExpression<Op,T1,T2> &expr,int dim,int shift)
-  -> Lattice<decltype(expr.op.func(eval(0, expr.arg1),eval(0, expr.arg2)))> 
-{
-  return Cshift(closure(expr),dim,shift);
-}
-template <class Op, class T1, class T2, class T3>
-auto Cshift(const LatticeTrinaryExpression<Op,T1,T2,T3> &expr,int dim,int shift)
-  -> Lattice<decltype(expr.op.func(eval(0, expr.arg1),
-				   eval(0, expr.arg2),
-				   eval(0, expr.arg3)))> 
+template<class Expression,typename std::enable_if<is_lattice_expr<Expression>::value,void>::type * = nullptr> 
+auto Cshift(const Expression &expr,int dim,int shift)  -> decltype(closure(expr)) 
 {
   return Cshift(closure(expr),dim,shift);
 }

Grid/cshift/Cshift_common.h

@@ -29,11 +29,13 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
+extern Vector<std::pair<int,int> > Cshift_table; 
+
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Gather for when there is no need to SIMD split 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 template<class vobj> void 
-Gather_plane_simple (const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,commVector<vobj> &buffer,int dimension,int plane,int cbmask, int off=0)
+Gather_plane_simple (const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,cshiftVector<vobj> &buffer,int dimension,int plane,int cbmask, int off=0)
 {
   int rd = rhs.Grid()->_rdimensions[dimension];
 
@@ -46,16 +48,16 @@ Gather_plane_simple (const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,commVector<vobj> &buffer,int dimen
   int e2=rhs.Grid()->_slice_block[dimension];
   int ent = 0;
 
-  static Vector<std::pair<int,int> > table; table.resize(e1*e2);
+  if(Cshift_table.size()<e1*e2) Cshift_table.resize(e1*e2); // Let it grow to biggest
+
   int stride=rhs.Grid()->_slice_stride[dimension];
 
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
   if ( cbmask == 0x3 ) { 
     for(int n=0;n<e1;n++){
       for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
 	int o  = n*stride;
 	int bo = n*e2;
-	table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(off+bo+b,so+o+b);
+	Cshift_table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(off+bo+b,so+o+b);
       }
     }
   } else { 
@@ -65,14 +67,26 @@ Gather_plane_simple (const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,commVector<vobj> &buffer,int dimen
 	 int o  = n*stride;
 	 int ocb=1<<rhs.Grid()->CheckerBoardFromOindex(o+b);
 	 if ( ocb &cbmask ) {
-	   table[ent++]=std::pair<int,int> (off+bo++,so+o+b);
+	   Cshift_table[ent++]=std::pair<int,int> (off+bo++,so+o+b);
 	 }
        }
      }
   }
-  thread_for(i,ent,{
-    buffer[table[i].first]=rhs_v[table[i].second];
-  });
+  {
+    auto buffer_p = & buffer[0];
+    auto table = &Cshift_table[0];
+#ifdef ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT    
+    autoView(rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
+    accelerator_for(i,ent,vobj::Nsimd(),{
+	coalescedWrite(buffer_p[table[i].first],coalescedRead(rhs_v[table[i].second]));
+    });
+#else
+    autoView(rhs_v , rhs, CpuRead);
+    thread_for(i,ent,{
+      buffer_p[table[i].first]=rhs_v[table[i].second];
+    });
+#endif
+  }
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -95,43 +109,80 @@ Gather_plane_extract(const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,
   int e2=rhs.Grid()->_slice_block[dimension];
   int n1=rhs.Grid()->_slice_stride[dimension];
 
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
   if ( cbmask ==0x3){
-    thread_for_collapse(2,n,e1,{
-      for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
-
+#ifdef ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT
+    autoView(rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
+    accelerator_for(nn,e1*e2,1,{
+	int n = nn%e1;
+	int b = nn/e1;
 	int o      =   n*n1;
 	int offset = b+n*e2;
 	
 	vobj temp =rhs_v[so+o+b];
 	extract<vobj>(temp,pointers,offset);
-      }
-    });
+      });
+#else
+    autoView(rhs_v , rhs, CpuRead);
+    thread_for2d(n,e1,b,e2,{
+	int o      =   n*n1;
+	int offset = b+n*e2;
+	
+	vobj temp =rhs_v[so+o+b];
+	extract<vobj>(temp,pointers,offset);
+      });
+#endif
   } else { 
+    Coordinate rdim=rhs.Grid()->_rdimensions;
+    Coordinate cdm =rhs.Grid()->_checker_dim_mask;
+    std::cout << " Dense packed buffer WARNING " <<std::endl; // Does this get called twice once for each cb?
+#ifdef ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT    
+    autoView(rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
+    accelerator_for(nn,e1*e2,1,{
+	int n = nn%e1;
+	int b = nn/e1;
 
-    // Case of SIMD split AND checker dim cannot currently be hit, except in 
-    // Test_cshift_red_black code.
-    std::cout << " Dense packed buffer WARNING " <<std::endl;
-    thread_for_collapse(2,n,e1,{
-      for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
+	Coordinate coor;
 
 	int o=n*n1;
-	int ocb=1<<rhs.Grid()->CheckerBoardFromOindex(o+b);
+	int oindex = o+b;
+
+       	int cb = RedBlackCheckerBoardFromOindex(oindex, rdim, cdm);
+
+	int ocb=1<<cb;
 	int offset = b+n*e2;
 
 	if ( ocb & cbmask ) {
 	  vobj temp =rhs_v[so+o+b];
 	  extract<vobj>(temp,pointers,offset);
 	}
-      }
-    });
+      });
+#else
+    autoView(rhs_v , rhs, CpuRead);
+    thread_for2d(n,e1,b,e2,{
+
+	Coordinate coor;
+
+	int o=n*n1;
+	int oindex = o+b;
+
+       	int cb = RedBlackCheckerBoardFromOindex(oindex, rdim, cdm);
+
+	int ocb=1<<cb;
+	int offset = b+n*e2;
+
+	if ( ocb & cbmask ) {
+	  vobj temp =rhs_v[so+o+b];
+	  extract<vobj>(temp,pointers,offset);
+	}
+      });
+#endif
   }
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Scatter for when there is no need to SIMD split
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-template<class vobj> void Scatter_plane_simple (Lattice<vobj> &rhs,commVector<vobj> &buffer, int dimension,int plane,int cbmask)
+template<class vobj> void Scatter_plane_simple (Lattice<vobj> &rhs,cshiftVector<vobj> &buffer, int dimension,int plane,int cbmask)
 {
   int rd = rhs.Grid()->_rdimensions[dimension];
 
@@ -145,7 +196,8 @@ template<class vobj> void Scatter_plane_simple (Lattice<vobj> &rhs,commVector<vo
   int e2=rhs.Grid()->_slice_block[dimension];
   int stride=rhs.Grid()->_slice_stride[dimension];
 
-  static std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > table; table.resize(e1*e2);
+  if(Cshift_table.size()<e1*e2) Cshift_table.resize(e1*e2); // Let it grow to biggest
+
   int ent    =0;
 
   if ( cbmask ==0x3 ) {
@@ -154,7 +206,7 @@ template<class vobj> void Scatter_plane_simple (Lattice<vobj> &rhs,commVector<vo
       for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
 	int o   =n*rhs.Grid()->_slice_stride[dimension];
 	int bo  =n*rhs.Grid()->_slice_block[dimension];
-	table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(so+o+b,bo+b);
+	Cshift_table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(so+o+b,bo+b);
       }
     }
 
@@ -165,16 +217,27 @@ template<class vobj> void Scatter_plane_simple (Lattice<vobj> &rhs,commVector<vo
 	int o   =n*rhs.Grid()->_slice_stride[dimension];
 	int ocb=1<<rhs.Grid()->CheckerBoardFromOindex(o+b);// Could easily be a table lookup
 	if ( ocb & cbmask ) {
-	  table[ent++]=std::pair<int,int> (so+o+b,bo++);
+	  Cshift_table[ent++]=std::pair<int,int> (so+o+b,bo++);
 	}
       }
     }
   }
   
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-  thread_for(i,ent,{
-    rhs_v[table[i].first]=buffer[table[i].second];
-  });
+  {
+    auto buffer_p = & buffer[0];
+    auto table = &Cshift_table[0];
+#ifdef ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT    
+    autoView( rhs_v, rhs, AcceleratorWrite);
+    accelerator_for(i,ent,vobj::Nsimd(),{
+	coalescedWrite(rhs_v[table[i].first],coalescedRead(buffer_p[table[i].second]));
+    });
+#else
+    autoView( rhs_v, rhs, CpuWrite);
+    thread_for(i,ent,{
+      rhs_v[table[i].first]=buffer_p[table[i].second];
+    });
+#endif
+  }
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -194,21 +257,33 @@ template<class vobj> void Scatter_plane_merge(Lattice<vobj> &rhs,ExtractPointerA
   int e2=rhs.Grid()->_slice_block[dimension];
 
   if(cbmask ==0x3 ) {
-    auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-    thread_for_collapse(2,n,e1,{
-      for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
-	int o      = n*rhs.Grid()->_slice_stride[dimension];
-	int offset = b+n*rhs.Grid()->_slice_block[dimension];
+    int _slice_stride = rhs.Grid()->_slice_stride[dimension];
+    int _slice_block = rhs.Grid()->_slice_block[dimension];
+#ifdef ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT    
+    autoView( rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorWrite);
+    accelerator_for(nn,e1*e2,1,{
+	int n = nn%e1;
+	int b = nn/e1;
+	int o      = n*_slice_stride;
+	int offset = b+n*_slice_block;
+	merge(rhs_v[so+o+b],pointers,offset);
+      });
+#else
+    autoView( rhs_v , rhs, CpuWrite);
+    thread_for2d(n,e1,b,e2,{
+	int o      = n*_slice_stride;
+	int offset = b+n*_slice_block;
 	merge(rhs_v[so+o+b],pointers,offset);
-      }
     });
+#endif
   } else { 
 
     // Case of SIMD split AND checker dim cannot currently be hit, except in 
     // Test_cshift_red_black code.
-    //    std::cout << "Scatter_plane merge assert(0); think this is buggy FIXME "<< std::endl;// think this is buggy FIXME
+    std::cout << "Scatter_plane merge assert(0); think this is buggy FIXME "<< std::endl;// think this is buggy FIXME
     std::cout<<" Unthreaded warning -- buffer is not densely packed ??"<<std::endl;
-    auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
+    assert(0); // This will fail if hit on GPU
+    autoView( rhs_v, rhs, CpuWrite);
     for(int n=0;n<e1;n++){
       for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
 	int o      = n*rhs.Grid()->_slice_stride[dimension];
@@ -222,9 +297,34 @@ template<class vobj> void Scatter_plane_merge(Lattice<vobj> &rhs,ExtractPointerA
   }
 }
 
+#if (defined(GRID_CUDA) || defined(GRID_HIP)) && defined(ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT)
+
+template <typename T>
+T iDivUp(T a, T b) // Round a / b to nearest higher integer value
+{ return (a % b != 0) ? (a / b + 1) : (a / b); }
+
+template <typename T>
+__global__ void populate_Cshift_table(T* vector, T lo, T ro, T e1, T e2, T stride)
+{
+    int idx = blockIdx.x*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    if (idx >= e1*e2) return;
+
+    int n, b, o;
+
+    n = idx / e2;
+    b = idx % e2;
+    o = n*stride + b;
+
+    vector[2*idx + 0] = lo + o;
+    vector[2*idx + 1] = ro + o;
+}
+
+#endif
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // local to node block strided copies
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
 template<class vobj> void Copy_plane(Lattice<vobj>& lhs,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs, int dimension,int lplane,int rplane,int cbmask)
 {
   int rd = rhs.Grid()->_rdimensions[dimension];
@@ -239,39 +339,58 @@ template<class vobj> void Copy_plane(Lattice<vobj>& lhs,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs
   int e1=rhs.Grid()->_slice_nblock[dimension]; // clearly loop invariant for icpc
   int e2=rhs.Grid()->_slice_block[dimension];
   int stride = rhs.Grid()->_slice_stride[dimension];
-  static std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > table; table.resize(e1*e2);
+
+  if(Cshift_table.size()<e1*e2) Cshift_table.resize(e1*e2); // Let it grow to biggest
+
   int ent=0;
 
   if(cbmask == 0x3 ){
+#if (defined(GRID_CUDA) || defined(GRID_HIP)) && defined(ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT)
+    ent = e1*e2;
+    dim3 blockSize(acceleratorThreads());
+    dim3 gridSize(iDivUp((unsigned int)ent, blockSize.x));
+    populate_Cshift_table<<<gridSize, blockSize>>>(&Cshift_table[0].first, lo, ro, e1, e2, stride);
+    accelerator_barrier();
+#else
     for(int n=0;n<e1;n++){
       for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
         int o =n*stride+b;
-	table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(lo+o,ro+o);
+	Cshift_table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(lo+o,ro+o);
       }
     }
+#endif
   } else { 
     for(int n=0;n<e1;n++){
       for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
         int o =n*stride+b;
         int ocb=1<<lhs.Grid()->CheckerBoardFromOindex(o);
         if ( ocb&cbmask ) {
-	  table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(lo+o,ro+o);
+	  Cshift_table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(lo+o,ro+o);
 	}
       }
     }
   }
 
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  thread_for(i,ent,{
-    lhs_v[table[i].first]=rhs_v[table[i].second];
-  });
-
+  {
+    auto table = &Cshift_table[0];
+#ifdef ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT    
+    autoView(rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
+    autoView(lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorWrite);
+    accelerator_for(i,ent,vobj::Nsimd(),{
+      coalescedWrite(lhs_v[table[i].first],coalescedRead(rhs_v[table[i].second]));
+    });
+#else
+    autoView(rhs_v , rhs, CpuRead);
+    autoView(lhs_v , lhs, CpuWrite);
+    thread_for(i,ent,{
+      lhs_v[table[i].first]=rhs_v[table[i].second];
+    });
+#endif
+  }
 }
 
 template<class vobj> void Copy_plane_permute(Lattice<vobj>& lhs,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs, int dimension,int lplane,int rplane,int cbmask,int permute_type)
 {
- 
   int rd = rhs.Grid()->_rdimensions[dimension];
 
   if ( !rhs.Grid()->CheckerBoarded(dimension) ) {
@@ -285,29 +404,49 @@ template<class vobj> void Copy_plane_permute(Lattice<vobj>& lhs,const Lattice<vo
   int e2=rhs.Grid()->_slice_block [dimension];
   int stride = rhs.Grid()->_slice_stride[dimension];
 
-  static std::vector<std::pair<int,int> > table;  table.resize(e1*e2);
+  if(Cshift_table.size()<e1*e2) Cshift_table.resize(e1*e2); // Let it grow to biggest
+
   int ent=0;
 
   if ( cbmask == 0x3 ) {
+#if (defined(GRID_CUDA) || defined(GRID_HIP)) && defined(ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT)
+    ent = e1*e2;
+    dim3 blockSize(acceleratorThreads());
+    dim3 gridSize(iDivUp((unsigned int)ent, blockSize.x));
+    populate_Cshift_table<<<gridSize, blockSize>>>(&Cshift_table[0].first, lo, ro, e1, e2, stride);
+    accelerator_barrier();
+#else
     for(int n=0;n<e1;n++){
     for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
       int o  =n*stride;
-      table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(lo+o+b,ro+o+b);
+      Cshift_table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(lo+o+b,ro+o+b);
     }}
+#endif
   } else {
     for(int n=0;n<e1;n++){
     for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
       int o  =n*stride;
       int ocb=1<<lhs.Grid()->CheckerBoardFromOindex(o+b);
-      if ( ocb&cbmask ) table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(lo+o+b,ro+o+b);
+      if ( ocb&cbmask ) Cshift_table[ent++] = std::pair<int,int>(lo+o+b,ro+o+b);
     }}
   }
 
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  thread_for(i,ent,{
-    permute(lhs_v[table[i].first],rhs_v[table[i].second],permute_type);
-  });
+  {
+    auto table = &Cshift_table[0];
+#ifdef ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT    
+    autoView( rhs_v, rhs, AcceleratorRead);
+    autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorWrite);
+    accelerator_for(i,ent,1,{
+      permute(lhs_v[table[i].first],rhs_v[table[i].second],permute_type);
+    });
+#else
+    autoView( rhs_v, rhs, CpuRead);
+    autoView( lhs_v, lhs, CpuWrite);
+    thread_for(i,ent,{
+      permute(lhs_v[table[i].first],rhs_v[table[i].second],permute_type);
+    });
+#endif
+  }
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Grid/cshift/Cshift_mpi.h

@@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ template<class vobj> void Cshift_comms_simd(Lattice<vobj>& ret,const Lattice<vob
     Cshift_comms_simd(ret,rhs,dimension,shift,0x2);// both with block stride loop iteration
   }
 }
-
+#define ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT_NO_COPY
+#ifdef ACCELERATOR_CSHIFT_NO_COPY
 template<class vobj> void Cshift_comms(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,int dimension,int shift,int cbmask)
 {
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
@@ -121,9 +122,9 @@ template<class vobj> void Cshift_comms(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<vobj> &r
   assert(shift<fd);
   
   int buffer_size = rhs.Grid()->_slice_nblock[dimension]*rhs.Grid()->_slice_block[dimension];
-  commVector<vobj> send_buf(buffer_size);
-  commVector<vobj> recv_buf(buffer_size);
-
+  static cshiftVector<vobj> send_buf; send_buf.resize(buffer_size);
+  static cshiftVector<vobj> recv_buf; recv_buf.resize(buffer_size);
+    
   int cb= (cbmask==0x2)? Odd : Even;
   int sshift= rhs.Grid()->CheckerBoardShiftForCB(rhs.Checkerboard(),dimension,shift,cb);
 
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ template<class vobj> void Cshift_comms(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<vobj> &r
 
     } else {
 
-      int words = send_buf.size();
+      int words = buffer_size;
       if (cbmask != 0x3) words=words>>1;
 
       int bytes = words * sizeof(vobj);
@@ -150,12 +151,14 @@ template<class vobj> void Cshift_comms(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<vobj> &r
       int xmit_to_rank;
       grid->ShiftedRanks(dimension,comm_proc,xmit_to_rank,recv_from_rank);
 
+      grid->Barrier();
 
       grid->SendToRecvFrom((void *)&send_buf[0],
 			   xmit_to_rank,
 			   (void *)&recv_buf[0],
 			   recv_from_rank,
 			   bytes);
+
       grid->Barrier();
 
       Scatter_plane_simple (ret,recv_buf,dimension,x,cbmask);
@@ -195,8 +198,15 @@ template<class vobj> void  Cshift_comms_simd(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<vo
   int buffer_size = grid->_slice_nblock[dimension]*grid->_slice_block[dimension];
   //  int words = sizeof(vobj)/sizeof(vector_type);
 
-  std::vector<commVector<scalar_object> >   send_buf_extract(Nsimd,commVector<scalar_object>(buffer_size) );
-  std::vector<commVector<scalar_object> >   recv_buf_extract(Nsimd,commVector<scalar_object>(buffer_size) );
+  static std::vector<cshiftVector<scalar_object> >  send_buf_extract; send_buf_extract.resize(Nsimd);
+  static std::vector<cshiftVector<scalar_object> >  recv_buf_extract; recv_buf_extract.resize(Nsimd);
+  scalar_object *  recv_buf_extract_mpi;
+  scalar_object *  send_buf_extract_mpi;
+ 
+  for(int s=0;s<Nsimd;s++){
+    send_buf_extract[s].resize(buffer_size);
+    recv_buf_extract[s].resize(buffer_size);
+  }
 
   int bytes = buffer_size*sizeof(scalar_object);
 
@@ -242,11 +252,204 @@ template<class vobj> void  Cshift_comms_simd(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<vo
       if(nbr_proc){
 	grid->ShiftedRanks(dimension,nbr_proc,xmit_to_rank,recv_from_rank); 
 
-	grid->SendToRecvFrom((void *)&send_buf_extract[nbr_lane][0],
+	grid->Barrier();
+
+	send_buf_extract_mpi = &send_buf_extract[nbr_lane][0];
+	recv_buf_extract_mpi = &recv_buf_extract[i][0];
+	grid->SendToRecvFrom((void *)send_buf_extract_mpi,
 			     xmit_to_rank,
-			     (void *)&recv_buf_extract[i][0],
+			     (void *)recv_buf_extract_mpi,
 			     recv_from_rank,
 			     bytes);
+
+	grid->Barrier();
+
+	rpointers[i] = &recv_buf_extract[i][0];
+      } else { 
+	rpointers[i] = &send_buf_extract[nbr_lane][0];
+      }
+
+    }
+    Scatter_plane_merge(ret,rpointers,dimension,x,cbmask);
+  }
+
+}
+#else 
+template<class vobj> void Cshift_comms(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,int dimension,int shift,int cbmask)
+{
+  typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
+
+  GridBase *grid=rhs.Grid();
+  Lattice<vobj> temp(rhs.Grid());
+
+  int fd              = rhs.Grid()->_fdimensions[dimension];
+  int rd              = rhs.Grid()->_rdimensions[dimension];
+  int pd              = rhs.Grid()->_processors[dimension];
+  int simd_layout     = rhs.Grid()->_simd_layout[dimension];
+  int comm_dim        = rhs.Grid()->_processors[dimension] >1 ;
+  assert(simd_layout==1);
+  assert(comm_dim==1);
+  assert(shift>=0);
+  assert(shift<fd);
+  
+  int buffer_size = rhs.Grid()->_slice_nblock[dimension]*rhs.Grid()->_slice_block[dimension];
+  static cshiftVector<vobj> send_buf_v; send_buf_v.resize(buffer_size);
+  static cshiftVector<vobj> recv_buf_v; recv_buf_v.resize(buffer_size);
+  vobj *send_buf;
+  vobj *recv_buf;
+  {
+    grid->ShmBufferFreeAll();
+    size_t bytes = buffer_size*sizeof(vobj);
+    send_buf=(vobj *)grid->ShmBufferMalloc(bytes);
+    recv_buf=(vobj *)grid->ShmBufferMalloc(bytes);
+  }
+    
+  int cb= (cbmask==0x2)? Odd : Even;
+  int sshift= rhs.Grid()->CheckerBoardShiftForCB(rhs.Checkerboard(),dimension,shift,cb);
+
+  for(int x=0;x<rd;x++){       
+
+    int sx        =  (x+sshift)%rd;
+    int comm_proc = ((x+sshift)/rd)%pd;
+    
+    if (comm_proc==0) {
+
+      Copy_plane(ret,rhs,dimension,x,sx,cbmask); 
+
+    } else {
+
+      int words = buffer_size;
+      if (cbmask != 0x3) words=words>>1;
+
+      int bytes = words * sizeof(vobj);
+
+      Gather_plane_simple (rhs,send_buf_v,dimension,sx,cbmask);
+
+      //      int rank           = grid->_processor;
+      int recv_from_rank;
+      int xmit_to_rank;
+      grid->ShiftedRanks(dimension,comm_proc,xmit_to_rank,recv_from_rank);
+
+
+      grid->Barrier();
+
+      acceleratorCopyDeviceToDevice((void *)&send_buf_v[0],(void *)&send_buf[0],bytes);
+      grid->SendToRecvFrom((void *)&send_buf[0],
+			   xmit_to_rank,
+			   (void *)&recv_buf[0],
+			   recv_from_rank,
+			   bytes);
+      acceleratorCopyDeviceToDevice((void *)&recv_buf[0],(void *)&recv_buf_v[0],bytes);
+
+      grid->Barrier();
+
+      Scatter_plane_simple (ret,recv_buf_v,dimension,x,cbmask);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template<class vobj> void  Cshift_comms_simd(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,int dimension,int shift,int cbmask)
+{
+  GridBase *grid=rhs.Grid();
+  const int Nsimd = grid->Nsimd();
+  typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_object scalar_object;
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
+   
+  int fd = grid->_fdimensions[dimension];
+  int rd = grid->_rdimensions[dimension];
+  int ld = grid->_ldimensions[dimension];
+  int pd = grid->_processors[dimension];
+  int simd_layout     = grid->_simd_layout[dimension];
+  int comm_dim        = grid->_processors[dimension] >1 ;
+
+  //std::cout << "Cshift_comms_simd dim "<< dimension << " fd "<<fd<<" rd "<<rd
+  //    << " ld "<<ld<<" pd " << pd<<" simd_layout "<<simd_layout 
+  //    << " comm_dim " << comm_dim << " cbmask " << cbmask <<std::endl;
+
+  assert(comm_dim==1);
+  assert(simd_layout==2);
+  assert(shift>=0);
+  assert(shift<fd);
+
+  int permute_type=grid->PermuteType(dimension);
+
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Simd direction uses an extract/merge pair
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////
+  int buffer_size = grid->_slice_nblock[dimension]*grid->_slice_block[dimension];
+  //  int words = sizeof(vobj)/sizeof(vector_type);
+
+  static std::vector<cshiftVector<scalar_object> >  send_buf_extract; send_buf_extract.resize(Nsimd);
+  static std::vector<cshiftVector<scalar_object> >  recv_buf_extract; recv_buf_extract.resize(Nsimd);
+  scalar_object *  recv_buf_extract_mpi;
+  scalar_object *  send_buf_extract_mpi;
+  {
+    size_t bytes = sizeof(scalar_object)*buffer_size;
+    grid->ShmBufferFreeAll();
+    send_buf_extract_mpi = (scalar_object *)grid->ShmBufferMalloc(bytes);
+    recv_buf_extract_mpi = (scalar_object *)grid->ShmBufferMalloc(bytes);
+  }
+  for(int s=0;s<Nsimd;s++){
+    send_buf_extract[s].resize(buffer_size);
+    recv_buf_extract[s].resize(buffer_size);
+  }
+
+  int bytes = buffer_size*sizeof(scalar_object);
+
+  ExtractPointerArray<scalar_object>  pointers(Nsimd); // 
+  ExtractPointerArray<scalar_object> rpointers(Nsimd); // received pointers
+
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Work out what to send where
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////
+  int cb    = (cbmask==0x2)? Odd : Even;
+  int sshift= grid->CheckerBoardShiftForCB(rhs.Checkerboard(),dimension,shift,cb);
+
+  // loop over outer coord planes orthog to dim
+  for(int x=0;x<rd;x++){       
+
+    // FIXME call local permute copy if none are offnode.
+    for(int i=0;i<Nsimd;i++){       
+      pointers[i] = &send_buf_extract[i][0];
+    }
+    int sx   = (x+sshift)%rd;
+    Gather_plane_extract(rhs,pointers,dimension,sx,cbmask);
+
+    for(int i=0;i<Nsimd;i++){
+      
+      int inner_bit = (Nsimd>>(permute_type+1));
+      int ic= (i&inner_bit)? 1:0;
+
+      int my_coor          = rd*ic + x;
+      int nbr_coor         = my_coor+sshift;
+      int nbr_proc = ((nbr_coor)/ld) % pd;// relative shift in processors
+
+      int nbr_ic   = (nbr_coor%ld)/rd;    // inner coord of peer
+      int nbr_ox   = (nbr_coor%rd);       // outer coord of peer
+      int nbr_lane = (i&(~inner_bit));
+
+      int recv_from_rank;
+      int xmit_to_rank;
+
+      if (nbr_ic) nbr_lane|=inner_bit;
+
+      assert (sx == nbr_ox);
+
+      if(nbr_proc){
+	grid->ShiftedRanks(dimension,nbr_proc,xmit_to_rank,recv_from_rank); 
+
+	grid->Barrier();
+
+	acceleratorCopyDeviceToDevice((void *)&send_buf_extract[nbr_lane][0],(void *)send_buf_extract_mpi,bytes);
+	grid->SendToRecvFrom((void *)send_buf_extract_mpi,
+			     xmit_to_rank,
+			     (void *)recv_buf_extract_mpi,
+			     recv_from_rank,
+			     bytes);
+	acceleratorCopyDeviceToDevice((void *)recv_buf_extract_mpi,(void *)&recv_buf_extract[i][0],bytes);
+
 	grid->Barrier();
 	rpointers[i] = &recv_buf_extract[i][0];
       } else { 
@@ -258,7 +461,7 @@ template<class vobj> void  Cshift_comms_simd(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<vo
   }
 
 }
-
+#endif
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid); 
 
 #endif

Grid/cshift/Cshift_table.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include <Grid/GridCore.h>       
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+Vector<std::pair<int,int> > Cshift_table; 
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/lattice/Lattice.h

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
     *************************************************************************************/
     /*  END LEGAL */
 #pragma once
+#include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_view.h>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_base.h>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_conformable.h>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_ET.h>
@@ -35,7 +36,8 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_local.h>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_reduction.h>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_peekpoke.h>
-//#include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_reality.h>
+#include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_reality.h>
+#include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_real_imag.h>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_comparison_utils.h>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_comparison.h>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_coordinate.h>
@@ -44,3 +46,4 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_unary.h>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_transfer.h>
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_basis.h>
+#include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_crc.h>

Grid/lattice/Lattice_ET.h

@@ -42,13 +42,28 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Predicated where support
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#ifdef GRID_SIMT
+// drop to scalar in SIMT; cleaner in fact
 template <class iobj, class vobj, class robj>
-accelerator_inline vobj predicatedWhere(const iobj &predicate, const vobj &iftrue,
-                            const robj &iffalse) {
+accelerator_inline vobj predicatedWhere(const iobj &predicate, 
+					const vobj &iftrue, 
+					const robj &iffalse) 
+{
+  Integer mask = TensorRemove(predicate);
+  typename std::remove_const<vobj>::type ret= iffalse;
+  if (mask) ret=iftrue;
+  return ret;
+}
+#else
+template <class iobj, class vobj, class robj>
+accelerator_inline vobj predicatedWhere(const iobj &predicate, 
+					const vobj &iftrue, 
+					const robj &iffalse) 
+{
   typename std::remove_const<vobj>::type ret;
 
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object scalar_object;
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
+  //  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
 
   const int Nsimd = vobj::vector_type::Nsimd();
@@ -68,6 +83,7 @@ accelerator_inline vobj predicatedWhere(const iobj &predicate, const vobj &iftru
   merge(ret, falsevals);
   return ret;
 }
+#endif
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //Specialization of getVectorType for lattices
@@ -81,26 +97,62 @@ struct getVectorType<Lattice<T> >{
 //--  recursive evaluation of expressions; --
 // handle leaves of syntax tree
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-template<class sobj> accelerator_inline 
+template<class sobj,
+  typename std::enable_if<!is_lattice<sobj>::value&&!is_lattice_expr<sobj>::value,sobj>::type * = nullptr> 
+accelerator_inline 
 sobj eval(const uint64_t ss, const sobj &arg)
 {
   return arg;
 }
-
 template <class lobj> accelerator_inline 
-const lobj & eval(const uint64_t ss, const LatticeView<lobj> &arg) 
+auto eval(const uint64_t ss, const LatticeView<lobj> &arg) -> decltype(arg(ss))
 {
-  return arg[ss];
+  return arg(ss);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////
+//--  recursive evaluation of expressions; --
+// whole vector return, used only for expression return type inference
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<class sobj> accelerator_inline 
+sobj vecEval(const uint64_t ss, const sobj &arg)
+{
+  return arg;
 }
 template <class lobj> accelerator_inline 
-const lobj & eval(const uint64_t ss, const Lattice<lobj> &arg) 
+const lobj & vecEval(const uint64_t ss, const LatticeView<lobj> &arg) 
 {
-  auto view = arg.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  return view[ss];
+  return arg[ss];
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // handle nodes in syntax tree- eval one operand
+// vecEval needed (but never called as all expressions offloaded) to infer the return type
+// in SIMT contexts of closure.
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template <typename Op, typename T1> accelerator_inline 
+auto vecEval(const uint64_t ss, const LatticeUnaryExpression<Op, T1> &expr)  
+  -> decltype(expr.op.func( vecEval(ss, expr.arg1)))
+{
+  return expr.op.func( vecEval(ss, expr.arg1) );
+}
+// vecEval two operands
+template <typename Op, typename T1, typename T2> accelerator_inline
+auto vecEval(const uint64_t ss, const LatticeBinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2> &expr)  
+  -> decltype(expr.op.func( vecEval(ss,expr.arg1),vecEval(ss,expr.arg2)))
+{
+  return expr.op.func( vecEval(ss,expr.arg1), vecEval(ss,expr.arg2) );
+}
+// vecEval three operands
+template <typename Op, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3> accelerator_inline
+auto vecEval(const uint64_t ss, const LatticeTrinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2, T3> &expr)  
+  -> decltype(expr.op.func(vecEval(ss, expr.arg1), vecEval(ss, expr.arg2), vecEval(ss, expr.arg3)))
+{
+  return expr.op.func(vecEval(ss, expr.arg1), vecEval(ss, expr.arg2), vecEval(ss, expr.arg3));
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// handle nodes in syntax tree- eval one operand coalesced
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
 template <typename Op, typename T1> accelerator_inline 
 auto eval(const uint64_t ss, const LatticeUnaryExpression<Op, T1> &expr)  
@@ -108,23 +160,41 @@ auto eval(const uint64_t ss, const LatticeUnaryExpression<Op, T1> &expr)
 {
   return expr.op.func( eval(ss, expr.arg1) );
 }
-///////////////////////
 // eval two operands
-///////////////////////
 template <typename Op, typename T1, typename T2> accelerator_inline
 auto eval(const uint64_t ss, const LatticeBinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2> &expr)  
   -> decltype(expr.op.func( eval(ss,expr.arg1),eval(ss,expr.arg2)))
 {
   return expr.op.func( eval(ss,expr.arg1), eval(ss,expr.arg2) );
 }
-///////////////////////
 // eval three operands
-///////////////////////
 template <typename Op, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3> accelerator_inline
 auto eval(const uint64_t ss, const LatticeTrinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2, T3> &expr)  
-  -> decltype(expr.op.func(eval(ss, expr.arg1), eval(ss, expr.arg2), eval(ss, expr.arg3)))
+  -> decltype(expr.op.func(eval(ss, expr.arg1), 
+			   eval(ss, expr.arg2), 
+			   eval(ss, expr.arg3)))
 {
-  return expr.op.func(eval(ss, expr.arg1), eval(ss, expr.arg2), eval(ss, expr.arg3));
+#ifdef GRID_SIMT
+  // Handles Nsimd (vInteger) != Nsimd(ComplexD)
+  typedef decltype(vecEval(ss, expr.arg2)) rvobj;
+  typedef typename std::remove_reference<rvobj>::type vobj;
+
+  const int Nsimd = vobj::vector_type::Nsimd();
+
+  auto vpred = vecEval(ss,expr.arg1);
+
+  ExtractBuffer<Integer> mask(Nsimd);
+  extract<vInteger, Integer>(TensorRemove(vpred), mask);
+
+  int s = acceleratorSIMTlane(Nsimd);
+  return expr.op.func(mask[s],
+		      eval(ss, expr.arg2), 
+		      eval(ss, expr.arg3));
+#else
+  return expr.op.func(eval(ss, expr.arg1),
+		      eval(ss, expr.arg2), 
+		      eval(ss, expr.arg3));
+#endif
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -180,16 +250,12 @@ inline void CBFromExpression(int &cb, const T1 &lat)  // Lattice leaf
   cb = lat.Checkerboard();
 }
 template <class T1,typename std::enable_if<!is_lattice<T1>::value, T1>::type * = nullptr>
-inline void CBFromExpression(int &cb, const T1 &notlat)  // non-lattice leaf
-{
-}
-
+inline void CBFromExpression(int &cb, const T1 &notlat) {} // non-lattice leaf
 template <typename Op, typename T1> inline 
 void CBFromExpression(int &cb,const LatticeUnaryExpression<Op, T1> &expr) 
 {
   CBFromExpression(cb, expr.arg1);  // recurse AST
 }
-
 template <typename Op, typename T1, typename T2> inline 
 void CBFromExpression(int &cb,const LatticeBinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2> &expr) 
 {
@@ -204,32 +270,86 @@ inline void CBFromExpression(int &cb, const LatticeTrinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2,
   CBFromExpression(cb, expr.arg3);  // recurse AST
 }
 
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ViewOpen
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template <class T1,typename std::enable_if<is_lattice<T1>::value, T1>::type * = nullptr>
+inline void ExpressionViewOpen(T1 &lat)  // Lattice leaf
+{
+  lat.ViewOpen(AcceleratorRead);
+}
+template <class T1,typename std::enable_if<!is_lattice<T1>::value, T1>::type * = nullptr>
+  inline void ExpressionViewOpen(T1 &notlat) {}
+
+template <typename Op, typename T1> inline 
+void ExpressionViewOpen(LatticeUnaryExpression<Op, T1> &expr) 
+{  
+  ExpressionViewOpen(expr.arg1); // recurse AST
+}
+
+template <typename Op, typename T1, typename T2> inline 
+void ExpressionViewOpen(LatticeBinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2> &expr) 
+{
+  ExpressionViewOpen(expr.arg1);  // recurse AST
+  ExpressionViewOpen(expr.arg2);  // rrecurse AST
+}
+template <typename Op, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+inline void ExpressionViewOpen(LatticeTrinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2, T3> &expr) 
+{
+  ExpressionViewOpen(expr.arg1);  // recurse AST
+  ExpressionViewOpen(expr.arg2);  // recurse AST
+  ExpressionViewOpen(expr.arg3);  // recurse AST
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ViewClose
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template <class T1,typename std::enable_if<is_lattice<T1>::value, T1>::type * = nullptr>
+inline void ExpressionViewClose( T1 &lat)  // Lattice leaf
+{
+  lat.ViewClose();
+}
+template <class T1,typename std::enable_if<!is_lattice<T1>::value, T1>::type * = nullptr>
+inline void ExpressionViewClose(T1 &notlat) {}
+
+template <typename Op, typename T1> inline 
+void ExpressionViewClose(LatticeUnaryExpression<Op, T1> &expr) 
+{  
+  ExpressionViewClose(expr.arg1); // recurse AST
+}
+template <typename Op, typename T1, typename T2> inline 
+void ExpressionViewClose(LatticeBinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2> &expr) 
+{
+  ExpressionViewClose(expr.arg1);  // recurse AST
+  ExpressionViewClose(expr.arg2);  // recurse AST
+}
+template <typename Op, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+inline void ExpressionViewClose(LatticeTrinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2, T3> &expr) 
+{
+  ExpressionViewClose(expr.arg1);  // recurse AST
+  ExpressionViewClose(expr.arg2);  // recurse AST
+  ExpressionViewClose(expr.arg3);  // recurse AST
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Unary operators and funcs
 ////////////////////////////////////////////
 #define GridUnopClass(name, ret)					\
-  template <class arg>							\
   struct name {								\
-    static auto accelerator_inline func(const arg a) -> decltype(ret) { return ret; } \
+    template<class _arg> static auto accelerator_inline func(const _arg a) -> decltype(ret) { return ret; } \
   };
 
 GridUnopClass(UnarySub, -a);
 GridUnopClass(UnaryNot, Not(a));
-GridUnopClass(UnaryAdj, adj(a));
-GridUnopClass(UnaryConj, conjugate(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnaryTrace, trace(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnaryTranspose, transpose(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnaryTa, Ta(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnaryProjectOnGroup, ProjectOnGroup(a));
-GridUnopClass(UnaryReal, real(a));
-GridUnopClass(UnaryImag, imag(a));
-GridUnopClass(UnaryToReal, toReal(a));
-GridUnopClass(UnaryToComplex, toComplex(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnaryTimesI, timesI(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnaryTimesMinusI, timesMinusI(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnaryAbs, abs(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnarySqrt, sqrt(a));
-GridUnopClass(UnaryRsqrt, rsqrt(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnarySin, sin(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnaryCos, cos(a));
 GridUnopClass(UnaryAsin, asin(a));
@@ -241,10 +361,10 @@ GridUnopClass(UnaryExp, exp(a));
 // Binary operators
 ////////////////////////////////////////////
 #define GridBinOpClass(name, combination)			\
-  template <class left, class right>				\
   struct name {							\
+    template <class _left, class _right>			\
     static auto accelerator_inline				\
-    func(const left &lhs, const right &rhs)			\
+    func(const _left &lhs, const _right &rhs)			\
       -> decltype(combination) const				\
     {								\
       return combination;					\
@@ -264,10 +384,10 @@ GridBinOpClass(BinaryOrOr, lhs || rhs);
 // Trinary conditional op
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 #define GridTrinOpClass(name, combination)				\
-  template <class predicate, class left, class right>			\
   struct name {								\
+    template <class _predicate,class _left, class _right>		\
     static auto accelerator_inline					\
-    func(const predicate &pred, const left &lhs, const right &rhs)	\
+    func(const _predicate &pred, const _left &lhs, const _right &rhs)	\
       -> decltype(combination) const					\
     {									\
       return combination;						\
@@ -275,17 +395,17 @@ GridBinOpClass(BinaryOrOr, lhs || rhs);
   };
 
 GridTrinOpClass(TrinaryWhere,
-		(predicatedWhere<predicate, 
-		 typename std::remove_reference<left>::type,
-		 typename std::remove_reference<right>::type>(pred, lhs,rhs)));
+		(predicatedWhere<
+		 typename std::remove_reference<_predicate>::type, 
+		 typename std::remove_reference<_left>::type,
+		 typename std::remove_reference<_right>::type>(pred, lhs,rhs)));
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Operator syntactical glue
 ////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-#define GRID_UNOP(name)   name<decltype(eval(0, arg))>
-#define GRID_BINOP(name)  name<decltype(eval(0, lhs)), decltype(eval(0, rhs))>
-#define GRID_TRINOP(name) name<decltype(eval(0, pred)), decltype(eval(0, lhs)), decltype(eval(0, rhs))>
+#define GRID_UNOP(name)   name
+#define GRID_BINOP(name)  name
+#define GRID_TRINOP(name) name
 
 #define GRID_DEF_UNOP(op, name)						\
   template <typename T1, typename std::enable_if<is_lattice<T1>::value||is_lattice_expr<T1>::value,T1>::type * = nullptr> \
@@ -331,22 +451,17 @@ GridTrinOpClass(TrinaryWhere,
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(operator-, UnarySub);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(Not, UnaryNot);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(operator!, UnaryNot);
-GRID_DEF_UNOP(adj, UnaryAdj);
-GRID_DEF_UNOP(conjugate, UnaryConj);
+//GRID_DEF_UNOP(adj, UnaryAdj);
+//GRID_DEF_UNOP(conjugate, UnaryConj);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(trace, UnaryTrace);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(transpose, UnaryTranspose);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(Ta, UnaryTa);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(ProjectOnGroup, UnaryProjectOnGroup);
-GRID_DEF_UNOP(real, UnaryReal);
-GRID_DEF_UNOP(imag, UnaryImag);
-GRID_DEF_UNOP(toReal, UnaryToReal);
-GRID_DEF_UNOP(toComplex, UnaryToComplex);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(timesI, UnaryTimesI);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(timesMinusI, UnaryTimesMinusI);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(abs, UnaryAbs);  // abs overloaded in cmath C++98; DON'T do the
                                // abs-fabs-dabs-labs thing
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(sqrt, UnarySqrt);
-GRID_DEF_UNOP(rsqrt, UnaryRsqrt);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(sin, UnarySin);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(cos, UnaryCos);
 GRID_DEF_UNOP(asin, UnaryAsin);
@@ -371,29 +486,36 @@ GRID_DEF_TRINOP(where, TrinaryWhere);
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 template <class Op, class T1>
 auto closure(const LatticeUnaryExpression<Op, T1> &expr)
-  -> Lattice<decltype(expr.op.func(eval(0, expr.arg1)))> 
+  -> Lattice<typename std::remove_const<decltype(expr.op.func(vecEval(0, expr.arg1)))>::type > 
 {
-  Lattice<decltype(expr.op.func(eval(0, expr.arg1)))> ret(expr);
+  Lattice<typename std::remove_const<decltype(expr.op.func(vecEval(0, expr.arg1)))>::type > ret(expr);
   return ret;
 }
 template <class Op, class T1, class T2>
 auto closure(const LatticeBinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2> &expr)
-  -> Lattice<decltype(expr.op.func(eval(0, expr.arg1),eval(0, expr.arg2)))> 
+  -> Lattice<typename std::remove_const<decltype(expr.op.func(vecEval(0, expr.arg1),vecEval(0, expr.arg2)))>::type >
 {
-  Lattice<decltype(expr.op.func(eval(0, expr.arg1),eval(0, expr.arg2)))> ret(expr);
+  Lattice<typename std::remove_const<decltype(expr.op.func(vecEval(0, expr.arg1),vecEval(0, expr.arg2)))>::type > ret(expr);
   return ret;
 }
 template <class Op, class T1, class T2, class T3>
 auto closure(const LatticeTrinaryExpression<Op, T1, T2, T3> &expr)
-  -> Lattice<decltype(expr.op.func(eval(0, expr.arg1),
-				   eval(0, expr.arg2),
-				   eval(0, expr.arg3)))> 
+  -> Lattice<typename std::remove_const<decltype(expr.op.func(vecEval(0, expr.arg1),
+				   vecEval(0, expr.arg2),
+				   vecEval(0, expr.arg3)))>::type >
 {
-  Lattice<decltype(expr.op.func(eval(0, expr.arg1),
-				eval(0, expr.arg2),
-				eval(0, expr.arg3)))>  ret(expr);
+  Lattice<typename std::remove_const<decltype(expr.op.func(vecEval(0, expr.arg1),
+				vecEval(0, expr.arg2),
+			        vecEval(0, expr.arg3)))>::type >  ret(expr);
   return ret;
 }
+#define EXPRESSION_CLOSURE(function)					\
+  template<class Expression,typename std::enable_if<is_lattice_expr<Expression>::value,void>::type * = nullptr> \
+    auto function(Expression &expr) -> decltype(function(closure(expr))) \
+  {									\
+    return function(closure(expr));					\
+  }
+
 
 #undef GRID_UNOP
 #undef GRID_BINOP

Grid/lattice/Lattice_arith.h

@@ -36,10 +36,11 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void mult(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("mult");
   ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
   conformable(ret,rhs);
   conformable(lhs,rhs);
   accelerator_for(ss,lhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
@@ -53,16 +54,17 @@ void mult(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
   
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void mac(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("mac");
   ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,rhs);
   conformable(lhs,rhs);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,lhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
-    decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
     auto lhs_t=lhs_v(ss);
     auto rhs_t=rhs_v(ss);
+    auto tmp  =ret_v(ss);
     mac(&tmp,&lhs_t,&rhs_t);
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss],tmp);
   });
@@ -70,12 +72,13 @@ void mac(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
   
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void sub(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("sub");
   ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,rhs);
   conformable(lhs,rhs);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,lhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
     decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
     auto lhs_t=lhs_v(ss);
@@ -86,12 +89,13 @@ void sub(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
 }
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void add(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("add");
   ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,rhs);
   conformable(lhs,rhs);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,lhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
     decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
     auto lhs_t=lhs_v(ss);
@@ -106,10 +110,11 @@ void add(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void mult(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const obj3 &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("mult");
   ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(lhs,ret);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,lhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
     decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
     mult(&tmp,&lhs_v(ss),&rhs);
@@ -119,12 +124,13 @@ void mult(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const obj3 &rhs){
   
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void mac(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const obj3 &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("mac");
   ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,lhs);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,lhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
-    decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
+    auto tmp  =ret_v(ss);
     auto lhs_t=lhs_v(ss);
     mac(&tmp,&lhs_t,&rhs);
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss],tmp);
@@ -133,10 +139,11 @@ void mac(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const obj3 &rhs){
   
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void sub(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const obj3 &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("sub");
   ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,lhs);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,lhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
     decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
     auto lhs_t=lhs_v(ss);
@@ -146,10 +153,11 @@ void sub(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const obj3 &rhs){
 }
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void add(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const obj3 &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("add");
   ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(lhs,ret);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,lhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
     decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
     auto lhs_t=lhs_v(ss);
@@ -163,10 +171,11 @@ void add(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const Lattice<obj2> &lhs,const obj3 &rhs){
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void mult(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const obj2 &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("mult");
   ret.Checkerboard() = rhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,rhs);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto rhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( rhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
     decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
     auto rhs_t=rhs_v(ss);
@@ -177,12 +186,13 @@ void mult(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const obj2 &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
   
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void mac(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const obj2 &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("mac");
   ret.Checkerboard() = rhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,rhs);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto rhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( rhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
-    decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
+    auto tmp  =ret_v(ss);
     auto rhs_t=rhs_v(ss);
     mac(&tmp,&lhs,&rhs_t);
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss],tmp);
@@ -191,10 +201,11 @@ void mac(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const obj2 &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
   
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void sub(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const obj2 &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("sub");
   ret.Checkerboard() = rhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,rhs);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto rhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( rhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
     decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
     auto rhs_t=rhs_v(ss);
@@ -204,10 +215,11 @@ void sub(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const obj2 &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
 }
 template<class obj1,class obj2,class obj3> inline
 void add(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const obj2 &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
+  GRID_TRACE("add");
   ret.Checkerboard() = rhs.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,rhs);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto rhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( rhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs_v.size(),obj1::Nsimd(),{
     decltype(coalescedRead(obj1())) tmp;
     auto rhs_t=rhs_v(ss);
@@ -218,25 +230,27 @@ void add(Lattice<obj1> &ret,const obj2 &lhs,const Lattice<obj3> &rhs){
   
 template<class sobj,class vobj> inline
 void axpy(Lattice<vobj> &ret,sobj a,const Lattice<vobj> &x,const Lattice<vobj> &y){
+  GRID_TRACE("axpy");
   ret.Checkerboard() = x.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,x);
   conformable(x,y);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto x_v = x.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto y_v = y.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( x_v , x, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( y_v , y, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,x_v.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
-    auto tmp = a*x_v(ss)+y_v(ss);
+    auto tmp = a*coalescedRead(x_v[ss])+coalescedRead(y_v[ss]);
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss],tmp);
   });
 }
 template<class sobj,class vobj> inline
 void axpby(Lattice<vobj> &ret,sobj a,sobj b,const Lattice<vobj> &x,const Lattice<vobj> &y){
+  GRID_TRACE("axpby");
   ret.Checkerboard() = x.Checkerboard();
   conformable(ret,x);
   conformable(x,y);
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto x_v = x.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto y_v = y.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( x_v , x, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( y_v , y, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,x_v.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
     auto tmp = a*x_v(ss)+b*y_v(ss);
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss],tmp);
@@ -246,11 +260,13 @@ void axpby(Lattice<vobj> &ret,sobj a,sobj b,const Lattice<vobj> &x,const Lattice
 template<class sobj,class vobj> inline
 RealD axpy_norm(Lattice<vobj> &ret,sobj a,const Lattice<vobj> &x,const Lattice<vobj> &y)
 {
+  GRID_TRACE("axpy_norm");
     return axpy_norm_fast(ret,a,x,y);
 }
 template<class sobj,class vobj> inline
 RealD axpby_norm(Lattice<vobj> &ret,sobj a,sobj b,const Lattice<vobj> &x,const Lattice<vobj> &y)
 {
+  GRID_TRACE("axpby_norm");
     return axpby_norm_fast(ret,a,b,x,y);
 }
 

Grid/lattice/Lattice_base.h

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution
 directory
 *************************************************************************************/
 			   /*  END LEGAL */
+
 #pragma once 
 
 #define STREAMING_STORES
@@ -37,180 +38,6 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
 extern int GridCshiftPermuteMap[4][16];
 
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Base class which can be used by traits to pick up behaviour
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-class LatticeBase {};
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Conformable checks; same instance of Grid required
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-void accelerator_inline conformable(GridBase *lhs,GridBase *rhs)
-{
-  assert(lhs == rhs);
-}
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Advise the LatticeAccelerator class
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-enum LatticeAcceleratorAdvise {
-  AdviseInfrequentUse = 0x1,    // Advise that the data is used infrequently.  This can
-                                // significantly influence performance of bulk storage.
-  AdviseReadMostly = 0x2,       // Data will mostly be read.  On some architectures
-                                // enables read-only copies of memory to be kept on
-                                // host and device.
-};
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// View Access Mode
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-enum ViewMode {
-  ViewRead = 0x1,
-  ViewWrite = 0x2,
-  ViewReadWrite = 0x3
-};
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Minimal base class containing only data valid to access from accelerator
-// _odata will be a managed pointer in CUDA
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Force access to lattice through a view object.
-// prevents writing of code that will not offload to GPU, but perhaps annoyingly
-// strict since host could could in principle direct access through the lattice object
-// Need to decide programming model.
-#define LATTICE_VIEW_STRICT
-template<class vobj> class LatticeAccelerator : public LatticeBase
-{
-protected:
-  GridBase *_grid;
-  int checkerboard;
-  vobj     *_odata;    // A managed pointer
-  uint64_t _odata_size;    
-public:
-  accelerator_inline LatticeAccelerator() : checkerboard(0), _odata(nullptr), _odata_size(0), _grid(nullptr) { }; 
-  accelerator_inline uint64_t oSites(void) const { return _odata_size; };
-  accelerator_inline int  Checkerboard(void) const { return checkerboard; };
-  accelerator_inline int &Checkerboard(void) { return this->checkerboard; }; // can assign checkerboard on a container, not a view
-  accelerator_inline void Conformable(GridBase * &grid) const
-  { 
-    if (grid) conformable(grid, _grid);
-    else      grid = _grid;
-  };
-
-  accelerator_inline void Advise(int advise) {
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
-#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__ // only on host
-    if (advise & AdviseInfrequentUse) {
-      cudaMemAdvise(_odata,_odata_size*sizeof(vobj),cudaMemAdviseSetPreferredLocation,cudaCpuDeviceId);
-    }
-    if (advise & AdviseReadMostly) {
-      cudaMemAdvise(_odata,_odata_size*sizeof(vobj),cudaMemAdviseSetReadMostly,-1);
-    }
-#endif
-#endif
-  };
-
-  accelerator_inline void AcceleratorPrefetch(int accessMode = ViewReadWrite) { // will use accessMode in future
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
-#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__ // only on host
-    int target;
-    cudaGetDevice(&target);
-    cudaMemPrefetchAsync(_odata,_odata_size*sizeof(vobj),target);
-#endif
-#endif
-  };
-
-  accelerator_inline void HostPrefetch(int accessMode = ViewReadWrite) { // will use accessMode in future
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
-#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__ // only on host
-    cudaMemPrefetchAsync(_odata,_odata_size*sizeof(vobj),cudaCpuDeviceId);
-#endif
-#endif
-  };
-};
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// A View class which provides accessor to the data.
-// This will be safe to call from accelerator_for and is trivially copy constructible
-// The copy constructor for this will need to be used by device lambda functions
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-template<class vobj> 
-class LatticeView : public LatticeAccelerator<vobj>
-{
-public:
-
-
-  // Rvalue
-#ifdef __CUDA_ARCH__
-  accelerator_inline const typename vobj::scalar_object operator()(size_t i) const { return coalescedRead(this->_odata[i]); }
-#else 
-  accelerator_inline const vobj & operator()(size_t i) const { return this->_odata[i]; }
-#endif
-
-  accelerator_inline const vobj & operator[](size_t i) const { return this->_odata[i]; };
-  accelerator_inline vobj       & operator[](size_t i)       { return this->_odata[i]; };
-
-  accelerator_inline uint64_t begin(void) const { return 0;};
-  accelerator_inline uint64_t end(void)   const { return this->_odata_size; };
-  accelerator_inline uint64_t size(void)  const { return this->_odata_size; };
-
-  LatticeView(const LatticeAccelerator<vobj> &refer_to_me) : LatticeAccelerator<vobj> (refer_to_me)
-  {
-  }
-};
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Lattice expression types used by ET to assemble the AST
-// 
-// Need to be able to detect code paths according to the whether a lattice object or not
-// so introduce some trait type things
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-class LatticeExpressionBase {};
-
-template <typename T> using is_lattice = std::is_base_of<LatticeBase, T>;
-template <typename T> using is_lattice_expr = std::is_base_of<LatticeExpressionBase,T >;
-
-template<class T, bool isLattice> struct ViewMapBase { typedef T Type; };
-template<class T>                 struct ViewMapBase<T,true> { typedef LatticeView<typename T::vector_object> Type; };
-template<class T> using ViewMap = ViewMapBase<T,std::is_base_of<LatticeBase, T>::value >;
-
-template <typename Op, typename _T1>                           
-class LatticeUnaryExpression : public  LatticeExpressionBase 
-{
-public:
-  typedef typename ViewMap<_T1>::Type T1;
-  Op op;
-  T1 arg1;
-  LatticeUnaryExpression(Op _op,const _T1 &_arg1) : op(_op), arg1(_arg1) {};
-};
-
-template <typename Op, typename _T1, typename _T2>              
-class LatticeBinaryExpression : public LatticeExpressionBase 
-{
-public:
-  typedef typename ViewMap<_T1>::Type T1;
-  typedef typename ViewMap<_T2>::Type T2;
-  Op op;
-  T1 arg1;
-  T2 arg2;
-  LatticeBinaryExpression(Op _op,const _T1 &_arg1,const _T2 &_arg2) : op(_op), arg1(_arg1), arg2(_arg2) {};
-};
-
-template <typename Op, typename _T1, typename _T2, typename _T3> 
-class LatticeTrinaryExpression : public LatticeExpressionBase 
-{
-public:
-  typedef typename ViewMap<_T1>::Type T1;
-  typedef typename ViewMap<_T2>::Type T2;
-  typedef typename ViewMap<_T3>::Type T3;
-  Op op;
-  T1 arg1;
-  T2 arg2;
-  T3 arg3;
-  LatticeTrinaryExpression(Op _op,const _T1 &_arg1,const _T2 &_arg2,const _T3 &_arg3) : op(_op), arg1(_arg1), arg2(_arg2), arg3(_arg3) {};
-};
-
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // The real lattice class, with normal copy and assignment semantics.
 // This contains extra (host resident) grid pointer data that may be accessed by host code
@@ -246,38 +73,40 @@ private:
       dealloc();
       
       this->_odata_size = size;
-      if ( size ) 
+      if ( size )
 	this->_odata      = alloc.allocate(this->_odata_size);
       else 
 	this->_odata      = nullptr;
     }
   }
 public:
+
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Can use to make accelerator dirty without copy from host ; useful for temporaries "dont care" prev contents
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  void SetViewMode(ViewMode mode) {
+    LatticeView<vobj> accessor(*( (LatticeAccelerator<vobj> *) this),mode);
+    accessor.ViewClose();
+  }
+
+  // Helper function to print the state of this object in the AccCache
+  void PrintCacheState(void)
+  {
+    MemoryManager::PrintState(this->_odata);
+  }
+
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Return a view object that may be dereferenced in site loops.
   // The view is trivially copy constructible and may be copied to an accelerator device
   // in device lambdas
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  LatticeView<vobj> View (void) const // deprecated, should pick AcceleratorView for accelerator_for
-  {                                   //                     and HostView        for thread_for
-    LatticeView<vobj> accessor(*( (LatticeAccelerator<vobj> *) this));
+
+  LatticeView<vobj> View (ViewMode mode) const 
+  {
+    LatticeView<vobj> accessor(*( (LatticeAccelerator<vobj> *) this),mode);
     return accessor;
   }
 
-  LatticeView<vobj> AcceleratorView(int mode = ViewReadWrite) const 
-  {
-    LatticeView<vobj> accessor(*( (LatticeAccelerator<vobj> *) this));
-    accessor.AcceleratorPrefetch(mode);
-    return accessor;
-  }
-
-  LatticeView<vobj> HostView(int mode = ViewReadWrite) const 
-  {
-    LatticeView<vobj> accessor(*( (LatticeAccelerator<vobj> *) this));
-    accessor.HostPrefetch(mode);
-    return accessor;
-  }
-  
   ~Lattice() { 
     if ( this->_odata_size ) {
       dealloc();
@@ -288,6 +117,7 @@ public:
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   template <typename Op, typename T1> inline Lattice<vobj> & operator=(const LatticeUnaryExpression<Op,T1> &expr)
   {
+    GRID_TRACE("ExpressionTemplateEval");
     GridBase *egrid(nullptr);
     GridFromExpression(egrid,expr);
     assert(egrid!=nullptr);
@@ -297,16 +127,21 @@ public:
     CBFromExpression(cb,expr);
     assert( (cb==Odd) || (cb==Even));
     this->checkerboard=cb;
-
-    auto me  = AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-    accelerator_for(ss,me.size(),1,{
-      auto tmp = eval(ss,expr);
-      vstream(me[ss],tmp);
+    
+    auto exprCopy = expr;
+    ExpressionViewOpen(exprCopy);
+    auto me  = View(AcceleratorWriteDiscard);
+    accelerator_for(ss,me.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
+      auto tmp = eval(ss,exprCopy);
+      coalescedWrite(me[ss],tmp);
     });
+    me.ViewClose();
+    ExpressionViewClose(exprCopy);
     return *this;
   }
   template <typename Op, typename T1,typename T2> inline Lattice<vobj> & operator=(const LatticeBinaryExpression<Op,T1,T2> &expr)
   {
+    GRID_TRACE("ExpressionTemplateEval");
     GridBase *egrid(nullptr);
     GridFromExpression(egrid,expr);
     assert(egrid!=nullptr);
@@ -317,15 +152,20 @@ public:
     assert( (cb==Odd) || (cb==Even));
     this->checkerboard=cb;
 
-    auto me  = AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-    accelerator_for(ss,me.size(),1,{
-      auto tmp = eval(ss,expr);
-      vstream(me[ss],tmp);
+    auto exprCopy = expr;
+    ExpressionViewOpen(exprCopy);
+    auto me  = View(AcceleratorWriteDiscard);
+    accelerator_for(ss,me.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
+      auto tmp = eval(ss,exprCopy);
+      coalescedWrite(me[ss],tmp);
     });
+    me.ViewClose();
+    ExpressionViewClose(exprCopy);
     return *this;
   }
   template <typename Op, typename T1,typename T2,typename T3> inline Lattice<vobj> & operator=(const LatticeTrinaryExpression<Op,T1,T2,T3> &expr)
   {
+    GRID_TRACE("ExpressionTemplateEval");
     GridBase *egrid(nullptr);
     GridFromExpression(egrid,expr);
     assert(egrid!=nullptr);
@@ -335,11 +175,15 @@ public:
     CBFromExpression(cb,expr);
     assert( (cb==Odd) || (cb==Even));
     this->checkerboard=cb;
-    auto me  = AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-    accelerator_for(ss,me.size(),1,{
-      auto tmp = eval(ss,expr);
-      vstream(me[ss],tmp);
+    auto exprCopy = expr;
+    ExpressionViewOpen(exprCopy);
+    auto me  = View(AcceleratorWriteDiscard);
+    accelerator_for(ss,me.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
+      auto tmp = eval(ss,exprCopy);
+      coalescedWrite(me[ss],tmp);
     });
+    me.ViewClose();
+    ExpressionViewClose(exprCopy);
     return *this;
   }
   //GridFromExpression is tricky to do
@@ -390,10 +234,11 @@ public:
   }
 
   template<class sobj> inline Lattice<vobj> & operator = (const sobj & r){
-    auto me  = View();
+    auto me  = View(CpuWrite);
     thread_for(ss,me.size(),{
-      me[ss] = r;
+	me[ss]= r;
     });
+    me.ViewClose();
     return *this;
   }
 
@@ -403,11 +248,12 @@ public:
   ///////////////////////////////////////////
   // user defined constructor
   ///////////////////////////////////////////
-  Lattice(GridBase *grid) { 
+  Lattice(GridBase *grid,ViewMode mode=AcceleratorWriteDiscard) { 
     this->_grid = grid;
     resize(this->_grid->oSites());
     assert((((uint64_t)&this->_odata[0])&0xF) ==0);
     this->checkerboard=0;
+    SetViewMode(mode);
   }
   
   //  virtual ~Lattice(void) = default;
@@ -445,11 +291,12 @@ public:
     typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<robj,vobj>::value,int>::type i=0;
     conformable(*this,r);
     this->checkerboard = r.Checkerboard();
-    auto me =   AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-    auto him= r.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+    auto him= r.View(AcceleratorRead);
+    auto me =   View(AcceleratorWriteDiscard);
     accelerator_for(ss,me.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
       coalescedWrite(me[ss],him(ss));
     });
+    me.ViewClose();    him.ViewClose();
     return *this;
   }
 
@@ -459,11 +306,12 @@ public:
   inline Lattice<vobj> & operator = (const Lattice<vobj> & r){
     this->checkerboard = r.Checkerboard();
     conformable(*this,r);
-    auto me =   AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-    auto him= r.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+    auto him= r.View(AcceleratorRead);
+    auto me =   View(AcceleratorWriteDiscard);
     accelerator_for(ss,me.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
       coalescedWrite(me[ss],him(ss));
     });
+    me.ViewClose();    him.ViewClose();
     return *this;
   }
   ///////////////////////////////////////////

Grid/lattice/Lattice_basis.h

@@ -51,34 +51,39 @@ template<class VField, class Matrix>
 void basisRotate(VField &basis,Matrix& Qt,int j0, int j1, int k0,int k1,int Nm) 
 {
   typedef decltype(basis[0]) Field;
-  typedef decltype(basis[0].View()) View;
-  auto tmp_v = basis[0].AcceleratorView(ViewReadWrite);
-  Vector<View> basis_v(basis.size(),tmp_v);
-  typedef typename std::remove_reference<decltype(tmp_v[0])>::type vobj;
+  typedef decltype(basis[0].View(AcceleratorRead)) View;
+
+  Vector<View> basis_v; basis_v.reserve(basis.size());
+  typedef typename std::remove_reference<decltype(basis_v[0][0])>::type vobj;
+  typedef typename std::remove_reference<decltype(Qt(0,0))>::type Coeff_t;
   GridBase* grid = basis[0].Grid();
       
   for(int k=0;k<basis.size();k++){
-    basis_v[k] = basis[k].AcceleratorView(ViewReadWrite);
+    basis_v.push_back(basis[k].View(AcceleratorWrite));
   }
 
-#ifndef GRID_NVCC
+#if ( (!defined(GRID_CUDA)) )
+  int max_threads = thread_max();
+  Vector < vobj > Bt(Nm * max_threads);
   thread_region
-  {
-    std::vector < vobj > B(Nm); // Thread private
-    thread_for_in_region(ss, grid->oSites(),{
-	for(int j=j0; j<j1; ++j) B[j]=0.;
+    {
+      vobj* B = &Bt[Nm * thread_num()];
+      thread_for_in_region(ss, grid->oSites(),{
+	  for(int j=j0; j<j1; ++j) B[j]=0.;
       
-	for(int j=j0; j<j1; ++j){
-	  for(int k=k0; k<k1; ++k){
-	    B[j] +=Qt(j,k) * basis_v[k][ss];
+	  for(int j=j0; j<j1; ++j){
+	    for(int k=k0; k<k1; ++k){
+	      B[j] +=Qt(j,k) * basis_v[k][ss];
+	    }
 	  }
-	}
-	for(int j=j0; j<j1; ++j){
-	  basis_v[j][ss] = B[j];
-	}
-      });
-  }
+	  for(int j=j0; j<j1; ++j){
+	    basis_v[j][ss] = B[j];
+	  }
+	});
+    }
 #else
+  View *basis_vp = &basis_v[0];
+
   int nrot = j1-j0;
   if (!nrot) // edge case not handled gracefully by Cuda
     return;
@@ -90,13 +95,13 @@ void basisRotate(VField &basis,Matrix& Qt,int j0, int j1, int k0,int k1,int Nm)
   auto Bp=&Bt[0];
 
   // GPU readable copy of matrix
-  Vector<double> Qt_jv(Nm*Nm);
-  double *Qt_p = & Qt_jv[0];
+  Vector<Coeff_t> Qt_jv(Nm*Nm);
+  Coeff_t *Qt_p = & Qt_jv[0];
   thread_for(i,Nm*Nm,{
       int j = i/Nm;
       int k = i%Nm;
       Qt_p[i]=Qt(j,k);
-    });
+  });
 
   // Block the loop to keep storage footprint down
   for(uint64_t s=0;s<oSites;s+=siteBlock){
@@ -120,7 +125,7 @@ void basisRotate(VField &basis,Matrix& Qt,int j0, int j1, int k0,int k1,int Nm)
 
 	for(int k=k0; k<k1; ++k){
 	  auto tmp = coalescedRead(Bp[ss*nrot+j]);
-	  coalescedWrite(Bp[ss*nrot+j],tmp+ Qt_p[jj*Nm+k] * coalescedRead(basis_v[k][sss]));
+	  coalescedWrite(Bp[ss*nrot+j],tmp+ Qt_p[jj*Nm+k] * coalescedRead(basis_vp[k][sss]));
 	}
       });
 
@@ -129,37 +134,44 @@ void basisRotate(VField &basis,Matrix& Qt,int j0, int j1, int k0,int k1,int Nm)
 	int jj  =j0+j;
 	int ss =sj/nrot;
 	int sss=ss+s;
-	coalescedWrite(basis_v[jj][sss],coalescedRead(Bp[ss*nrot+j]));
+	coalescedWrite(basis_vp[jj][sss],coalescedRead(Bp[ss*nrot+j]));
       });
   }
 #endif
+
+  for(int k=0;k<basis.size();k++) basis_v[k].ViewClose();
 }
 
 // Extract a single rotated vector
 template<class Field>
 void basisRotateJ(Field &result,std::vector<Field> &basis,Eigen::MatrixXd& Qt,int j, int k0,int k1,int Nm) 
 {
-  typedef decltype(basis[0].AcceleratorView()) View;
+  typedef decltype(basis[0].View(AcceleratorRead)) View;
   typedef typename Field::vector_object vobj;
   GridBase* grid = basis[0].Grid();
 
   result.Checkerboard() = basis[0].Checkerboard();
-  auto result_v=result.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  Vector<View> basis_v(basis.size(),result_v);
+
+  Vector<View> basis_v; basis_v.reserve(basis.size());
   for(int k=0;k<basis.size();k++){
-    basis_v[k] = basis[k].AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+    basis_v.push_back(basis[k].View(AcceleratorRead));
   }
   vobj zz=Zero();
   Vector<double> Qt_jv(Nm);
   double * Qt_j = & Qt_jv[0];
   for(int k=0;k<Nm;++k) Qt_j[k]=Qt(j,k);
+
+  auto basis_vp=& basis_v[0];
+  autoView(result_v,result,AcceleratorWrite);
   accelerator_for(ss, grid->oSites(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
-    auto B=coalescedRead(zz);
+    vobj zzz=Zero();
+    auto B=coalescedRead(zzz);
     for(int k=k0; k<k1; ++k){
-      B +=Qt_j[k] * coalescedRead(basis_v[k][ss]);
+      B +=Qt_j[k] * coalescedRead(basis_vp[k][ss]);
     }
     coalescedWrite(result_v[ss], B);
   });
+  for(int k=0;k<basis.size();k++) basis_v[k].ViewClose();
 }
 
 template<class Field>

Grid/lattice/Lattice_comparison.h

@@ -42,34 +42,6 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
 typedef iScalar<vInteger> vPredicate ;
 
-/*
-template <class iobj, class vobj, class robj> accelerator_inline 
-vobj predicatedWhere(const iobj &predicate, const vobj &iftrue, const robj &iffalse) 
-{
-  typename std::remove_const<vobj>::type ret;
-
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_object scalar_object;
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
-  typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
-
-  const int Nsimd = vobj::vector_type::Nsimd();
-
-  ExtractBuffer<Integer> mask(Nsimd);
-  ExtractBuffer<scalar_object> truevals(Nsimd);
-  ExtractBuffer<scalar_object> falsevals(Nsimd);
-
-  extract(iftrue, truevals);
-  extract(iffalse, falsevals);
-  extract<vInteger, Integer>(TensorRemove(predicate), mask);
-
-  for (int s = 0; s < Nsimd; s++) {
-    if (mask[s]) falsevals[s] = truevals[s];
-  }
-
-  merge(ret, falsevals);
-  return ret;
-}
-*/
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // compare lattice to lattice
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -78,9 +50,9 @@ template<class vfunctor,class lobj,class robj>
 inline Lattice<vPredicate> LLComparison(vfunctor op,const Lattice<lobj> &lhs,const Lattice<robj> &rhs)
 {
   Lattice<vPredicate> ret(rhs.Grid());
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, CpuRead);
+  autoView( rhs_v, rhs, CpuRead);
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, CpuWrite);
   thread_for( ss, rhs_v.size(), {
       ret_v[ss]=op(lhs_v[ss],rhs_v[ss]);
   });
@@ -93,8 +65,8 @@ template<class vfunctor,class lobj,class robj>
 inline Lattice<vPredicate> LSComparison(vfunctor op,const Lattice<lobj> &lhs,const robj &rhs)
 {
   Lattice<vPredicate> ret(lhs.Grid());
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, CpuRead);
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, CpuWrite);
   thread_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), {
     ret_v[ss]=op(lhs_v[ss],rhs);
   });
@@ -107,8 +79,8 @@ template<class vfunctor,class lobj,class robj>
 inline Lattice<vPredicate> SLComparison(vfunctor op,const lobj &lhs,const Lattice<robj> &rhs)
 {
   Lattice<vPredicate> ret(rhs.Grid());
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
+  autoView( rhs_v, rhs, CpuRead);
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, CpuWrite);
   thread_for( ss, rhs_v.size(), {
     ret_v[ss]=op(lhs,rhs_v[ss]);
   });

Grid/lattice/Lattice_coordinate.h

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ template<class iobj> inline void LatticeCoordinate(Lattice<iobj> &l,int mu)
   GridBase *grid = l.Grid();
   int Nsimd = grid->iSites();
 
-  auto l_v = l.View();
+  autoView(l_v, l, CpuWrite);
   thread_for( o, grid->oSites(), {
     vector_type vI;
     Coordinate gcoor;
@@ -51,23 +51,5 @@ template<class iobj> inline void LatticeCoordinate(Lattice<iobj> &l,int mu)
   });
 };
 
-// LatticeCoordinate();
-// FIXME for debug; deprecate this; made obscelete by 
-template<class vobj> void lex_sites(Lattice<vobj> &l){
-  auto l_v = l.View();
-  Real *v_ptr = (Real *)&l_v[0];
-  size_t o_len = l.Grid()->oSites();
-  size_t v_len = sizeof(vobj)/sizeof(vRealF);
-  size_t vec_len = vRealF::Nsimd();
-
-  for(int i=0;i<o_len;i++){
-    for(int j=0;j<v_len;j++){
-      for(int vv=0;vv<vec_len;vv+=2){
-	v_ptr[i*v_len*vec_len+j*vec_len+vv  ]= i+vv*500;
-	v_ptr[i*v_len*vec_len+j*vec_len+vv+1]= i+vv*500;
-      }
-    }}
-}
-
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
 

Grid/lattice/Lattice_crc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+
+    Source file: ./lib/lattice/Lattice_crc.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2021
+
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+#pragma once
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+template<class vobj> void DumpSliceNorm(std::string s,Lattice<vobj> &f,int mu=-1)
+{
+  auto ff = localNorm2(f);
+  if ( mu==-1 ) mu = f.Grid()->Nd()-1;
+  typedef typename vobj::tensor_reduced normtype;
+  typedef typename normtype::scalar_object scalar;
+  std::vector<scalar> sff;
+  sliceSum(ff,sff,mu);
+  for(int t=0;t<sff.size();t++){
+    std::cout << s<<" "<<t<<" "<<sff[t]<<std::endl;
+  }
+}
+
+template<class vobj> uint32_t crc(Lattice<vobj> & buf)
+{
+  autoView( buf_v , buf, CpuRead);
+  return ::crc32(0L,(unsigned char *)&buf_v[0],(size_t)sizeof(vobj)*buf.oSites());
+}
+
+#define CRC(U) std::cout << "FingerPrint "<<__FILE__ <<" "<< __LINE__ <<" "<< #U <<" "<<crc(U)<<std::endl;
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+
+

Grid/lattice/Lattice_local.h

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ template<class vobj>
 inline auto localNorm2 (const Lattice<vobj> &rhs)-> Lattice<typename vobj::tensor_reduced>
 {
   Lattice<typename vobj::tensor_reduced> ret(rhs.Grid());
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
+  autoView( rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs_v.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss],innerProduct(rhs_v(ss),rhs_v(ss)));
   });
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ template<class vobj>
 inline auto localInnerProduct (const Lattice<vobj> &lhs,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs) -> Lattice<typename vobj::tensor_reduced>
 {
   Lattice<typename vobj::tensor_reduced> ret(rhs.Grid());
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs_v.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss],innerProduct(lhs_v(ss),rhs_v(ss)));
   });
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ inline auto outerProduct (const Lattice<ll> &lhs,const Lattice<rr> &rhs) -> Latt
   typedef decltype(coalescedRead(ll())) sll;
   typedef decltype(coalescedRead(rr())) srr;
   Lattice<decltype(outerProduct(ll(),rr()))> ret(rhs.Grid());
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs_v.size(),1,{
     // FIXME had issues with scalar version of outer 
     // Use vector [] operator and don't read coalesce this loop

Grid/lattice/Lattice_matrix_reduction.h

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ template<class vobj>
 static void sliceMaddMatrix (Lattice<vobj> &R,Eigen::MatrixXcd &aa,const Lattice<vobj> &X,const Lattice<vobj> &Y,int Orthog,RealD scale=1.0) 
 {    
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
 
   int Nblock = X.Grid()->GlobalDimensions()[Orthog];
@@ -51,9 +50,9 @@ static void sliceMaddMatrix (Lattice<vobj> &R,Eigen::MatrixXcd &aa,const Lattice
   int block =FullGrid->_slice_block [Orthog];
   int nblock=FullGrid->_slice_nblock[Orthog];
   int ostride=FullGrid->_ostride[Orthog];
-  auto X_v = X.View();
-  auto Y_v = Y.View();
-  auto R_v = R.View();
+  autoView( X_v , X, CpuRead);
+  autoView( Y_v , Y, CpuRead);
+  autoView( R_v , R, CpuWrite);
   thread_region
   {
     std::vector<vobj> s_x(Nblock);
@@ -82,7 +81,6 @@ template<class vobj>
 static void sliceMulMatrix (Lattice<vobj> &R,Eigen::MatrixXcd &aa,const Lattice<vobj> &X,int Orthog,RealD scale=1.0) 
 {    
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
 
   int Nblock = X.Grid()->GlobalDimensions()[Orthog];
@@ -97,8 +95,8 @@ static void sliceMulMatrix (Lattice<vobj> &R,Eigen::MatrixXcd &aa,const Lattice<
   int nblock=FullGrid->_slice_nblock[Orthog];
   int ostride=FullGrid->_ostride[Orthog];
 
-  auto X_v = X.View();
-  auto R_v = R.View();
+  autoView( X_v , X, CpuRead);
+  autoView( R_v , R, CpuWrite);
 
   thread_region
   {
@@ -130,7 +128,6 @@ template<class vobj>
 static void sliceInnerProductMatrix(  Eigen::MatrixXcd &mat, const Lattice<vobj> &lhs,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,int Orthog) 
 {
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
   
   GridBase *FullGrid  = lhs.Grid();
@@ -156,8 +153,8 @@ static void sliceInnerProductMatrix(  Eigen::MatrixXcd &mat, const Lattice<vobj>
   int ostride=FullGrid->_ostride[Orthog];
 
   typedef typename vobj::vector_typeD vector_typeD;
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, CpuRead);
+  autoView( rhs_v , rhs, CpuRead);
   thread_region {
     std::vector<vobj> Left(Nblock);
     std::vector<vobj> Right(Nblock);

Grid/lattice/Lattice_peekpoke.h

@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ auto PeekIndex(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs,int i) -> Lattice<decltype(peekIndex<Ind
 {
   Lattice<decltype(peekIndex<Index>(vobj(),i))> ret(lhs.Grid());
   ret.Checkerboard()=lhs.Checkerboard();
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  thread_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), {
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), 1, {
     ret_v[ss] = peekIndex<Index>(lhs_v[ss],i);
   });
   return ret;
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ auto PeekIndex(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs,int i,int j) -> Lattice<decltype(peekInd
 {
   Lattice<decltype(peekIndex<Index>(vobj(),i,j))> ret(lhs.Grid());
   ret.Checkerboard()=lhs.Checkerboard();
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  thread_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), {
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), 1, {
     ret_v[ss] = peekIndex<Index>(lhs_v[ss],i,j);
   });
   return ret;
@@ -72,18 +72,18 @@ auto PeekIndex(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs,int i,int j) -> Lattice<decltype(peekInd
 template<int Index,class vobj>  
 void PokeIndex(Lattice<vobj> &lhs,const Lattice<decltype(peekIndex<Index>(vobj(),0))> & rhs,int i)
 {
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  thread_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), {
+  autoView( rhs_v, rhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorWrite);
+  accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), 1, {
     pokeIndex<Index>(lhs_v[ss],rhs_v[ss],i);
   });
 }
 template<int Index,class vobj> 
 void PokeIndex(Lattice<vobj> &lhs,const Lattice<decltype(peekIndex<Index>(vobj(),0,0))> & rhs,int i,int j)
 {
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.View();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  thread_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), {
+  autoView( rhs_v, rhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorWrite);
+  accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), 1, {
     pokeIndex<Index>(lhs_v[ss],rhs_v[ss],i,j);
   });
 }
@@ -96,9 +96,6 @@ void pokeSite(const sobj &s,Lattice<vobj> &l,const Coordinate &site){
 
   GridBase *grid=l.Grid();
 
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
-  typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
-
   int Nsimd = grid->Nsimd();
 
   assert( l.Checkerboard()== l.Grid()->CheckerBoard(site));
@@ -111,7 +108,7 @@ void pokeSite(const sobj &s,Lattice<vobj> &l,const Coordinate &site){
 
   // extract-modify-merge cycle is easiest way and this is not perf critical
   ExtractBuffer<sobj> buf(Nsimd);
-  auto l_v = l.View();
+  autoView( l_v , l, CpuWrite);
   if ( rank == grid->ThisRank() ) {
     extract(l_v[odx],buf);
     buf[idx] = s;
@@ -125,14 +122,17 @@ void pokeSite(const sobj &s,Lattice<vobj> &l,const Coordinate &site){
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Peek a scalar object from the SIMD array
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<class vobj>
+typename vobj::scalar_object peekSite(const Lattice<vobj> &l,const Coordinate &site){
+  typename vobj::scalar_object s;
+  peekSite(s,l,site);
+  return s;
+}        
 template<class vobj,class sobj>
 void peekSite(sobj &s,const Lattice<vobj> &l,const Coordinate &site){
         
   GridBase *grid=l.Grid();
 
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
-  typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
-
   int Nsimd = grid->Nsimd();
 
   assert( l.Checkerboard() == l.Grid()->CheckerBoard(site));
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ void peekSite(sobj &s,const Lattice<vobj> &l,const Coordinate &site){
   grid->GlobalCoorToRankIndex(rank,odx,idx,site);
 
   ExtractBuffer<sobj> buf(Nsimd);
-  auto l_v = l.View();
+  autoView( l_v , l, CpuWrite);
   extract(l_v[odx],buf);
 
   s = buf[idx];
@@ -151,21 +151,21 @@ void peekSite(sobj &s,const Lattice<vobj> &l,const Coordinate &site){
   return;
 };
 
-
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Peek a scalar object from the SIMD array
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Must be CPU read view
 template<class vobj,class sobj>
-inline void peekLocalSite(sobj &s,const Lattice<vobj> &l,Coordinate &site){
-        
-  GridBase *grid = l.Grid();
-
+inline void peekLocalSite(sobj &s,const LatticeView<vobj> &l,Coordinate &site)
+{
+  GridBase *grid = l.getGrid();
+  assert(l.mode==CpuRead);
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
 
   int Nsimd = grid->Nsimd();
 
-  assert( l.Checkerboard()== l.Grid()->CheckerBoard(site));
+  assert( l.Checkerboard()== grid->CheckerBoard(site));
   assert( sizeof(sobj)*Nsimd == sizeof(vobj));
 
   static const int words=sizeof(vobj)/sizeof(vector_type);
@@ -173,28 +173,36 @@ inline void peekLocalSite(sobj &s,const Lattice<vobj> &l,Coordinate &site){
   idx= grid->iIndex(site);
   odx= grid->oIndex(site);
   
-  auto l_v = l.View();
-  scalar_type * vp = (scalar_type *)&l_v[odx];
+  const vector_type *vp = (const vector_type *) &l[odx];
   scalar_type * pt = (scalar_type *)&s;
       
   for(int w=0;w<words;w++){
-    pt[w] = vp[idx+w*Nsimd];
+    pt[w] = getlane(vp[w],idx);
   }
       
   return;
 };
-
 template<class vobj,class sobj>
-inline void pokeLocalSite(const sobj &s,Lattice<vobj> &l,Coordinate &site){
+inline void peekLocalSite(sobj &s,const Lattice<vobj> &l,Coordinate &site)
+{
+  autoView(lv,l,CpuRead);
+  peekLocalSite(s,lv,site);
+  return;
+};
 
-  GridBase *grid=l.Grid();
+// Must be CPU write view
+template<class vobj,class sobj>
+inline void pokeLocalSite(const sobj &s,LatticeView<vobj> &l,Coordinate &site)
+{
+  GridBase *grid=l.getGrid();
+  assert(l.mode==CpuWrite);
 
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
 
   int Nsimd = grid->Nsimd();
 
-  assert( l.Checkerboard()== l.Grid()->CheckerBoard(site));
+  assert( l.Checkerboard()== grid->CheckerBoard(site));
   assert( sizeof(sobj)*Nsimd == sizeof(vobj));
 
   static const int words=sizeof(vobj)/sizeof(vector_type);
@@ -202,13 +210,19 @@ inline void pokeLocalSite(const sobj &s,Lattice<vobj> &l,Coordinate &site){
   idx= grid->iIndex(site);
   odx= grid->oIndex(site);
 
-  auto l_v = l.View();
-  scalar_type * vp = (scalar_type *)&l_v[odx];
+  vector_type * vp = (vector_type *)&l[odx];
   scalar_type * pt = (scalar_type *)&s;
   for(int w=0;w<words;w++){
-    vp[idx+w*Nsimd] = pt[w];
+    putlane(vp[w],pt[w],idx);
   }
+  return;
+};
 
+template<class vobj,class sobj>
+inline void pokeLocalSite(const sobj &s, Lattice<vobj> &l,Coordinate &site)
+{
+  autoView(lv,l,CpuWrite);
+  pokeLocalSite(s,lv,site);
   return;
 };
 

Grid/lattice/Lattice_real_imag.h

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid 
+
+    Source file: ./lib/lattice/Lattice_reality.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2015
+
+Author: Azusa Yamaguchi <ayamaguc@staffmail.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+Author: neo <cossu@post.kek.jp>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+*************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+#ifndef GRID_LATTICE_REAL_IMAG_H
+#define GRID_LATTICE_REAL_IMAG_H
+
+
+// FIXME .. this is the sector of the code 
+// I am most worried about the directions
+// The choice of burying complex in the SIMD
+// is making the use of "real" and "imag" very cumbersome
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+template<class vobj> inline Lattice<vobj> real(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs){
+  Lattice<vobj> ret(lhs.Grid());
+
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+
+  ret.Checkerboard()=lhs.Checkerboard();
+  accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), 1, {
+    ret_v[ss] =real(lhs_v[ss]);
+  });
+  return ret;
+};
+template<class vobj> inline Lattice<vobj> imag(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs){
+  Lattice<vobj> ret(lhs.Grid());
+
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+
+  ret.Checkerboard()=lhs.Checkerboard();
+  accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), 1, {
+    ret_v[ss] =imag(lhs_v[ss]);
+  });
+  return ret;
+};
+
+template<class Expression,typename std::enable_if<is_lattice_expr<Expression>::value,void>::type * = nullptr> 
+  auto real(const Expression &expr) -> decltype(real(closure(expr)))		
+{									
+  return real(closure(expr));					
+}
+template<class Expression,typename std::enable_if<is_lattice_expr<Expression>::value,void>::type * = nullptr> 
+  auto imag(const Expression &expr) -> decltype(imag(closure(expr)))		
+{									
+  return imag(closure(expr));					
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+
+#endif

Grid/lattice/Lattice_reality.h

@@ -40,26 +40,77 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
 template<class vobj> inline Lattice<vobj> adj(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs){
   Lattice<vobj> ret(lhs.Grid());
+
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+
   ret.Checkerboard()=lhs.Checkerboard();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
-  accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), vobj::Nsimd(), {
-    coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss], adj(lhs_v(ss)));
+  accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), 1, {
+     ret_v[ss] = adj(lhs_v[ss]);
   });
   return ret;
 };
 
 template<class vobj> inline Lattice<vobj> conjugate(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs){
   Lattice<vobj> ret(lhs.Grid());
+
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+
   ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
   accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), vobj::Nsimd(), {
     coalescedWrite( ret_v[ss] , conjugate(lhs_v(ss)));
   });
   return ret;
 };
 
+template<class vobj> inline Lattice<typename vobj::Complexified> toComplex(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs){
+  Lattice<typename vobj::Complexified> ret(lhs.Grid());
+
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+
+  ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
+  accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), 1, {
+    ret_v[ss] = toComplex(lhs_v[ss]);
+  });
+  return ret;
+};
+template<class vobj> inline Lattice<typename vobj::Realified> toReal(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs){
+  Lattice<typename vobj::Realified> ret(lhs.Grid());
+
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+
+  ret.Checkerboard() = lhs.Checkerboard();
+  accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), 1, {
+    ret_v[ss] = toReal(lhs_v[ss]);
+  });
+  return ret;
+};
+
+
+template<class Expression,typename std::enable_if<is_lattice_expr<Expression>::value,void>::type * = nullptr> 
+auto toComplex(const Expression &expr)  -> decltype(closure(expr)) 
+{
+  return toComplex(closure(expr));
+}
+template<class Expression,typename std::enable_if<is_lattice_expr<Expression>::value,void>::type * = nullptr> 
+auto toReal(const Expression &expr)  -> decltype(closure(expr)) 
+{
+  return toReal(closure(expr));
+}
+template<class Expression,typename std::enable_if<is_lattice_expr<Expression>::value,void>::type * = nullptr> 
+auto adj(const Expression &expr)  -> decltype(closure(expr)) 
+{
+  return adj(closure(expr));
+}
+template<class Expression,typename std::enable_if<is_lattice_expr<Expression>::value,void>::type * = nullptr> 
+auto conjugate(const Expression &expr)  -> decltype(closure(expr)) 
+{
+  return conjugate(closure(expr));
+}
+
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
 
 #endif

Grid/lattice/Lattice_reduction.h

@@ -25,9 +25,12 @@ Author: Christoph Lehner <christoph@lhnr.de>
 #include <Grid/Grid_Eigen_Dense.h>
 
 
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA)||defined(GRID_HIP)
 #include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_reduction_gpu.h>
 #endif
+#if defined(GRID_SYCL)
+#include <Grid/lattice/Lattice_reduction_sycl.h>
+#endif
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ inline typename vobj::scalar_object sum_cpu(const vobj *arg, Integer osites)
 {
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object  sobj;
 
-  const int Nsimd = vobj::Nsimd();
+  //  const int Nsimd = vobj::Nsimd();
   const int nthread = GridThread::GetThreads();
 
   Vector<sobj> sumarray(nthread);
@@ -62,24 +65,132 @@ inline typename vobj::scalar_object sum_cpu(const vobj *arg, Integer osites)
   for(int i=0;i<nthread;i++){
     ssum = ssum+sumarray[i];
   } 
-  
   return ssum;
 }
 template<class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_cpu(const vobj *arg, Integer osites)
+{
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_objectD  sobj;
+
+  const int nthread = GridThread::GetThreads();
+
+  Vector<sobj> sumarray(nthread);
+  for(int i=0;i<nthread;i++){
+    sumarray[i]=Zero();
+  }
+  
+  thread_for(thr,nthread, {
+    int nwork, mywork, myoff;
+    nwork = osites;
+    GridThread::GetWork(nwork,thr,mywork,myoff);
+    vobj vvsum=Zero();
+    for(int ss=myoff;ss<mywork+myoff; ss++){
+      vvsum = vvsum + arg[ss];
+    }
+    sumarray[thr]=Reduce(vvsum);
+  });
+  
+  sobj ssum=Zero();  // sum across threads
+  for(int i=0;i<nthread;i++){
+    ssum = ssum+sumarray[i];
+  } 
+  return ssum;
+}
+/*
+Threaded max, don't use for now
+template<class Double>
+inline Double max(const Double *arg, Integer osites)
+{
+  //  const int Nsimd = vobj::Nsimd();
+  const int nthread = GridThread::GetThreads();
+
+  std::vector<Double> maxarray(nthread);
+  
+  thread_for(thr,nthread, {
+    int nwork, mywork, myoff;
+    nwork = osites;
+    GridThread::GetWork(nwork,thr,mywork,myoff);
+    Double max=arg[0];
+    for(int ss=myoff;ss<mywork+myoff; ss++){
+      if( arg[ss] > max ) max = arg[ss];
+    }
+    maxarray[thr]=max;
+  });
+  
+  Double tmax=maxarray[0];
+  for(int i=0;i<nthread;i++){
+    if (maxarray[i]>tmax) tmax = maxarray[i];
+  } 
+  return tmax;
+}
+*/
+template<class vobj>
 inline typename vobj::scalar_object sum(const vobj *arg, Integer osites)
 {
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA)||defined(GRID_HIP)||defined(GRID_SYCL)
   return sum_gpu(arg,osites);
 #else
   return sum_cpu(arg,osites);
 #endif  
 }
+template<class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD(const vobj *arg, Integer osites)
+{
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA)||defined(GRID_HIP)||defined(GRID_SYCL)
+  return sumD_gpu(arg,osites);
+#else
+  return sumD_cpu(arg,osites);
+#endif  
+}
+template<class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_large(const vobj *arg, Integer osites)
+{
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA)||defined(GRID_HIP)||defined(GRID_SYCL)
+  return sumD_gpu_large(arg,osites);
+#else
+  return sumD_cpu(arg,osites);
+#endif  
+}
+
+template<class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_object rankSum(const Lattice<vobj> &arg)
+{
+  Integer osites = arg.Grid()->oSites();
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA)||defined(GRID_HIP)||defined(GRID_SYCL)
+  autoView( arg_v, arg, AcceleratorRead);
+  return sum_gpu(&arg_v[0],osites);
+#else
+  autoView(arg_v, arg, CpuRead);
+  return sum_cpu(&arg_v[0],osites);
+#endif  
+}
+
 template<class vobj>
 inline typename vobj::scalar_object sum(const Lattice<vobj> &arg)
 {
-  auto arg_v = arg.View();
+  auto ssum = rankSum(arg);
+  arg.Grid()->GlobalSum(ssum);
+  return ssum;
+}
+
+template<class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_object rankSumLarge(const Lattice<vobj> &arg)
+{
+#if defined(GRID_CUDA)||defined(GRID_HIP)||defined(GRID_SYCL)
+  autoView( arg_v, arg, AcceleratorRead);
   Integer osites = arg.Grid()->oSites();
-  auto ssum= sum(&arg_v[0],osites);
+  return sum_gpu_large(&arg_v[0],osites);
+#else
+  autoView(arg_v, arg, CpuRead);
+  Integer osites = arg.Grid()->oSites();
+  return sum_cpu(&arg_v[0],osites);
+#endif
+}
+
+template<class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_object sum_large(const Lattice<vobj> &arg)
+{
+  auto ssum = rankSumLarge(arg);
   arg.Grid()->GlobalSum(ssum);
   return ssum;
 }
@@ -92,52 +203,80 @@ template<class vobj> inline RealD norm2(const Lattice<vobj> &arg){
   return real(nrm); 
 }
 
+//The global maximum of the site norm2
+template<class vobj> inline RealD maxLocalNorm2(const Lattice<vobj> &arg)
+{
+  typedef typename vobj::tensor_reduced vscalar;  //iScalar<iScalar<.... <vPODtype> > >
+  typedef typename vscalar::scalar_object  scalar;   //iScalar<iScalar<.... <PODtype> > >
+
+  Lattice<vscalar> inner = localNorm2(arg);
+
+  auto grid = arg.Grid();
+
+  RealD max;
+  for(int l=0;l<grid->lSites();l++){
+    Coordinate coor;
+    scalar val;
+    RealD r;
+    grid->LocalIndexToLocalCoor(l,coor);
+    peekLocalSite(val,inner,coor);
+    r=real(TensorRemove(val));
+    if( (l==0) || (r>max)){
+      max=r;
+    }
+  }
+  grid->GlobalMax(max);
+  return max;
+}
+
 // Double inner product
 template<class vobj>
 inline ComplexD rankInnerProduct(const Lattice<vobj> &left,const Lattice<vobj> &right)
 {
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_typeD vector_type;
   ComplexD  nrm;
   
   GridBase *grid = left.Grid();
-  
-  // Might make all code paths go this way.
-  auto left_v = left.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto right_v=right.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
 
   const uint64_t nsimd = grid->Nsimd();
   const uint64_t sites = grid->oSites();
   
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
-  // GPU - SIMT lane compliance...
-  typedef decltype(innerProduct(left_v[0],right_v[0])) inner_t;
+  // Might make all code paths go this way.
+#if 0
+  typedef decltype(innerProductD(vobj(),vobj())) inner_t;
   Vector<inner_t> inner_tmp(sites);
   auto inner_tmp_v = &inner_tmp[0];
-  
-
-  accelerator_for( ss, sites, nsimd,{
-      auto x_l = left_v(ss);
-      auto y_l = right_v(ss);
-      coalescedWrite(inner_tmp_v[ss],innerProduct(x_l,y_l));
-  })
-
-  // This is in single precision and fails some tests
-  // Need a sumD that sums in double
-  nrm = TensorRemove(sumD_gpu(inner_tmp_v,sites));  
+  {
+    autoView( left_v , left, AcceleratorRead);
+    autoView( right_v,right, AcceleratorRead);
+    // This code could read coalesce
+    // GPU - SIMT lane compliance...
+    accelerator_for( ss, sites, nsimd,{
+	auto x_l = left_v(ss);
+	auto y_l = right_v(ss);
+	coalescedWrite(inner_tmp_v[ss],innerProductD(x_l,y_l));
+    });
+  }
 #else
-  // CPU 
-  typedef decltype(innerProductD(left_v[0],right_v[0])) inner_t;
+  typedef decltype(innerProduct(vobj(),vobj())) inner_t;
   Vector<inner_t> inner_tmp(sites);
   auto inner_tmp_v = &inner_tmp[0];
-  
-  accelerator_for( ss, sites, nsimd,{
-      auto x_l = left_v[ss];
-      auto y_l = right_v[ss];
-      inner_tmp_v[ss]=innerProductD(x_l,y_l);
-  })
-  nrm = TensorRemove(sum(inner_tmp_v,sites));
+    
+  {
+    autoView( left_v , left, AcceleratorRead);
+    autoView( right_v,right, AcceleratorRead);
+
+    // GPU - SIMT lane compliance...
+    accelerator_for( ss, sites, nsimd,{
+	auto x_l = left_v(ss);
+	auto y_l = right_v(ss);
+	coalescedWrite(inner_tmp_v[ss],innerProduct(x_l,y_l));
+    });
+  }
 #endif
+  // This is in single precision and fails some tests
+  auto anrm = sumD(inner_tmp_v,sites);  
+  nrm = anrm;
   return nrm;
 }
 
@@ -169,21 +308,30 @@ axpby_norm_fast(Lattice<vobj> &z,sobj a,sobj b,const Lattice<vobj> &x,const Latt
   conformable(z,x);
   conformable(x,y);
 
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
-  typedef typename vobj::vector_typeD vector_type;
+  //  typedef typename vobj::vector_typeD vector_type;
   RealD  nrm;
   
   GridBase *grid = x.Grid();
 
-  auto x_v=x.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto y_v=y.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto z_v=z.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-
   const uint64_t nsimd = grid->Nsimd();
   const uint64_t sites = grid->oSites();
   
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
   // GPU
+  autoView( x_v, x, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( y_v, y, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( z_v, z, AcceleratorWrite);
+#if 0
+  typedef decltype(innerProductD(x_v[0],y_v[0])) inner_t;
+  Vector<inner_t> inner_tmp(sites);
+  auto inner_tmp_v = &inner_tmp[0];
+
+  accelerator_for( ss, sites, nsimd,{
+      auto tmp = a*x_v(ss)+b*y_v(ss);
+      coalescedWrite(inner_tmp_v[ss],innerProductD(tmp,tmp));
+      coalescedWrite(z_v[ss],tmp);
+  });
+  nrm = real(TensorRemove(sum(inner_tmp_v,sites)));
+#else
   typedef decltype(innerProduct(x_v[0],y_v[0])) inner_t;
   Vector<inner_t> inner_tmp(sites);
   auto inner_tmp_v = &inner_tmp[0];
@@ -193,21 +341,7 @@ axpby_norm_fast(Lattice<vobj> &z,sobj a,sobj b,const Lattice<vobj> &x,const Latt
       coalescedWrite(inner_tmp_v[ss],innerProduct(tmp,tmp));
       coalescedWrite(z_v[ss],tmp);
   });
-
-  nrm = real(TensorRemove(sumD_gpu(inner_tmp_v,sites)));
-#else
-  // CPU 
-  typedef decltype(innerProductD(x_v[0],y_v[0])) inner_t;
-  Vector<inner_t> inner_tmp(sites);
-  auto inner_tmp_v = &inner_tmp[0];
-  
-  accelerator_for( ss, sites, nsimd,{
-      auto tmp = a*x_v(ss)+b*y_v(ss);
-      inner_tmp_v[ss]=innerProductD(tmp,tmp);
-      z_v[ss]=tmp;
-  });
-  // Already promoted to double
-  nrm = real(TensorRemove(sum(inner_tmp_v,sites)));
+  nrm = real(TensorRemove(sumD(inner_tmp_v,sites)));
 #endif
   grid->GlobalSum(nrm);
   return nrm; 
@@ -218,53 +352,34 @@ innerProductNorm(ComplexD& ip, RealD &nrm, const Lattice<vobj> &left,const Latti
 {
   conformable(left,right);
 
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_typeD vector_type;
   Vector<ComplexD> tmp(2);
 
   GridBase *grid = left.Grid();
 
-  auto left_v=left.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto right_v=right.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-
   const uint64_t nsimd = grid->Nsimd();
   const uint64_t sites = grid->oSites();
 
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
   // GPU
-  typedef decltype(innerProduct(left_v[0],right_v[0])) inner_t;
-  typedef decltype(innerProduct(left_v[0],left_v[0])) norm_t;
+  typedef decltype(innerProductD(vobj(),vobj())) inner_t;
+  typedef decltype(innerProductD(vobj(),vobj())) norm_t;
   Vector<inner_t> inner_tmp(sites);
-  Vector<norm_t> norm_tmp(sites);
+  Vector<norm_t>  norm_tmp(sites);
   auto inner_tmp_v = &inner_tmp[0];
   auto norm_tmp_v = &norm_tmp[0];
+  {
+    autoView(left_v,left, AcceleratorRead);
+    autoView(right_v,right,AcceleratorRead);
+    accelerator_for( ss, sites, 1,{
+	auto left_tmp = left_v[ss];
+	inner_tmp_v[ss]=innerProductD(left_tmp,right_v[ss]);
+        norm_tmp_v [ss]=innerProductD(left_tmp,left_tmp);
+      });
+  }
 
-  accelerator_for( ss, sites, nsimd,{
-      auto left_tmp = left_v(ss);
-      coalescedWrite(inner_tmp_v[ss],innerProduct(left_tmp,right_v(ss)));
-      coalescedWrite(norm_tmp_v[ss],innerProduct(left_tmp,left_tmp));
-  });
-
-  tmp[0] = TensorRemove(sumD_gpu(inner_tmp_v,sites));
-  tmp[1] = TensorRemove(sumD_gpu(norm_tmp_v,sites));
-#else
-  // CPU
-  typedef decltype(innerProductD(left_v[0],right_v[0])) inner_t;
-  typedef decltype(innerProductD(left_v[0],left_v[0])) norm_t;
-  Vector<inner_t> inner_tmp(sites);
-  Vector<norm_t> norm_tmp(sites);
-  auto inner_tmp_v = &inner_tmp[0];
-  auto norm_tmp_v = &norm_tmp[0];
-
-  accelerator_for( ss, sites, nsimd,{
-      auto left_tmp = left_v(ss);
-      inner_tmp_v[ss] = innerProductD(left_tmp,right_v(ss));
-      norm_tmp_v[ss] = innerProductD(left_tmp,left_tmp);
-  });
-  // Already promoted to double
   tmp[0] = TensorRemove(sum(inner_tmp_v,sites));
   tmp[1] = TensorRemove(sum(norm_tmp_v,sites));
-#endif
+
   grid->GlobalSumVector(&tmp[0],2); // keep norm Complex -> can use GlobalSumVector
   ip = tmp[0];
   nrm = real(tmp[1]);
@@ -307,6 +422,7 @@ template<class vobj> inline void sliceSum(const Lattice<vobj> &Data,std::vector<
   // But easily avoided by using double precision fields
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_object::scalar_type scalar_type;
   GridBase  *grid = Data.Grid();
   assert(grid!=NULL);
 
@@ -335,7 +451,7 @@ template<class vobj> inline void sliceSum(const Lattice<vobj> &Data,std::vector<
 
   // sum over reduced dimension planes, breaking out orthog dir
   // Parallel over orthog direction
-  auto Data_v=Data.View();
+  autoView( Data_v, Data, CpuRead);
   thread_for( r,rd, {
     int so=r*grid->_ostride[orthogdim]; // base offset for start of plane 
     for(int n=0;n<e1;n++){
@@ -365,20 +481,27 @@ template<class vobj> inline void sliceSum(const Lattice<vobj> &Data,std::vector<
   }
   
   // sum over nodes.
-  sobj gsum;
   for(int t=0;t<fd;t++){
     int pt = t/ld; // processor plane
     int lt = t%ld;
     if ( pt == grid->_processor_coor[orthogdim] ) {
-      gsum=lsSum[lt];
+      result[t]=lsSum[lt];
     } else {
-      gsum=Zero();
+      result[t]=Zero();
     }
 
-    grid->GlobalSum(gsum);
-
-    result[t]=gsum;
   }
+  scalar_type * ptr = (scalar_type *) &result[0];
+  int words = fd*sizeof(sobj)/sizeof(scalar_type);
+  grid->GlobalSumVector(ptr, words);
+}
+template<class vobj> inline
+std::vector<typename vobj::scalar_object> 
+sliceSum(const Lattice<vobj> &Data,int orthogdim)
+{
+  std::vector<typename vobj::scalar_object> result;
+  sliceSum(Data,result,orthogdim);
+  return result;
 }
 
 template<class vobj>
@@ -413,8 +536,8 @@ static void sliceInnerProductVector( std::vector<ComplexD> & result, const Latti
   int e2=    grid->_slice_block [orthogdim];
   int stride=grid->_slice_stride[orthogdim];
 
-  auto lhv=lhs.View();
-  auto rhv=rhs.View();
+  autoView( lhv, lhs, CpuRead);
+  autoView( rhv, rhs, CpuRead);
   thread_for( r,rd,{
 
     int so=r*grid->_ostride[orthogdim]; // base offset for start of plane 
@@ -484,7 +607,8 @@ static void sliceNorm (std::vector<RealD> &sn,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,int Ortho
 template<class vobj>
 static void sliceMaddVector(Lattice<vobj> &R,std::vector<RealD> &a,const Lattice<vobj> &X,const Lattice<vobj> &Y,
 			    int orthogdim,RealD scale=1.0) 
-{    
+{
+  // perhaps easier to just promote A to a field and use regular madd
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
@@ -515,20 +639,17 @@ static void sliceMaddVector(Lattice<vobj> &R,std::vector<RealD> &a,const Lattice
     for(int l=0;l<Nsimd;l++){
       grid->iCoorFromIindex(icoor,l);
       int ldx =r+icoor[orthogdim]*rd;
-      scalar_type *as =(scalar_type *)&av;
-      as[l] = scalar_type(a[ldx])*zscale;
+      av.putlane(scalar_type(a[ldx])*zscale,l);
     }
 
     tensor_reduced at; at=av;
 
-    auto Rv=R.View();
-    auto Xv=X.View();
-    auto Yv=Y.View();
-    thread_for_collapse(2, n, e1, {
-      for(int b=0;b<e2;b++){
+    autoView( Rv, R, CpuWrite);
+    autoView( Xv, X, CpuRead);
+    autoView( Yv, Y, CpuRead);
+    thread_for2d( n, e1, b,e2, {
 	int ss= so+n*stride+b;
 	Rv[ss] = at*Xv[ss]+Yv[ss];
-      }
     });
   }
 };
@@ -558,7 +679,6 @@ template<class vobj>
 static void sliceMaddMatrix (Lattice<vobj> &R,Eigen::MatrixXcd &aa,const Lattice<vobj> &X,const Lattice<vobj> &Y,int Orthog,RealD scale=1.0) 
 {    
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
 
   int Nblock = X.Grid()->GlobalDimensions()[Orthog];
@@ -581,9 +701,9 @@ static void sliceMaddMatrix (Lattice<vobj> &R,Eigen::MatrixXcd &aa,const Lattice
   int nblock=FullGrid->_slice_nblock[Orthog];
   int ostride=FullGrid->_ostride[Orthog];
 
-  auto X_v=X.View();
-  auto Y_v=Y.View();
-  auto R_v=R.View();
+  autoView( X_v, X, CpuRead);
+  autoView( Y_v, Y, CpuRead);
+  autoView( R_v, R, CpuWrite);
   thread_region
   {
     Vector<vobj> s_x(Nblock);
@@ -612,7 +732,6 @@ template<class vobj>
 static void sliceMulMatrix (Lattice<vobj> &R,Eigen::MatrixXcd &aa,const Lattice<vobj> &X,int Orthog,RealD scale=1.0) 
 {    
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
 
   int Nblock = X.Grid()->GlobalDimensions()[Orthog];
@@ -628,13 +747,14 @@ static void sliceMulMatrix (Lattice<vobj> &R,Eigen::MatrixXcd &aa,const Lattice<
   //  int nl=1;
 
   //FIXME package in a convenient iterator
+  // thread_for2d_in_region
   //Should loop over a plane orthogonal to direction "Orthog"
   int stride=FullGrid->_slice_stride[Orthog];
   int block =FullGrid->_slice_block [Orthog];
   int nblock=FullGrid->_slice_nblock[Orthog];
   int ostride=FullGrid->_ostride[Orthog];
-  auto R_v = R.View();
-  auto X_v = X.View();
+  autoView( R_v, R, CpuWrite);
+  autoView( X_v, X, CpuRead);
   thread_region
   {
     std::vector<vobj> s_x(Nblock);
@@ -665,7 +785,6 @@ template<class vobj>
 static void sliceInnerProductMatrix(  Eigen::MatrixXcd &mat, const Lattice<vobj> &lhs,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs,int Orthog) 
 {
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
-  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
   typedef typename vobj::vector_type vector_type;
   
   GridBase *FullGrid  = lhs.Grid();
@@ -692,8 +811,8 @@ static void sliceInnerProductMatrix(  Eigen::MatrixXcd &mat, const Lattice<vobj>
 
   typedef typename vobj::vector_typeD vector_typeD;
 
-  auto lhs_v=lhs.View();
-  auto rhs_v=rhs.View();
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, CpuRead);
+  autoView( rhs_v, rhs, CpuRead);
   thread_region
   {
     std::vector<vobj> Left(Nblock);

Grid/lattice/Lattice_reduction_gpu.h

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
-#define WARP_SIZE 32
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+extern hipDeviceProp_t *gpu_props;
+#define WARP_SIZE 64
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
 extern cudaDeviceProp *gpu_props;
+#define WARP_SIZE 32
+#endif
+
 __device__ unsigned int retirementCount = 0;
 
 template <class Iterator>
@@ -16,23 +23,27 @@ unsigned int nextPow2(Iterator x) {
 }
 
 template <class Iterator>
-void getNumBlocksAndThreads(const Iterator n, const size_t sizeofsobj, Iterator &threads, Iterator &blocks) {
+int getNumBlocksAndThreads(const Iterator n, const size_t sizeofsobj, Iterator &threads, Iterator &blocks) {
   
   int device;
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
   cudaGetDevice(&device);
+#endif
+#ifdef GRID_HIP
+  hipGetDevice(&device);
+#endif
   
   Iterator warpSize            = gpu_props[device].warpSize;
   Iterator sharedMemPerBlock   = gpu_props[device].sharedMemPerBlock;
   Iterator maxThreadsPerBlock  = gpu_props[device].maxThreadsPerBlock;
   Iterator multiProcessorCount = gpu_props[device].multiProcessorCount;
-  
+  /*  
   std::cout << GridLogDebug << "GPU has:" << std::endl;
   std::cout << GridLogDebug << "\twarpSize            = " << warpSize << std::endl;
   std::cout << GridLogDebug << "\tsharedMemPerBlock   = " << sharedMemPerBlock << std::endl;
   std::cout << GridLogDebug << "\tmaxThreadsPerBlock  = " << maxThreadsPerBlock << std::endl;
-  std::cout << GridLogDebug << "\tmaxThreadsPerBlock  = " << warpSize << std::endl;
   std::cout << GridLogDebug << "\tmultiProcessorCount = " << multiProcessorCount << std::endl;
-  
+  */  
   if (warpSize != WARP_SIZE) {
     std::cout << GridLogError << "The warp size of the GPU in use does not match the warp size set when compiling Grid." << std::endl;
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
@@ -40,10 +51,14 @@ void getNumBlocksAndThreads(const Iterator n, const size_t sizeofsobj, Iterator
   
   // let the number of threads in a block be a multiple of 2, starting from warpSize
   threads = warpSize;
+  if ( threads*sizeofsobj > sharedMemPerBlock ) {
+    std::cout << GridLogError << "The object is too large for the shared memory." << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+  }
   while( 2*threads*sizeofsobj < sharedMemPerBlock && 2*threads <= maxThreadsPerBlock ) threads *= 2;
   // keep all the streaming multiprocessors busy
   blocks = nextPow2(multiProcessorCount);
-  
+  return 1;
 }
 
 template <class sobj, class Iterator>
@@ -53,7 +68,7 @@ __device__ void reduceBlock(volatile sobj *sdata, sobj mySum, const Iterator tid
   
   // cannot use overloaded operators for sobj as they are not volatile-qualified
   memcpy((void *)&sdata[tid], (void *)&mySum, sizeof(sobj));
-  __syncwarp();
+  acceleratorSynchronise();
   
   const Iterator VEC = WARP_SIZE;
   const Iterator vid = tid & (VEC-1);
@@ -67,9 +82,9 @@ __device__ void reduceBlock(volatile sobj *sdata, sobj mySum, const Iterator tid
       beta += temp;
       memcpy((void *)&sdata[tid], (void *)&beta, sizeof(sobj));
     }
-    __syncwarp();
+    acceleratorSynchronise();
   }
-  __syncthreads();
+  acceleratorSynchroniseAll();
   
   if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
     beta  = Zero();
@@ -79,7 +94,7 @@ __device__ void reduceBlock(volatile sobj *sdata, sobj mySum, const Iterator tid
     }
     memcpy((void *)&sdata[0], (void *)&beta, sizeof(sobj));
   }
-  __syncthreads();
+  acceleratorSynchroniseAll();
 }
 
 
@@ -147,7 +162,7 @@ __global__ void reduceKernel(const vobj *lat, sobj *buffer, Iterator n) {
     sobj *smem = (sobj *)shmem_pointer;
     
     // wait until all outstanding memory instructions in this thread are finished
-    __threadfence();
+    acceleratorFence();
     
     if (tid==0) {
       unsigned int ticket = atomicInc(&retirementCount, gridDim.x);
@@ -156,8 +171,8 @@ __global__ void reduceKernel(const vobj *lat, sobj *buffer, Iterator n) {
     }
     
     // each thread must read the correct value of amLast
-    __syncthreads();
-    
+    acceleratorSynchroniseAll();
+
     if (amLast) {
       // reduce buffer[0], ..., buffer[gridDim.x-1]
       Iterator i = tid;
@@ -183,7 +198,7 @@ __global__ void reduceKernel(const vobj *lat, sobj *buffer, Iterator n) {
 // Possibly promote to double and sum
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 template <class vobj>
-inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_gpu(const vobj *lat, Integer osites) 
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_gpu_small(const vobj *lat, Integer osites) 
 {
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_objectD sobj;
   typedef decltype(lat) Iterator;
@@ -192,23 +207,77 @@ inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_gpu(const vobj *lat, Integer osites)
   Integer size = osites*nsimd;
 
   Integer numThreads, numBlocks;
-  getNumBlocksAndThreads(size, sizeof(sobj), numThreads, numBlocks);
-  Integer smemSize = numThreads * sizeof(sobj);
+  int ok = getNumBlocksAndThreads(size, sizeof(sobj), numThreads, numBlocks);
+  assert(ok);
 
+  Integer smemSize = numThreads * sizeof(sobj);
+  // Move out of UVM
+  // Turns out I had messed up the synchronise after move to compute stream
+  // as running this on the default stream fools the synchronise
+#undef UVM_BLOCK_BUFFER  
+#ifndef UVM_BLOCK_BUFFER  
+  commVector<sobj> buffer(numBlocks);
+  sobj *buffer_v = &buffer[0];
+  sobj result;
+  reduceKernel<<< numBlocks, numThreads, smemSize, computeStream >>>(lat, buffer_v, size);
+  accelerator_barrier();
+  acceleratorCopyFromDevice(buffer_v,&result,sizeof(result));
+#else
   Vector<sobj> buffer(numBlocks);
   sobj *buffer_v = &buffer[0];
-  
-  reduceKernel<<< numBlocks, numThreads, smemSize >>>(lat, buffer_v, size);
-  cudaDeviceSynchronize();
-  
-  cudaError err = cudaGetLastError();
-  if ( cudaSuccess != err ) {
-    printf("Cuda error %s\n",cudaGetErrorString( err ));
-    exit(0);
-  }
-  auto result = buffer_v[0];
+  sobj result;
+  reduceKernel<<< numBlocks, numThreads, smemSize, computeStream >>>(lat, buffer_v, size);
+  accelerator_barrier();
+  result = *buffer_v;
+#endif
   return result;
 }
+
+template <class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_gpu_large(const vobj *lat, Integer osites)
+{
+  typedef typename vobj::vector_type  vector;
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_typeD scalarD;
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_objectD sobj;
+  sobj ret;
+  scalarD *ret_p = (scalarD *)&ret;
+  
+  const int words = sizeof(vobj)/sizeof(vector);
+
+  Vector<vector> buffer(osites);
+  vector *dat = (vector *)lat;
+  vector *buf = &buffer[0];
+  iScalar<vector> *tbuf =(iScalar<vector> *)  &buffer[0];
+  for(int w=0;w<words;w++) {
+
+    accelerator_for(ss,osites,1,{
+	buf[ss] = dat[ss*words+w];
+      });
+      
+    ret_p[w] = sumD_gpu_small(tbuf,osites);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+template <class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_gpu(const vobj *lat, Integer osites)
+{
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_objectD sobj;
+  sobj ret;
+  
+  Integer nsimd= vobj::Nsimd();
+  Integer size = osites*nsimd;
+  Integer numThreads, numBlocks;
+  int ok = getNumBlocksAndThreads(size, sizeof(sobj), numThreads, numBlocks);
+  
+  if ( ok ) {
+    ret = sumD_gpu_small(lat,osites);
+  } else {
+    ret = sumD_gpu_large(lat,osites);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Return as same precision as input performing reduction in double precision though
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -221,6 +290,13 @@ inline typename vobj::scalar_object sum_gpu(const vobj *lat, Integer osites)
   return result;
 }
 
-
+template <class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_object sum_gpu_large(const vobj *lat, Integer osites)
+{
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
+  sobj result;
+  result = sumD_gpu_large(lat,osites);
+  return result;
+}
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/lattice/Lattice_reduction_sycl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Possibly promote to double and sum
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_gpu_tensor(const vobj *lat, Integer osites) 
+{
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_objectD sobjD;
+  sobj *mysum =(sobj *) malloc_shared(sizeof(sobj),*theGridAccelerator);
+  sobj identity; zeroit(identity);
+  sobj ret ; 
+
+  Integer nsimd= vobj::Nsimd();
+  
+  theGridAccelerator->submit([&](cl::sycl::handler &cgh) {
+     auto Reduction = cl::sycl::reduction(mysum,identity,std::plus<>());
+     cgh.parallel_for(cl::sycl::range<1>{osites},
+		      Reduction,
+		      [=] (cl::sycl::id<1> item, auto &sum) {
+      auto osite   = item[0];
+      sum +=Reduce(lat[osite]);
+     });
+   });
+  theGridAccelerator->wait();
+  ret = mysum[0];
+  free(mysum,*theGridAccelerator);
+  sobjD dret; convertType(dret,ret);
+  return dret;
+}
+
+template <class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_gpu_large(const vobj *lat, Integer osites)
+{
+  return sumD_gpu_tensor(lat,osites);
+}
+template <class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_gpu_small(const vobj *lat, Integer osites)
+{
+  return sumD_gpu_large(lat,osites);
+}
+
+template <class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_gpu(const vobj *lat, Integer osites)
+{
+  return sumD_gpu_large(lat,osites);
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Return as same precision as input performing reduction in double precision though
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template <class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_object sum_gpu(const vobj *lat, Integer osites) 
+{
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
+  sobj result;
+  result = sumD_gpu(lat,osites);
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_object sum_gpu_large(const vobj *lat, Integer osites)
+{
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
+  sobj result;
+  result = sumD_gpu_large(lat,osites);
+  return result;
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
+
+/*
+template<class Double> Double svm_reduce(Double *vec,uint64_t L)
+{
+  Double sumResult; zeroit(sumResult);
+  Double *d_sum =(Double *)cl::sycl::malloc_shared(sizeof(Double),*theGridAccelerator);
+  Double identity;  zeroit(identity);
+  theGridAccelerator->submit([&](cl::sycl::handler &cgh) {
+     auto Reduction = cl::sycl::reduction(d_sum,identity,std::plus<>());
+     cgh.parallel_for(cl::sycl::range<1>{L},
+		      Reduction,
+		      [=] (cl::sycl::id<1> index, auto &sum) {
+	 sum +=vec[index];
+     });
+   });
+  theGridAccelerator->wait();
+  Double ret = d_sum[0];
+  free(d_sum,*theGridAccelerator);
+  std::cout << " svm_reduce finished "<<L<<" sites sum = " << ret <<std::endl;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+template <class vobj>
+inline typename vobj::scalar_objectD sumD_gpu_repack(const vobj *lat, Integer osites)
+{
+  typedef typename vobj::vector_type  vector;
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_type  scalar;
+
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_typeD scalarD;
+  typedef typename vobj::scalar_objectD sobjD;
+
+  sobjD ret;
+  scalarD *ret_p = (scalarD *)&ret;
+  
+  const int nsimd = vobj::Nsimd();
+  const int words = sizeof(vobj)/sizeof(vector);
+
+  Vector<scalar> buffer(osites*nsimd);
+  scalar *buf = &buffer[0];
+  vector *dat = (vector *)lat;
+
+  for(int w=0;w<words;w++) {
+
+    accelerator_for(ss,osites,nsimd,{
+	int lane = acceleratorSIMTlane(nsimd);
+	buf[ss*nsimd+lane] = dat[ss*words+w].getlane(lane);
+    });
+    //Precision change at this point is to late to gain precision
+    ret_p[w] = svm_reduce(buf,nsimd*osites);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+*/

Grid/lattice/Lattice_rng.h

@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ public:
     int osites = _grid->oSites();  // guaranteed to be <= l.Grid()->oSites() by a factor multiplicity
     int words  = sizeof(scalar_object) / sizeof(scalar_type);
 
-    auto l_v = l.View();
+    autoView(l_v, l, CpuWrite);
     thread_for( ss, osites, {
       ExtractBuffer<scalar_object> buf(Nsimd);
       for (int m = 0; m < multiplicity; m++) {  // Draw from same generator multiplicity times
@@ -424,9 +424,33 @@ public:
     // MT implementation does not implement fast discard even though
     // in principle this is possible
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#if 1
+    thread_for( lidx, _grid->lSites(), {
 
+	int gidx;
+	int o_idx;
+	int i_idx;
+	int rank;
+	Coordinate pcoor;
+	Coordinate lcoor;
+	Coordinate gcoor;
+	_grid->LocalIndexToLocalCoor(lidx,lcoor);
+	pcoor=_grid->ThisProcessorCoor();
+	_grid->ProcessorCoorLocalCoorToGlobalCoor(pcoor,lcoor,gcoor);
+	_grid->GlobalCoorToGlobalIndex(gcoor,gidx);
+
+	_grid->GlobalCoorToRankIndex(rank,o_idx,i_idx,gcoor);
+
+	assert(rank == _grid->ThisRank() );
+	
+	int l_idx=generator_idx(o_idx,i_idx);
+	_generators[l_idx] = master_engine;
+	Skip(_generators[l_idx],gidx); // Skip to next RNG sequence
+    });
+#else
     // Everybody loops over global volume.
     thread_for( gidx, _grid->_gsites, {
+
 	// Where is it?
 	int rank;
 	int o_idx;
@@ -443,6 +467,7 @@ public:
 	  Skip(_generators[l_idx],gidx); // Skip to next RNG sequence
 	}
     });
+#endif
 #else 
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // Machine and thread decomposition dependent seeding is efficient
@@ -461,8 +486,8 @@ public:
     }
 
     {
-      // Obtain one reseeded generator per thread
-      int Nthread = GridThread::GetThreads();
+      // Obtain one reseeded generator per thread      
+      int Nthread = 32; // Hardwire a good level or parallelism
       std::vector<RngEngine> seeders(Nthread);
       for(int t=0;t<Nthread;t++){
 	seeders[t] = Reseed(master_engine);

Grid/lattice/Lattice_trace.h

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ template<class vobj>
 inline auto trace(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs)  -> Lattice<decltype(trace(vobj()))>
 {
   Lattice<decltype(trace(vobj()))> ret(lhs.Grid());
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
+  autoView(ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView(lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), vobj::Nsimd(), {
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss], trace(lhs_v(ss)));
   });
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ template<int Index,class vobj>
 inline auto TraceIndex(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs) -> Lattice<decltype(traceIndex<Index>(vobj()))>
 {
   Lattice<decltype(traceIndex<Index>(vobj()))> ret(lhs.Grid());
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
+  autoView( ret_v , ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for( ss, lhs_v.size(), vobj::Nsimd(), {
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss], traceIndex<Index>(lhs_v(ss)));
   });

Grid/lattice/Lattice_transfer.h

@@ -47,11 +47,12 @@ inline void subdivides(GridBase *coarse,GridBase *fine)
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // remove and insert a half checkerboard
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-template<class vobj> inline void pickCheckerboard(int cb,Lattice<vobj> &half,const Lattice<vobj> &full){
+template<class vobj> inline void pickCheckerboard(int cb,Lattice<vobj> &half,const Lattice<vobj> &full)
+{
   half.Checkerboard() = cb;
 
-  auto half_v = half.View();
-  auto full_v = full.View();
+  autoView( half_v, half, CpuWrite);
+  autoView( full_v, full, CpuRead);
   thread_for(ss, full.Grid()->oSites(),{
     int cbos;
     Coordinate coor;
@@ -64,11 +65,11 @@ template<class vobj> inline void pickCheckerboard(int cb,Lattice<vobj> &half,con
     }
   });
 }
-
-template<class vobj> inline void setCheckerboard(Lattice<vobj> &full,const Lattice<vobj> &half){
+template<class vobj> inline void setCheckerboard(Lattice<vobj> &full,const Lattice<vobj> &half)
+{
   int cb = half.Checkerboard();
-  auto half_v = half.View();
-  auto full_v = full.View();
+  autoView( half_v , half, CpuRead);
+  autoView( full_v , full, CpuWrite);
   thread_for(ss,full.Grid()->oSites(),{
 
     Coordinate coor;
@@ -84,6 +85,76 @@ template<class vobj> inline void setCheckerboard(Lattice<vobj> &full,const Latti
   });
 }
 
+template<class vobj> inline void acceleratorPickCheckerboard(int cb,Lattice<vobj> &half,const Lattice<vobj> &full, int checker_dim_half=0)
+{
+  half.Checkerboard() = cb;
+  autoView(half_v, half, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView(full_v, full, AcceleratorRead);
+  Coordinate rdim_full             = full.Grid()->_rdimensions;
+  Coordinate rdim_half             = half.Grid()->_rdimensions;
+  unsigned long ndim_half          = half.Grid()->_ndimension;
+  Coordinate checker_dim_mask_half = half.Grid()->_checker_dim_mask;
+  Coordinate ostride_half          = half.Grid()->_ostride;
+  accelerator_for(ss, full.Grid()->oSites(),full.Grid()->Nsimd(),{
+    
+    Coordinate coor;
+    int cbos;
+    int linear=0;
+
+    Lexicographic::CoorFromIndex(coor,ss,rdim_full);
+    assert(coor.size()==ndim_half);
+
+    for(int d=0;d<ndim_half;d++){ 
+      if(checker_dim_mask_half[d]) linear += coor[d];
+    }
+    cbos = (linear&0x1);
+
+    if (cbos==cb) {
+      int ssh=0;
+      for(int d=0;d<ndim_half;d++) {
+        if (d == checker_dim_half) ssh += ostride_half[d] * ((coor[d] / 2) % rdim_half[d]);
+        else ssh += ostride_half[d] * (coor[d] % rdim_half[d]);
+      }
+      coalescedWrite(half_v[ssh],full_v(ss));
+    }
+  });
+}
+template<class vobj> inline void acceleratorSetCheckerboard(Lattice<vobj> &full,const Lattice<vobj> &half, int checker_dim_half=0)
+{
+  int cb = half.Checkerboard();
+  autoView(half_v , half, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView(full_v , full, AcceleratorWrite);
+  Coordinate rdim_full             = full.Grid()->_rdimensions;
+  Coordinate rdim_half             = half.Grid()->_rdimensions;
+  unsigned long ndim_half          = half.Grid()->_ndimension;
+  Coordinate checker_dim_mask_half = half.Grid()->_checker_dim_mask;
+  Coordinate ostride_half          = half.Grid()->_ostride;
+  accelerator_for(ss,full.Grid()->oSites(),full.Grid()->Nsimd(),{
+
+    Coordinate coor;
+    int cbos;
+    int linear=0;
+  
+    Lexicographic::CoorFromIndex(coor,ss,rdim_full);
+    assert(coor.size()==ndim_half);
+
+    for(int d=0;d<ndim_half;d++){ 
+      if(checker_dim_mask_half[d]) linear += coor[d];
+    }
+    cbos = (linear&0x1);
+
+    if (cbos==cb) {
+      int ssh=0;
+      for(int d=0;d<ndim_half;d++){
+        if (d == checker_dim_half) ssh += ostride_half[d] * ((coor[d] / 2) % rdim_half[d]);
+        else ssh += ostride_half[d] * (coor[d] % rdim_half[d]);
+      }
+      coalescedWrite(full_v[ss],half_v(ssh));
+    }
+
+  });
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Flexible Type Conversion for internal promotion to double as well as graceful
 // treatment of scalar-compatible types
@@ -96,38 +167,52 @@ accelerator_inline void convertType(ComplexF & out, const std::complex<float> &
   out = in;
 }
 
-#ifdef __CUDA_ARCH__
+template<typename T>
+accelerator_inline EnableIf<isGridFundamental<T>> convertType(T & out, const T & in) {
+  out = in;
+}
+
+// This would allow for conversions between GridFundamental types, but is not strictly needed as yet
+/*template<typename T1, typename T2>
+accelerator_inline typename std::enable_if<isGridFundamental<T1>::value && isGridFundamental<T2>::value>::type
+// Or to make this very broad, conversions between anything that's not a GridTensor could be allowed
+//accelerator_inline typename std::enable_if<!isGridTensor<T1>::value && !isGridTensor<T2>::value>::type
+convertType(T1 & out, const T2 & in) {
+  out = in;
+}*/
+
+#ifdef GRID_SIMT
 accelerator_inline void convertType(vComplexF & out, const ComplexF & in) {
-  ((ComplexF*)&out)[SIMTlane(vComplexF::Nsimd())] = in;
+  ((ComplexF*)&out)[acceleratorSIMTlane(vComplexF::Nsimd())] = in;
 }
 accelerator_inline void convertType(vComplexD & out, const ComplexD & in) {
-  ((ComplexD*)&out)[SIMTlane(vComplexD::Nsimd())] = in;
+  ((ComplexD*)&out)[acceleratorSIMTlane(vComplexD::Nsimd())] = in;
 }
 accelerator_inline void convertType(vComplexD2 & out, const ComplexD & in) {
-  ((ComplexD*)&out)[SIMTlane(vComplexD::Nsimd()*2)] = in;
+  ((ComplexD*)&out)[acceleratorSIMTlane(vComplexD::Nsimd()*2)] = in;
 }
 #endif
 
 accelerator_inline void convertType(vComplexF & out, const vComplexD2 & in) {
-  out.v = Optimization::PrecisionChange::DtoS(in._internal[0].v,in._internal[1].v);
+  precisionChange(out,in);
 }
 
 accelerator_inline void convertType(vComplexD2 & out, const vComplexF & in) {
-  Optimization::PrecisionChange::StoD(in.v,out._internal[0].v,out._internal[1].v);
+  precisionChange(out,in);
 }
 
-template<typename T1,typename T2,int N>
-  accelerator_inline void convertType(iMatrix<T1,N> & out, const iMatrix<T2,N> & in);
-template<typename T1,typename T2,int N>
-  accelerator_inline void convertType(iVector<T1,N> & out, const iVector<T2,N> & in);
+template<typename T1,typename T2>
+accelerator_inline void convertType(iScalar<T1> & out, const iScalar<T2> & in) {
+  convertType(out._internal,in._internal);
+}
 
-template<typename T1,typename T2, typename std::enable_if<!isGridScalar<T1>::value, T1>::type* = nullptr>
-accelerator_inline void convertType(T1 & out, const iScalar<T2> & in) {
+template<typename T1,typename T2>
+accelerator_inline NotEnableIf<isGridScalar<T1>> convertType(T1 & out, const iScalar<T2> & in) {
   convertType(out,in._internal);
 }
 
 template<typename T1,typename T2>
-accelerator_inline void convertType(iScalar<T1> & out, const T2 & in) {
+accelerator_inline NotEnableIf<isGridScalar<T2>> convertType(iScalar<T1> & out, const T2 & in) {
   convertType(out._internal,in);
 }
 
@@ -144,19 +229,13 @@ accelerator_inline void convertType(iVector<T1,N> & out, const iVector<T2,N> & i
     convertType(out._internal[i],in._internal[i]);
 }
 
-template<typename T, typename std::enable_if<isGridFundamental<T>::value, T>::type* = nullptr>
-accelerator_inline void convertType(T & out, const T & in) {
-  out = in;
-}
-
 template<typename T1,typename T2>
 accelerator_inline void convertType(Lattice<T1> & out, const Lattice<T2> & in) {
-  auto out_v = out.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto in_v  = in.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-
+  autoView( out_v , out,AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( in_v  , in ,AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,out_v.size(),T1::Nsimd(),{
       convertType(out_v[ss],in_v(ss));
-    });
+  });
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -164,19 +243,20 @@ accelerator_inline void convertType(Lattice<T1> & out, const Lattice<T2> & in) {
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 template<class vobj>
 inline auto localInnerProductD(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs,const Lattice<vobj> &rhs)
--> Lattice<iScalar<decltype(TensorRemove(innerProductD2(lhs.View()[0],rhs.View()[0])))>>
+-> Lattice<iScalar<decltype(TensorRemove(innerProductD2(lhs.View(CpuRead)[0],rhs.View(CpuRead)[0])))>>
 {
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto rhs_v = rhs.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( lhs_v , lhs, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( rhs_v , rhs, AcceleratorRead);
 
   typedef decltype(TensorRemove(innerProductD2(lhs_v[0],rhs_v[0]))) t_inner;
   Lattice<iScalar<t_inner>> ret(lhs.Grid());
-  auto ret_v = ret.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
 
-  accelerator_for(ss,rhs_v.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
+  {
+    autoView(ret_v, ret,AcceleratorWrite);
+    accelerator_for(ss,rhs_v.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
       convertType(ret_v[ss],innerProductD2(lhs_v(ss),rhs_v(ss)));
     });
-
+  }
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -194,14 +274,13 @@ inline void blockProject(Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis > > &coarseData,
   Lattice<iScalar<CComplex>> ip(coarse);
   Lattice<vobj>     fineDataRed = fineData;
 
-  //  auto fineData_   = fineData.View();
-  auto coarseData_ = coarseData.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto ip_         = ip.AcceleratorView(ViewReadWrite);
+  autoView( coarseData_ , coarseData, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( ip_         , ip,         AcceleratorWrite);
   for(int v=0;v<nbasis;v++) {
     blockInnerProductD(ip,Basis[v],fineDataRed); // ip = <basis|fine>
     accelerator_for( sc, coarse->oSites(), vobj::Nsimd(), {
 	convertType(coarseData_[sc](v),ip_[sc]);
-      });
+    });
 
     // improve numerical stability of projection
     // |fine> = |fine> - <basis|fine> |basis>
@@ -209,68 +288,35 @@ inline void blockProject(Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis > > &coarseData,
     blockZAXPY(fineDataRed,ip,Basis[v],fineDataRed); 
   }
 }
-
-template<class vobj,class CComplex,int nbasis>
-inline void blockProject1(Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis > > &coarseData,
-			 const             Lattice<vobj>   &fineData,
-			 const std::vector<Lattice<vobj> > &Basis)
+template<class vobj,class CComplex,int nbasis,class VLattice>
+inline void batchBlockProject(std::vector<Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis>>> &coarseData,
+                               const std::vector<Lattice<vobj>> &fineData,
+                               const VLattice &Basis)
 {
-  typedef iVector<CComplex,nbasis > coarseSiteData;
-  coarseSiteData elide;
-  typedef decltype(coalescedRead(elide)) ScalarComplex;
-  GridBase * fine  = fineData.Grid();
-  GridBase * coarse= coarseData.Grid();
-  int  _ndimension = coarse->_ndimension;
+  int NBatch = fineData.size();
+  assert(coarseData.size() == NBatch);
 
-  // checks
-  assert( nbasis == Basis.size() );
-  subdivides(coarse,fine); 
-  for(int i=0;i<nbasis;i++){
-    conformable(Basis[i],fineData);
-  }
+  GridBase * fine  = fineData[0].Grid();
+  GridBase * coarse= coarseData[0].Grid();
 
-  Coordinate block_r      (_ndimension);
-  
-  for(int d=0 ; d<_ndimension;d++){
-    block_r[d] = fine->_rdimensions[d] / coarse->_rdimensions[d];
-    assert(block_r[d]*coarse->_rdimensions[d] == fine->_rdimensions[d]);
-  }
-  int blockVol = fine->oSites()/coarse->oSites();
+  Lattice<iScalar<CComplex>> ip(coarse);
+  std::vector<Lattice<vobj>> fineDataCopy = fineData;
 
-  coarseData=Zero();
+  autoView(ip_, ip, AcceleratorWrite);
+  for(int v=0;v<nbasis;v++) {
+    for (int k=0; k<NBatch; k++) {
+      autoView( coarseData_ , coarseData[k], AcceleratorWrite);
+      blockInnerProductD(ip,Basis[v],fineDataCopy[k]); // ip = <basis|fine>
+      accelerator_for( sc, coarse->oSites(), vobj::Nsimd(), {
+        convertType(coarseData_[sc](v),ip_[sc]);
+      });
 
-  auto fineData_   = fineData.View();
-  auto coarseData_ = coarseData.View();
-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  // To make this lock free, loop over coars parallel, and then loop over fine associated with coarse.
-  // Otherwise do fine inner product per site, and make the update atomic
-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  accelerator_for( sci, nbasis*coarse->oSites(), vobj::Nsimd(), {
-
-    auto sc=sci/nbasis;
-    auto i=sci%nbasis;
-    auto Basis_      = Basis[i].View();
-
-    Coordinate coor_c(_ndimension);
-    Lexicographic::CoorFromIndex(coor_c,sc,coarse->_rdimensions);  // Block coordinate
-
-    int sf;
-    decltype(innerProduct(Basis_(sf),fineData_(sf))) reduce=Zero();
-
-    for(int sb=0;sb<blockVol;sb++){
-
-      Coordinate coor_b(_ndimension);
-      Coordinate coor_f(_ndimension);
-
-      Lexicographic::CoorFromIndex(coor_b,sb,block_r);
-      for(int d=0;d<_ndimension;d++) coor_f[d]=coor_c[d]*block_r[d]+coor_b[d];
-      Lexicographic::IndexFromCoor(coor_f,sf,fine->_rdimensions);
-      
-      reduce=reduce+innerProduct(Basis_(sf),fineData_(sf));
+      // improve numerical stability of projection
+      // |fine> = |fine> - <basis|fine> |basis>
+      ip=-ip;
+      blockZAXPY(fineDataCopy[k],ip,Basis[v],fineDataCopy[k]); 
     }
-    coalescedWrite(coarseData_[sc](i),reduce);
-  });
-  return;
+  }
 }
 
 template<class vobj,class vobj2,class CComplex>
@@ -298,10 +344,12 @@ template<class vobj,class vobj2,class CComplex>
     assert(block_r[d]*coarse->_rdimensions[d]==fine->_rdimensions[d]);
   }
 
-  auto fineZ_  = fineZ.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto fineX_  = fineX.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto fineY_  = fineY.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
-  auto coarseA_= coarseA.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  autoView( fineZ_  , fineZ, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( fineX_  , fineX, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( fineY_  , fineY, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( coarseA_, coarseA, AcceleratorRead);
+  Coordinate fine_rdimensions = fine->_rdimensions;
+  Coordinate coarse_rdimensions = coarse->_rdimensions;
 
   accelerator_for(sf, fine->oSites(), CComplex::Nsimd(), {
 
@@ -309,12 +357,12 @@ template<class vobj,class vobj2,class CComplex>
       Coordinate coor_c(_ndimension);
       Coordinate coor_f(_ndimension);
 
-      Lexicographic::CoorFromIndex(coor_f,sf,fine->_rdimensions);
+      Lexicographic::CoorFromIndex(coor_f,sf,fine_rdimensions);
       for(int d=0;d<_ndimension;d++) coor_c[d]=coor_f[d]/block_r[d];
-      Lexicographic::IndexFromCoor(coor_c,sc,coarse->_rdimensions);
+      Lexicographic::IndexFromCoor(coor_c,sc,coarse_rdimensions);
 
       // z = A x + y
-#ifdef __CUDA_ARCH__
+#ifdef GRID_SIMT
       typename vobj2::tensor_reduced::scalar_object cA;
       typename vobj::scalar_object cAx;
 #else
@@ -344,15 +392,16 @@ template<class vobj,class CComplex>
   Lattice<dotp> fine_inner(fine); fine_inner.Checkerboard() = fineX.Checkerboard();
   Lattice<dotp> coarse_inner(coarse);
 
-  auto CoarseInner_  = CoarseInner.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto coarse_inner_ = coarse_inner.AcceleratorView(ViewReadWrite);
-
   // Precision promotion
-  fine_inner = localInnerProductD(fineX,fineY);
+  fine_inner = localInnerProductD<vobj>(fineX,fineY);
   blockSum(coarse_inner,fine_inner);
-  accelerator_for(ss, coarse->oSites(), 1, {
+  {
+    autoView( CoarseInner_  , CoarseInner,AcceleratorWrite);
+    autoView( coarse_inner_ , coarse_inner,AcceleratorRead);
+    accelerator_for(ss, coarse->oSites(), 1, {
       convertType(CoarseInner_[ss], TensorRemove(coarse_inner_[ss]));
     });
+  }
  
 }
 
@@ -370,14 +419,15 @@ inline void blockInnerProduct(Lattice<CComplex> &CoarseInner,
   Lattice<dotp> coarse_inner(coarse);
 
   // Precision promotion?
-  auto CoarseInner_  = CoarseInner.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto coarse_inner_ = coarse_inner.AcceleratorView(ViewReadWrite);
-
   fine_inner = localInnerProduct(fineX,fineY);
   blockSum(coarse_inner,fine_inner);
-  accelerator_for(ss, coarse->oSites(), 1, {
-    CoarseInner_[ss] = coarse_inner_[ss];
-  });
+  {
+    autoView( CoarseInner_  , CoarseInner, AcceleratorWrite);
+    autoView( coarse_inner_ , coarse_inner, AcceleratorRead);
+    accelerator_for(ss, coarse->oSites(), 1, {
+	CoarseInner_[ss] = coarse_inner_[ss];
+    });
+  }
 }
 
 template<class vobj,class CComplex>
@@ -408,16 +458,27 @@ inline void blockSum(Lattice<vobj> &coarseData,const Lattice<vobj> &fineData)
   }
   int blockVol = fine->oSites()/coarse->oSites();
 
-  auto coarseData_ = coarseData.AcceleratorView(ViewReadWrite);
-  auto fineData_   = fineData.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+  // Turn this around to loop threaded over sc and interior loop 
+  // over sf would thread better
+  autoView( coarseData_ , coarseData, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( fineData_   , fineData, AcceleratorRead);
 
+  auto coarseData_p = &coarseData_[0];
+  auto fineData_p = &fineData_[0];
+  
+  Coordinate fine_rdimensions = fine->_rdimensions;
+  Coordinate coarse_rdimensions = coarse->_rdimensions;
+
+  vobj zz = Zero();
+  
   accelerator_for(sc,coarse->oSites(),1,{
 
       // One thread per sub block
       Coordinate coor_c(_ndimension);
-      Lexicographic::CoorFromIndex(coor_c,sc,coarse->_rdimensions);  // Block coordinate
-      coarseData_[sc]=Zero();
+      Lexicographic::CoorFromIndex(coor_c,sc,coarse_rdimensions);  // Block coordinate
 
+      vobj cd = zz;
+      
       for(int sb=0;sb<blockVol;sb++){
 
 	int sf;
@@ -425,11 +486,13 @@ inline void blockSum(Lattice<vobj> &coarseData,const Lattice<vobj> &fineData)
 	Coordinate coor_f(_ndimension);
 	Lexicographic::CoorFromIndex(coor_b,sb,block_r);               // Block sub coordinate
 	for(int d=0;d<_ndimension;d++) coor_f[d]=coor_c[d]*block_r[d] + coor_b[d];
-	Lexicographic::IndexFromCoor(coor_f,sf,fine->_rdimensions);
+	Lexicographic::IndexFromCoor(coor_f,sf,fine_rdimensions);
 
-	coarseData_[sc]=coarseData_[sc]+fineData_[sf];
+	cd=cd+fineData_p[sf];
       }
 
+      coarseData_p[sc] = cd;
+
     });
   return;
 }
@@ -510,8 +573,8 @@ inline void blockPromote(const Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis > > &coarseData,
   for(int d=0 ; d<_ndimension;d++){
     block_r[d] = fine->_rdimensions[d] / coarse->_rdimensions[d];
   }
-  auto fineData_   = fineData.View();
-  auto coarseData_ = coarseData.View();
+  autoView( fineData_   , fineData, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( coarseData_ , coarseData, AcceleratorRead);
 
   // Loop with a cache friendly loop ordering
   accelerator_for(sf,fine->oSites(),1,{
@@ -524,7 +587,7 @@ inline void blockPromote(const Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis > > &coarseData,
     Lexicographic::IndexFromCoor(coor_c,sc,coarse->_rdimensions);
 
     for(int i=0;i<nbasis;i++) {
-      auto basis_ = Basis[i].View();
+      /*      auto basis_ = Basis[i],  );*/
       if(i==0) fineData_[sf]=coarseData_[sc](i) *basis_[sf]);
       else     fineData_[sf]=fineData_[sf]+coarseData_[sc](i)*basis_[sf]);
     }
@@ -543,12 +606,39 @@ inline void blockPromote(const Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis > > &coarseData,
   fineData=Zero();
   for(int i=0;i<nbasis;i++) {
     Lattice<iScalar<CComplex> > ip = PeekIndex<0>(coarseData,i);
-    auto  ip_ =  ip.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+
+    //Lattice<CComplex> cip(coarse);
+    //autoView( cip_ , cip, AcceleratorWrite);
+    //autoView(  ip_ ,  ip, AcceleratorRead);
+    //accelerator_forNB(sc,coarse->oSites(),CComplex::Nsimd(),{
+    //	coalescedWrite(cip_[sc], ip_(sc)());
+    //  });
+    //blockZAXPY<vobj,CComplex >(fineData,cip,Basis[i],fineData);
     blockZAXPY(fineData,ip,Basis[i],fineData);
   }
 }
 #endif
 
+template<class vobj,class CComplex,int nbasis,class VLattice>
+inline void batchBlockPromote(const std::vector<Lattice<iVector<CComplex,nbasis>>> &coarseData,
+                               std::vector<Lattice<vobj>> &fineData,
+                               const VLattice &Basis)
+{
+  int NBatch = coarseData.size();
+  assert(fineData.size() == NBatch);
+
+  GridBase * fine   = fineData[0].Grid();
+  GridBase * coarse = coarseData[0].Grid();
+  for (int k=0; k<NBatch; k++)
+    fineData[k]=Zero();
+  for (int i=0;i<nbasis;i++) {
+    for (int k=0; k<NBatch; k++) {
+      Lattice<iScalar<CComplex>> ip = PeekIndex<0>(coarseData[k],i);
+      blockZAXPY(fineData[k],ip,Basis[i],fineData[k]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 // Useful for precision conversion, or indeed anything where an operator= does a conversion on scalars.
 // Simd layouts need not match since we use peek/poke Local
 template<class vobj,class vvobj>
@@ -571,15 +661,17 @@ void localConvert(const Lattice<vobj> &in,Lattice<vvobj> &out)
     assert(ig->lSites() == og->lSites());
   }
 
+  autoView(in_v,in,CpuRead);
+  autoView(out_v,out,CpuWrite);
   thread_for(idx, ig->lSites(),{
     sobj s;
     ssobj ss;
 
     Coordinate lcoor(ni);
     ig->LocalIndexToLocalCoor(idx,lcoor);
-    peekLocalSite(s,in,lcoor);
+    peekLocalSite(s,in_v,lcoor);
     ss=s;
-    pokeLocalSite(ss,out,lcoor);
+    pokeLocalSite(ss,out_v,lcoor);
   });
 }
 
@@ -614,8 +706,9 @@ void localCopyRegion(const Lattice<vobj> &From,Lattice<vobj> & To,Coordinate Fro
   Coordinate rdt = Tg->_rdimensions;
   Coordinate ist = Tg->_istride;
   Coordinate ost = Tg->_ostride;
-  auto t_v = To.AcceleratorView(ViewWrite);
-  auto f_v = From.AcceleratorView(ViewRead);
+
+  autoView( t_v , To, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( f_v , From, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(idx,Fg->lSites(),1,{
     sobj s;
     Coordinate Fcoor(nd);
@@ -633,13 +726,11 @@ void localCopyRegion(const Lattice<vobj> &From,Lattice<vobj> & To,Coordinate Fro
       Integer idx_t = 0; for(int d=0;d<nd;d++) idx_t+=ist[d]*(Tcoor[d]/rdt[d]);
       Integer odx_f = 0; for(int d=0;d<nd;d++) odx_f+=osf[d]*(Fcoor[d]%rdf[d]);
       Integer odx_t = 0; for(int d=0;d<nd;d++) odx_t+=ost[d]*(Tcoor[d]%rdt[d]);
-      scalar_type * fp = (scalar_type *)&f_v[odx_f];
-      scalar_type * tp = (scalar_type *)&t_v[odx_t];
+      vector_type * fp = (vector_type *)&f_v[odx_f];
+      vector_type * tp = (vector_type *)&t_v[odx_t];
       for(int w=0;w<words;w++){
-	tp[idx_t+w*Nsimd] = fp[idx_f+w*Nsimd];  // FIXME IF RRII layout, type pun no worke
+	tp[w].putlane(fp[w].getlane(idx_f),idx_t);
       }
-      //      peekLocalSite(s,From,Fcoor);
-      //      pokeLocalSite(s,To  ,Tcoor);
     }
   });
 }
@@ -670,6 +761,8 @@ void InsertSlice(const Lattice<vobj> &lowDim,Lattice<vobj> & higherDim,int slice
   }
 
   // the above should guarantee that the operations are local
+  autoView(lowDimv,lowDim,CpuRead);
+  autoView(higherDimv,higherDim,CpuWrite);
   thread_for(idx,lg->lSites(),{
     sobj s;
     Coordinate lcoor(nl);
@@ -682,8 +775,8 @@ void InsertSlice(const Lattice<vobj> &lowDim,Lattice<vobj> & higherDim,int slice
 	hcoor[d]=lcoor[ddl++];
       }
     }
-    peekLocalSite(s,lowDim,lcoor);
-    pokeLocalSite(s,higherDim,hcoor);
+    peekLocalSite(s,lowDimv,lcoor);
+    pokeLocalSite(s,higherDimv,hcoor);
   });
 }
 
@@ -711,6 +804,8 @@ void ExtractSlice(Lattice<vobj> &lowDim,const Lattice<vobj> & higherDim,int slic
     }
   }
   // the above should guarantee that the operations are local
+  autoView(lowDimv,lowDim,CpuWrite);
+  autoView(higherDimv,higherDim,CpuRead);
   thread_for(idx,lg->lSites(),{
     sobj s;
     Coordinate lcoor(nl);
@@ -723,8 +818,8 @@ void ExtractSlice(Lattice<vobj> &lowDim,const Lattice<vobj> & higherDim,int slic
 	hcoor[d]=lcoor[ddl++];
       }
     }
-    peekLocalSite(s,higherDim,hcoor);
-    pokeLocalSite(s,lowDim,lcoor);
+    peekLocalSite(s,higherDimv,hcoor);
+    pokeLocalSite(s,lowDimv,lcoor);
   });
 
 }
@@ -752,6 +847,8 @@ void InsertSliceLocal(const Lattice<vobj> &lowDim, Lattice<vobj> & higherDim,int
   }
 
   // the above should guarantee that the operations are local
+  autoView(lowDimv,lowDim,CpuRead);
+  autoView(higherDimv,higherDim,CpuWrite);
   thread_for(idx,lg->lSites(),{
     sobj s;
     Coordinate lcoor(nl);
@@ -760,8 +857,8 @@ void InsertSliceLocal(const Lattice<vobj> &lowDim, Lattice<vobj> & higherDim,int
     if( lcoor[orthog] == slice_lo ) { 
       hcoor=lcoor;
       hcoor[orthog] = slice_hi;
-      peekLocalSite(s,lowDim,lcoor);
-      pokeLocalSite(s,higherDim,hcoor);
+      peekLocalSite(s,lowDimv,lcoor);
+      pokeLocalSite(s,higherDimv,hcoor);
     }
   });
 }
@@ -789,6 +886,8 @@ void ExtractSliceLocal(Lattice<vobj> &lowDim,const Lattice<vobj> & higherDim,int
   }
 
   // the above should guarantee that the operations are local
+  autoView(lowDimv,lowDim,CpuWrite);
+  autoView(higherDimv,higherDim,CpuRead);
   thread_for(idx,lg->lSites(),{
     sobj s;
     Coordinate lcoor(nl);
@@ -797,15 +896,15 @@ void ExtractSliceLocal(Lattice<vobj> &lowDim,const Lattice<vobj> & higherDim,int
     if( lcoor[orthog] == slice_lo ) { 
       hcoor=lcoor;
       hcoor[orthog] = slice_hi;
-      peekLocalSite(s,higherDim,hcoor);
-      pokeLocalSite(s,lowDim,lcoor);
+      peekLocalSite(s,higherDimv,hcoor);
+      pokeLocalSite(s,lowDimv,lcoor);
     }
   });
 }
 
 
 template<class vobj>
-void Replicate(Lattice<vobj> &coarse,Lattice<vobj> & fine)
+void Replicate(const Lattice<vobj> &coarse,Lattice<vobj> & fine)
 {
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
 
@@ -862,7 +961,7 @@ unvectorizeToLexOrdArray(std::vector<sobj> &out, const Lattice<vobj> &in)
   }
 
   //loop over outer index
-  auto in_v  = in.View();
+  autoView( in_v  , in, CpuRead);
   thread_for(in_oidx,in_grid->oSites(),{
     //Assemble vector of pointers to output elements
     ExtractPointerArray<sobj> out_ptrs(in_nsimd);
@@ -955,7 +1054,7 @@ vectorizeFromLexOrdArray( std::vector<sobj> &in, Lattice<vobj> &out)
     icoor[lane].resize(ndim);
     grid->iCoorFromIindex(icoor[lane],lane);
   }
-  auto out_v = out.View();
+  autoView( out_v , out, CpuWrite);
   thread_for(oidx, grid->oSites(),{
     //Assemble vector of pointers to output elements
     ExtractPointerArray<sobj> ptrs(nsimd);
@@ -1030,9 +1129,27 @@ vectorizeFromRevLexOrdArray( std::vector<sobj> &in, Lattice<vobj> &out)
   });
 }
 
-//Convert a Lattice from one precision to another
+//Very fast precision change. Requires in/out objects to reside on same Grid (e.g. by using double2 for the double-precision field)
 template<class VobjOut, class VobjIn>
-void precisionChange(Lattice<VobjOut> &out, const Lattice<VobjIn> &in)
+void precisionChangeFast(Lattice<VobjOut> &out, const Lattice<VobjIn> &in)
+{
+  typedef typename VobjOut::vector_type Vout;
+  typedef typename VobjIn::vector_type Vin;
+  const int N = sizeof(VobjOut)/sizeof(Vout);
+  conformable(out.Grid(),in.Grid());
+  out.Checkerboard() = in.Checkerboard();
+  int nsimd = out.Grid()->Nsimd();
+  autoView( out_v  , out, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView(  in_v ,   in, AcceleratorRead);
+  accelerator_for(idx,out.Grid()->oSites(),1,{
+      Vout *vout = (Vout *)&out_v[idx];
+      Vin  *vin  = (Vin  *)&in_v[idx];
+      precisionChange(vout,vin,N);
+  });
+}
+//Convert a Lattice from one precision to another (original, slow implementation)
+template<class VobjOut, class VobjIn>
+void precisionChangeOrig(Lattice<VobjOut> &out, const Lattice<VobjIn> &in)
 {
   assert(out.Grid()->Nd() == in.Grid()->Nd());
   for(int d=0;d<out.Grid()->Nd();d++){
@@ -1047,7 +1164,7 @@ void precisionChange(Lattice<VobjOut> &out, const Lattice<VobjIn> &in)
 
   int ndim = out.Grid()->Nd();
   int out_nsimd = out_grid->Nsimd();
-    
+  int in_nsimd = in_grid->Nsimd();
   std::vector<Coordinate > out_icoor(out_nsimd);
       
   for(int lane=0; lane < out_nsimd; lane++){
@@ -1058,7 +1175,7 @@ void precisionChange(Lattice<VobjOut> &out, const Lattice<VobjIn> &in)
   std::vector<SobjOut> in_slex_conv(in_grid->lSites());
   unvectorizeToLexOrdArray(in_slex_conv, in);
     
-  auto out_v = out.View();
+  autoView( out_v , out, CpuWrite);
   thread_for(out_oidx,out_grid->oSites(),{
     Coordinate out_ocoor(ndim);
     out_grid->oCoorFromOindex(out_ocoor, out_oidx);
@@ -1078,6 +1195,128 @@ void precisionChange(Lattice<VobjOut> &out, const Lattice<VobjIn> &in)
   });
 }
 
+//The workspace for a precision change operation allowing for the reuse of the mapping to save time on subsequent calls
+class precisionChangeWorkspace{
+  std::pair<Integer,Integer>* fmap_device; //device pointer
+  //maintain grids for checking
+  GridBase* _out_grid;
+  GridBase* _in_grid;
+public:
+  precisionChangeWorkspace(GridBase *out_grid, GridBase *in_grid): _out_grid(out_grid), _in_grid(in_grid){
+    //Build a map between the sites and lanes of the output field and the input field as we cannot use the Grids on the device
+    assert(out_grid->Nd() == in_grid->Nd());
+    for(int d=0;d<out_grid->Nd();d++){
+      assert(out_grid->FullDimensions()[d] == in_grid->FullDimensions()[d]);
+    }
+    int Nsimd_out = out_grid->Nsimd();
+
+    std::vector<Coordinate> out_icorrs(out_grid->Nsimd()); //reuse these
+    for(int lane=0; lane < out_grid->Nsimd(); lane++)
+      out_grid->iCoorFromIindex(out_icorrs[lane], lane);
+  
+    std::vector<std::pair<Integer,Integer> > fmap_host(out_grid->lSites()); //lsites = osites*Nsimd
+    thread_for(out_oidx,out_grid->oSites(),{
+	Coordinate out_ocorr; 
+	out_grid->oCoorFromOindex(out_ocorr, out_oidx);
+      
+	Coordinate lcorr; //the local coordinate (common to both in and out as full coordinate)
+	for(int out_lane=0; out_lane < Nsimd_out; out_lane++){
+	  out_grid->InOutCoorToLocalCoor(out_ocorr, out_icorrs[out_lane], lcorr);
+	
+	  //int in_oidx = in_grid->oIndex(lcorr), in_lane = in_grid->iIndex(lcorr);
+	  //Note oIndex and OcorrFromOindex (and same for iIndex) are not inverse for checkerboarded lattice, the former coordinates being defined on the full lattice and the latter on the reduced lattice
+	  //Until this is fixed we need to circumvent the problem locally. Here I will use the coordinates defined on the reduced lattice for simplicity
+	  int in_oidx = 0, in_lane = 0;
+	  for(int d=0;d<in_grid->_ndimension;d++){
+	    in_oidx += in_grid->_ostride[d] * ( lcorr[d] % in_grid->_rdimensions[d] );
+	    in_lane += in_grid->_istride[d] * ( lcorr[d] / in_grid->_rdimensions[d] );
+	  }
+	  fmap_host[out_lane + Nsimd_out*out_oidx] = std::pair<Integer,Integer>( in_oidx, in_lane );
+	}
+      });
+
+    //Copy the map to the device (if we had a way to tell if an accelerator is in use we could avoid this copy for CPU-only machines)
+    size_t fmap_bytes = out_grid->lSites() * sizeof(std::pair<Integer,Integer>);
+    fmap_device = (std::pair<Integer,Integer>*)acceleratorAllocDevice(fmap_bytes);
+    acceleratorCopyToDevice(fmap_host.data(), fmap_device, fmap_bytes); 
+  }
+
+  //Prevent moving or copying
+  precisionChangeWorkspace(const precisionChangeWorkspace &r) = delete;
+  precisionChangeWorkspace(precisionChangeWorkspace &&r) = delete;
+  precisionChangeWorkspace &operator=(const precisionChangeWorkspace &r) = delete;
+  precisionChangeWorkspace &operator=(precisionChangeWorkspace &&r) = delete;
+  
+  std::pair<Integer,Integer> const* getMap() const{ return fmap_device; }
+
+  void checkGrids(GridBase* out, GridBase* in) const{
+    conformable(out, _out_grid);
+    conformable(in, _in_grid);
+  }
+  
+  ~precisionChangeWorkspace(){
+    acceleratorFreeDevice(fmap_device);
+  }
+};
+
+
+//We would like to use precisionChangeFast when possible. However usage of this requires the Grids to be the same (runtime check)
+//*and* the precisionChange(VobjOut::vector_type, VobjIn, int) function to be defined for the types; this requires an extra compile-time check which we do using some SFINAE trickery
+template<class VobjOut, class VobjIn>
+auto _precisionChangeFastWrap(Lattice<VobjOut> &out, const Lattice<VobjIn> &in, int dummy)->decltype( precisionChange( ((typename VobjOut::vector_type*)0), ((typename VobjIn::vector_type*)0), 1), int()){
+  if(out.Grid() == in.Grid()){
+    precisionChangeFast(out,in);
+    return 1;
+  }else{
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+template<class VobjOut, class VobjIn>
+int _precisionChangeFastWrap(Lattice<VobjOut> &out, const Lattice<VobjIn> &in, long dummy){ //note long here is intentional; it means the above is preferred if available
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+//Convert a lattice of one precision to another. Much faster than original implementation but requires a pregenerated workspace
+//which contains the mapping data.
+template<class VobjOut, class VobjIn>
+void precisionChange(Lattice<VobjOut> &out, const Lattice<VobjIn> &in, const precisionChangeWorkspace &workspace){
+  if(_precisionChangeFastWrap(out,in,0)) return;
+  
+  static_assert( std::is_same<typename VobjOut::scalar_typeD, typename VobjIn::scalar_typeD>::value == 1, "precisionChange: tensor types must be the same" ); //if tensor types are same the DoublePrecision type must be the same
+
+  out.Checkerboard() = in.Checkerboard();
+  constexpr int Nsimd_out = VobjOut::Nsimd();
+
+  workspace.checkGrids(out.Grid(),in.Grid());
+  std::pair<Integer,Integer> const* fmap_device = workspace.getMap();
+
+  //Do the copy/precision change
+  autoView( out_v , out, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( in_v , in, AcceleratorRead);
+
+  accelerator_for(out_oidx, out.Grid()->oSites(), 1,{
+      std::pair<Integer,Integer> const* fmap_osite = fmap_device + out_oidx*Nsimd_out;
+      for(int out_lane=0; out_lane < Nsimd_out; out_lane++){      
+	int in_oidx = fmap_osite[out_lane].first;
+	int in_lane = fmap_osite[out_lane].second;
+	copyLane(out_v[out_oidx], out_lane, in_v[in_oidx], in_lane);
+      }
+    });
+}
+
+//Convert a Lattice from one precision to another. Much faster than original implementation but slower than precisionChangeFast
+//or precisionChange called with pregenerated workspace, as it needs to internally generate the workspace on the host and copy to device
+template<class VobjOut, class VobjIn>
+void precisionChange(Lattice<VobjOut> &out, const Lattice<VobjIn> &in){
+  if(_precisionChangeFastWrap(out,in,0)) return;   
+  precisionChangeWorkspace workspace(out.Grid(), in.Grid());
+  precisionChange(out, in, workspace);
+}
+
+
+
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Communicate between grids
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Grid/lattice/Lattice_transpose.h

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 template<class vobj>
 inline Lattice<vobj> transpose(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs){
   Lattice<vobj> ret(lhs.Grid());
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,lhs_v.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss], transpose(lhs_v(ss)));
   });
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ template<int Index,class vobj>
 inline auto TransposeIndex(const Lattice<vobj> &lhs) -> Lattice<decltype(transposeIndex<Index>(vobj()))>
 {
   Lattice<decltype(transposeIndex<Index>(vobj()))> ret(lhs.Grid());
-  auto ret_v = ret.View();
-  auto lhs_v = lhs.View();
+  autoView( ret_v, ret, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( lhs_v, lhs, AcceleratorRead);
   accelerator_for(ss,lhs_v.size(),vobj::Nsimd(),{
     coalescedWrite(ret_v[ss] , transposeIndex<Index>(lhs_v(ss)));
   });

Grid/lattice/Lattice_unary.h

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
 template<class obj> Lattice<obj> pow(const Lattice<obj> &rhs_i,RealD y){
   Lattice<obj> ret_i(rhs_i.Grid());
-  auto rhs = rhs_i.View();
-  auto ret = ret_i.View();
+  autoView( rhs, rhs_i, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret, ret_i, AcceleratorWrite);
   ret.Checkerboard() = rhs.Checkerboard();
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs.size(),1,{
       ret[ss]=pow(rhs[ss],y);
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ template<class obj> Lattice<obj> pow(const Lattice<obj> &rhs_i,RealD y){
 }
 template<class obj> Lattice<obj> mod(const Lattice<obj> &rhs_i,Integer y){
   Lattice<obj> ret_i(rhs_i.Grid());
-  auto rhs = rhs_i.View();
-  auto ret = ret_i.View();
+  autoView( rhs , rhs_i, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret , ret_i, AcceleratorWrite);
   ret.Checkerboard() = rhs.Checkerboard();
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs.size(),obj::Nsimd(),{
     coalescedWrite(ret[ss],mod(rhs(ss),y));
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ template<class obj> Lattice<obj> mod(const Lattice<obj> &rhs_i,Integer y){
 
 template<class obj> Lattice<obj> div(const Lattice<obj> &rhs_i,Integer y){
   Lattice<obj> ret_i(rhs_i.Grid());
-  auto ret = ret_i.View();
-  auto rhs = rhs_i.View();
+  autoView( ret , ret_i, AcceleratorWrite);
+  autoView( rhs , rhs_i, AcceleratorRead);
   ret.Checkerboard() = rhs_i.Checkerboard();
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs.size(),obj::Nsimd(),{
     coalescedWrite(ret[ss],div(rhs(ss),y));
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ template<class obj> Lattice<obj> div(const Lattice<obj> &rhs_i,Integer y){
 
 template<class obj> Lattice<obj> expMat(const Lattice<obj> &rhs_i, RealD alpha, Integer Nexp = DEFAULT_MAT_EXP){
   Lattice<obj> ret_i(rhs_i.Grid());
-  auto rhs = rhs_i.View();
-  auto ret = ret_i.View();
+  autoView( rhs , rhs_i, AcceleratorRead);
+  autoView( ret , ret_i, AcceleratorWrite);
   ret.Checkerboard() = rhs.Checkerboard();
   accelerator_for(ss,rhs.size(),obj::Nsimd(),{
     coalescedWrite(ret[ss],Exponentiate(rhs(ss),alpha, Nexp));

Grid/lattice/Lattice_view.h

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#pragma once
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Base class which can be used by traits to pick up behaviour
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+class LatticeBase {};
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Conformable checks; same instance of Grid required
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+void accelerator_inline conformable(GridBase *lhs,GridBase *rhs)
+{
+  assert(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Minimal base class containing only data valid to access from accelerator
+// _odata will be a managed pointer in CUDA
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Force access to lattice through a view object.
+// prevents writing of code that will not offload to GPU, but perhaps annoyingly
+// strict since host could could in principle direct access through the lattice object
+// Need to decide programming model.
+#define LATTICE_VIEW_STRICT
+template<class vobj> class LatticeAccelerator : public LatticeBase
+{
+protected:
+  //public:
+  GridBase *_grid;
+  int checkerboard;
+  vobj     *_odata;    // A managed pointer
+  uint64_t _odata_size;    
+  ViewAdvise advise;
+public:
+  accelerator_inline LatticeAccelerator() : checkerboard(0), _odata(nullptr), _odata_size(0), _grid(nullptr), advise(AdviseDefault) { }; 
+  accelerator_inline uint64_t oSites(void) const { return _odata_size; };
+  accelerator_inline int  Checkerboard(void) const { return checkerboard; };
+  accelerator_inline int &Checkerboard(void) { return this->checkerboard; }; // can assign checkerboard on a container, not a view
+  accelerator_inline ViewAdvise Advise(void) const { return advise; };
+  accelerator_inline ViewAdvise &Advise(void) { return this->advise; }; // can assign advise on a container, not a view
+  accelerator_inline void Conformable(GridBase * &grid) const
+  { 
+    if (grid) conformable(grid, _grid);
+    else      grid = _grid;
+  };
+  // Host only
+  GridBase * getGrid(void) const { return _grid; };
+};
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// A View class which provides accessor to the data.
+// This will be safe to call from accelerator_for and is trivially copy constructible
+// The copy constructor for this will need to be used by device lambda functions
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<class vobj> 
+class LatticeView : public LatticeAccelerator<vobj>
+{
+public:
+  // Rvalue
+  ViewMode mode;
+  void * cpu_ptr;
+#ifdef GRID_SIMT
+  accelerator_inline const typename vobj::scalar_object operator()(size_t i) const { 
+    return coalescedRead(this->_odata[i]); 
+  }
+#else 
+  accelerator_inline const vobj & operator()(size_t i) const { return this->_odata[i]; }
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+  //  accelerator_inline const vobj & operator[](size_t i) const { return this->_odata[i]; };
+  accelerator_inline vobj       & operator[](size_t i) const { return this->_odata[i]; };
+#else
+  accelerator_inline const vobj & operator[](size_t i) const { return this->_odata[i]; };
+  accelerator_inline vobj       & operator[](size_t i)       { return this->_odata[i]; };
+#endif
+  
+  accelerator_inline uint64_t begin(void) const { return 0;};
+  accelerator_inline uint64_t end(void)   const { return this->_odata_size; };
+  accelerator_inline uint64_t size(void)  const { return this->_odata_size; };
+
+  LatticeView(const LatticeAccelerator<vobj> &refer_to_me) : LatticeAccelerator<vobj> (refer_to_me){}
+  LatticeView(const LatticeView<vobj> &refer_to_me) = default; // Trivially copyable
+  LatticeView(const LatticeAccelerator<vobj> &refer_to_me,ViewMode mode) : LatticeAccelerator<vobj> (refer_to_me)
+  {
+    this->ViewOpen(mode);
+  }
+
+  // Host functions
+  void ViewOpen(ViewMode mode)
+  { // Translate the pointer, could save a copy. Could use a "Handle" and not save _odata originally in base
+    //    std::cout << "View Open"<<std::hex<<this->_odata<<std::dec <<std::endl;
+    this->cpu_ptr = (void *)this->_odata;
+    this->mode    = mode;
+    this->_odata  =(vobj *)
+      MemoryManager::ViewOpen(this->cpu_ptr,
+				this->_odata_size*sizeof(vobj),
+				mode,
+				this->advise);    
+  }
+  void ViewClose(void)
+  { // Inform the manager
+    //    std::cout << "View Close"<<std::hex<<this->cpu_ptr<<std::dec <<std::endl;
+    MemoryManager::ViewClose(this->cpu_ptr,this->mode);    
+  }
+
+};
+// Little autoscope assister
+template<class View> 
+class ViewCloser
+{
+  View v;  // Take a copy of view and call view close when I go out of scope automatically
+ public:
+  ViewCloser(View &_v) : v(_v) {};
+  ~ViewCloser() { v.ViewClose(); }
+};
+
+#define autoView(l_v,l,mode)				\
+	  auto l_v = l.View(mode);			\
+	  ViewCloser<decltype(l_v)> _autoView##l_v(l_v);
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Lattice expression types used by ET to assemble the AST
+// 
+// Need to be able to detect code paths according to the whether a lattice object or not
+// so introduce some trait type things
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+class LatticeExpressionBase {};
+
+template <typename T> using is_lattice = std::is_base_of<LatticeBase, T>;
+template <typename T> using is_lattice_expr = std::is_base_of<LatticeExpressionBase,T >;
+
+template<class T, bool isLattice> struct ViewMapBase { typedef T Type; };
+template<class T>                 struct ViewMapBase<T,true> { typedef LatticeView<typename T::vector_object> Type; };
+template<class T> using ViewMap = ViewMapBase<T,std::is_base_of<LatticeBase, T>::value >;
+
+template <typename Op, typename _T1>                           
+class LatticeUnaryExpression : public  LatticeExpressionBase 
+{
+public:
+  typedef typename ViewMap<_T1>::Type T1;
+  Op op;
+  T1 arg1;
+  LatticeUnaryExpression(Op _op,const _T1 &_arg1) : op(_op), arg1(_arg1) {};
+};
+
+template <typename Op, typename _T1, typename _T2>              
+class LatticeBinaryExpression : public LatticeExpressionBase 
+{
+public:
+  typedef typename ViewMap<_T1>::Type T1;
+  typedef typename ViewMap<_T2>::Type T2;
+  Op op;
+  T1 arg1;
+  T2 arg2;
+  LatticeBinaryExpression(Op _op,const _T1 &_arg1,const _T2 &_arg2) : op(_op), arg1(_arg1), arg2(_arg2) {};
+};
+
+template <typename Op, typename _T1, typename _T2, typename _T3> 
+class LatticeTrinaryExpression : public LatticeExpressionBase 
+{
+public:
+  typedef typename ViewMap<_T1>::Type T1;
+  typedef typename ViewMap<_T2>::Type T2;
+  typedef typename ViewMap<_T3>::Type T3;
+  Op op;
+  T1 arg1;
+  T2 arg2;
+  T3 arg3;
+  LatticeTrinaryExpression(Op _op,const _T1 &_arg1,const _T2 &_arg2,const _T3 &_arg3) : op(_op), arg1(_arg1), arg2(_arg2), arg3(_arg3) {};
+};
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/lattice/Lattice_where.h

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ inline void whereWolf(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<iobj> &predicate,Lattice<
   conformable(iftrue,predicate);
   conformable(iftrue,ret);
 
-  GridBase *grid=iftrue._grid;
+  GridBase *grid=iftrue.Grid();
 
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_object scalar_object;
   typedef typename vobj::scalar_type scalar_type;
@@ -52,22 +52,23 @@ inline void whereWolf(Lattice<vobj> &ret,const Lattice<iobj> &predicate,Lattice<
 
   const int Nsimd = grid->Nsimd();
 
-  std::vector<Integer> mask(Nsimd);
-  std::vector<scalar_object> truevals (Nsimd);
-  std::vector<scalar_object> falsevals(Nsimd);
-
-  parallel_for(int ss=0;ss<iftrue._grid->oSites(); ss++){
-
-    extract(iftrue._odata[ss]   ,truevals);
-    extract(iffalse._odata[ss]  ,falsevals);
-    extract<vInteger,Integer>(TensorRemove(predicate._odata[ss]),mask);
-
-    for(int s=0;s<Nsimd;s++){
-      if (mask[s]) falsevals[s]=truevals[s];
+  autoView(iftrue_v,iftrue,CpuRead);
+  autoView(iffalse_v,iffalse,CpuRead);
+  autoView(predicate_v,predicate,CpuRead);
+  autoView(ret_v,ret,CpuWrite);
+  Integer NN= grid->oSites();
+  thread_for(ss,NN,{
+    Integer mask;
+    scalar_object trueval;
+    scalar_object falseval;
+    for(int l=0;l<Nsimd;l++){
+      trueval =extractLane(l,iftrue_v[ss]);
+      falseval=extractLane(l,iffalse_v[ss]);
+      mask    =extractLane(l,predicate_v[ss]);
+      if (mask) falseval=trueval;
+      insertLane(l,ret_v[ss],falseval);
     }
-
-    merge(ret._odata[ss],falsevals);
-  }
+  });
 }
 
 template<class vobj,class iobj>
@@ -76,9 +77,9 @@ inline Lattice<vobj> whereWolf(const Lattice<iobj> &predicate,Lattice<vobj> &ift
   conformable(iftrue,iffalse);
   conformable(iftrue,predicate);
 
-  Lattice<vobj> ret(iftrue._grid);
+  Lattice<vobj> ret(iftrue.Grid());
 
-  where(ret,predicate,iftrue,iffalse);
+  whereWolf(ret,predicate,iftrue,iffalse);
 
   return ret;
 }

Grid/log/Log.cc

@@ -65,29 +65,40 @@ GridLogger GridLogSolver (1, "Solver", GridLogColours, "NORMAL");
 GridLogger GridLogError  (1, "Error" , GridLogColours, "RED");
 GridLogger GridLogWarning(1, "Warning", GridLogColours, "YELLOW");
 GridLogger GridLogMessage(1, "Message", GridLogColours, "NORMAL");
+GridLogger GridLogMemory (1, "Memory", GridLogColours, "NORMAL");
+GridLogger GridLogTracing(1, "Tracing", GridLogColours, "NORMAL");
 GridLogger GridLogDebug  (1, "Debug", GridLogColours, "PURPLE");
 GridLogger GridLogPerformance(1, "Performance", GridLogColours, "GREEN");
+GridLogger GridLogDslash     (1, "Dslash", GridLogColours, "BLUE");
 GridLogger GridLogIterative  (1, "Iterative", GridLogColours, "BLUE");
 GridLogger GridLogIntegrator (1, "Integrator", GridLogColours, "BLUE");
+GridLogger GridLogHMC (1, "HMC", GridLogColours, "BLUE");
 
 void GridLogConfigure(std::vector<std::string> &logstreams) {
-  GridLogError.Active(0);
+  GridLogError.Active(1);
   GridLogWarning.Active(0);
   GridLogMessage.Active(1); // at least the messages should be always on
+  GridLogMemory.Active(0); 
+  GridLogTracing.Active(0); 
   GridLogIterative.Active(0);
   GridLogDebug.Active(0);
   GridLogPerformance.Active(0);
+  GridLogDslash.Active(0);
   GridLogIntegrator.Active(1);
   GridLogColours.Active(0);
+  GridLogHMC.Active(1);
 
   for (int i = 0; i < logstreams.size(); i++) {
-    if (logstreams[i] == std::string("Error"))       GridLogError.Active(1);
+    if (logstreams[i] == std::string("Tracing"))     GridLogTracing.Active(1);
+    if (logstreams[i] == std::string("Memory"))      GridLogMemory.Active(1);
     if (logstreams[i] == std::string("Warning"))     GridLogWarning.Active(1);
     if (logstreams[i] == std::string("NoMessage"))   GridLogMessage.Active(0);
     if (logstreams[i] == std::string("Iterative"))   GridLogIterative.Active(1);
     if (logstreams[i] == std::string("Debug"))       GridLogDebug.Active(1);
     if (logstreams[i] == std::string("Performance")) GridLogPerformance.Active(1);
-    if (logstreams[i] == std::string("Integrator"))  GridLogIntegrator.Active(1);
+    if (logstreams[i] == std::string("Dslash"))      GridLogDslash.Active(1);
+    if (logstreams[i] == std::string("NoIntegrator"))GridLogIntegrator.Active(0);
+    if (logstreams[i] == std::string("NoHMC"))       GridLogHMC.Active(0);
     if (logstreams[i] == std::string("Colours"))     GridLogColours.Active(1);
   }
 }

Grid/log/Log.h

@@ -130,13 +130,16 @@ public:
   friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& stream, Logger& log){
 
     if ( log.active ) {
+      std::ios_base::fmtflags f(stream.flags());
+
       stream << log.background()<<  std::left;
       if (log.topWidth > 0)
       {
         stream << std::setw(log.topWidth);
       }
       stream << log.topName << log.background()<< " : ";
-      stream << log.colour() <<  std::left;
+      //      stream << log.colour() <<  std::left;
+      stream <<  std::left;
       if (log.chanWidth > 0)
       {
         stream << std::setw(log.chanWidth);
@@ -151,7 +154,9 @@ public:
 	stream << log.evidence()
 	       << now	       << log.background() << " : " ;
       }
-      stream << log.colour();
+      //      stream << log.colour();
+      stream <<  std::right;
+      stream.flags(f);
       return stream;
     } else { 
       return devnull;
@@ -176,8 +181,12 @@ extern GridLogger GridLogWarning;
 extern GridLogger GridLogMessage;
 extern GridLogger GridLogDebug  ;
 extern GridLogger GridLogPerformance;
+extern GridLogger GridLogDslash;
 extern GridLogger GridLogIterative  ;
 extern GridLogger GridLogIntegrator  ;
+extern GridLogger GridLogHMC;
+extern GridLogger GridLogMemory;
+extern GridLogger GridLogTracing;
 extern Colours    GridLogColours;
 
 std::string demangle(const char* name) ;

Grid/parallelIO/BinaryIO.cc

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 #include <Grid/GridCore.h>
 
-int Grid::BinaryIO::latticeWriteMaxRetry = -1;
+int                    Grid::BinaryIO::latticeWriteMaxRetry = -1;
+Grid::BinaryIO::IoPerf Grid::BinaryIO::lastPerf;

Grid/parallelIO/BinaryIO.h

@@ -79,6 +79,13 @@ inline void removeWhitespace(std::string &key)
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 class BinaryIO {
  public:
+  struct IoPerf
+  {
+    uint64_t size{0},time{0};
+    double   mbytesPerSecond{0.};
+  };
+
+  static IoPerf lastPerf;
   static int latticeWriteMaxRetry;
 
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -502,12 +509,15 @@ class BinaryIO {
       timer.Stop();
     }
     
+    lastPerf.size            = sizeof(fobj)*iodata.size()*nrank;
+    lastPerf.time            = timer.useconds();
+    lastPerf.mbytesPerSecond = lastPerf.size/1024./1024./(lastPerf.time/1.0e6);
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"IOobject: ";
     if ( control & BINARYIO_READ) std::cout << " read  ";
     else                          std::cout << " write ";
     uint64_t bytes = sizeof(fobj)*iodata.size()*nrank;
-    std::cout<< bytes <<" bytes in "<<timer.Elapsed() <<" "
-	     << (double)bytes/ (double)timer.useconds() <<" MB/s "<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<< lastPerf.size <<" bytes in "<< timer.Elapsed() <<" "
+	     << lastPerf.mbytesPerSecond <<" MB/s "<<std::endl;
 
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage<<"IOobject: endian and checksum overhead "<<bstimer.Elapsed()  <<std::endl;
 
@@ -663,10 +673,15 @@ class BinaryIO {
 	     nersc_csum,scidac_csuma,scidac_csumb);
 
     timer.Start();
-    thread_for(lidx,lsites,{
+    thread_for(lidx,lsites,{  // FIX ME, suboptimal implementation
       std::vector<RngStateType> tmp(RngStateCount);
       std::copy(iodata[lidx].begin(),iodata[lidx].end(),tmp.begin());
-      parallel_rng.SetState(tmp,lidx);
+      Coordinate lcoor;
+      grid->LocalIndexToLocalCoor(lidx, lcoor);
+      int o_idx=grid->oIndex(lcoor);
+      int i_idx=grid->iIndex(lcoor);
+      int gidx=parallel_rng.generator_idx(o_idx,i_idx);
+      parallel_rng.SetState(tmp,gidx);
       });
     timer.Stop();
 
@@ -723,7 +738,12 @@ class BinaryIO {
     std::vector<RNGstate> iodata(lsites);
     thread_for(lidx,lsites,{
       std::vector<RngStateType> tmp(RngStateCount);
-      parallel_rng.GetState(tmp,lidx);
+      Coordinate lcoor;
+      grid->LocalIndexToLocalCoor(lidx, lcoor);
+      int o_idx=grid->oIndex(lcoor);
+      int i_idx=grid->iIndex(lcoor);
+      int gidx=parallel_rng.generator_idx(o_idx,i_idx);
+      parallel_rng.GetState(tmp,gidx);
       std::copy(tmp.begin(),tmp.end(),iodata[lidx].begin());
     });
     timer.Stop();

Grid/parallelIO/IldgIO.h

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ directory
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <string>
 #include <map>
 
 #include <pwd.h>
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ assert(GRID_FIELD_NORM_CALC(FieldNormMetaData_, n2ck) < 1.0e-5);
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Helper to fill out metadata
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
- template<class vobj> void ScidacMetaData(Lattice<vobj> & field,
+template<class vobj> void ScidacMetaData(Lattice<vobj> & field,
 					  FieldMetaData &header,
 					  scidacRecord & _scidacRecord,
 					  scidacFile   & _scidacFile) 
@@ -576,6 +577,8 @@ class ScidacReader : public GridLimeReader {
     std::string rec_name(ILDG_BINARY_DATA);
     while ( limeReaderNextRecord(LimeR) == LIME_SUCCESS ) { 
       if ( !strncmp(limeReaderType(LimeR), rec_name.c_str(),strlen(rec_name.c_str()) )  ) {
+  // in principle should do the line below, but that breaks backard compatibility with old data
+  // skipPastObjectRecord(std::string(GRID_FIELD_NORM));
 	skipPastObjectRecord(std::string(SCIDAC_CHECKSUM));
 	return;
       }
@@ -619,12 +622,12 @@ class IldgWriter : public ScidacWriter {
   // Don't require scidac records EXCEPT checksum
   // Use Grid MetaData object if present.
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  template <class vsimd>
-  void writeConfiguration(Lattice<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd> > &Umu,int sequence,std::string LFN,std::string description) 
+  template <class stats = PeriodicGaugeStatistics>
+  void writeConfiguration(Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD > &Umu,int sequence,std::string LFN,std::string description) 
   {
     GridBase * grid = Umu.Grid();
-    typedef Lattice<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd> > GaugeField;
-    typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd> vobj;
+    typedef Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD> GaugeField;
+    typedef vLorentzColourMatrixD vobj;
     typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
 
     ////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -636,6 +639,9 @@ class IldgWriter : public ScidacWriter {
 
     ScidacMetaData(Umu,header,_scidacRecord,_scidacFile);
 
+    stats Stats;
+    Stats(Umu,header);
+    
     std::string format = header.floating_point;
     header.ensemble_id    = description;
     header.ensemble_label = description;
@@ -649,7 +655,8 @@ class IldgWriter : public ScidacWriter {
     // Fill ILDG header data struct
     //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     ildgFormat ildgfmt ;
-    ildgfmt.field     = std::string("su3gauge");
+    const std::string stNC = std::to_string( Nc ) ;
+    ildgfmt.field          = std::string("su"+stNC+"gauge");
 
     if ( format == std::string("IEEE32BIG") ) { 
       ildgfmt.precision = 32;
@@ -705,10 +712,10 @@ class IldgReader : public GridLimeReader {
   // Else use ILDG MetaData object if present.
   // Else use SciDAC MetaData object if present.
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  template <class vsimd>
-  void readConfiguration(Lattice<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd> > &Umu, FieldMetaData &FieldMetaData_) {
+  template <class stats = PeriodicGaugeStatistics>
+  void readConfiguration(Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD> &Umu, FieldMetaData &FieldMetaData_) {
 
-    typedef Lattice<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd> > GaugeField;
+    typedef Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD > GaugeField;
     typedef typename GaugeField::vector_object  vobj;
     typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
 
@@ -866,7 +873,8 @@ class IldgReader : public GridLimeReader {
     } else { 
 
       assert(found_ildgFormat);
-      assert ( ildgFormat_.field == std::string("su3gauge") );
+      const std::string stNC = std::to_string( Nc ) ;
+      assert ( ildgFormat_.field == std::string("su"+stNC+"gauge") );
 
       ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
       // Populate our Grid metadata as best we can
@@ -874,7 +882,7 @@ class IldgReader : public GridLimeReader {
 
       std::ostringstream vers; vers << ildgFormat_.version;
       FieldMetaData_.hdr_version = vers.str();
-      FieldMetaData_.data_type = std::string("4D_SU3_GAUGE_3X3");
+      FieldMetaData_.data_type = std::string("4D_SU"+stNC+"_GAUGE_"+stNC+"x"+stNC);
 
       FieldMetaData_.nd=4;
       FieldMetaData_.dimension.resize(4);
@@ -921,7 +929,8 @@ class IldgReader : public GridLimeReader {
 
     if ( found_FieldMetaData || found_usqcdInfo ) {
       FieldMetaData checker;
-      GaugeStatistics(Umu,checker);
+      stats Stats;
+      Stats(Umu,checker);
       assert(fabs(checker.plaquette  - FieldMetaData_.plaquette )<1.0e-5);
       assert(fabs(checker.link_trace - FieldMetaData_.link_trace)<1.0e-5);
       std::cout << GridLogMessage<<"Plaquette and link trace match " << std::endl;

Grid/parallelIO/MetaData.h

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 
     Copyright (C) 2015
 
-
     Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+    Author: Jamie Hudspith <renwick.james.hudspth@gmail.com>
 
     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ inline void MachineCharacteristics(FieldMetaData &header)
   std::time_t t = std::time(nullptr);
   std::tm tm_ = *std::localtime(&t);
   std::ostringstream oss; 
-  //      oss << std::put_time(&tm_, "%c %Z");
+  oss << std::put_time(&tm_, "%c %Z");
   header.creation_date = oss.str();
   header.archive_date  = header.creation_date;
 
@@ -176,29 +176,18 @@ template<class vobj> inline void PrepareMetaData(Lattice<vobj> & field, FieldMet
   GridMetaData(grid,header); 
   MachineCharacteristics(header);
 }
-inline void GaugeStatistics(Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixF> & data,FieldMetaData &header)
+template<class Impl>
+class GaugeStatistics
 {
-  // How to convert data precision etc...
-  header.link_trace=WilsonLoops<PeriodicGimplF>::linkTrace(data);
-  header.plaquette =WilsonLoops<PeriodicGimplF>::avgPlaquette(data);
-}
-inline void GaugeStatistics(Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD> & data,FieldMetaData &header)
-{
-  // How to convert data precision etc...
-  header.link_trace=WilsonLoops<PeriodicGimplD>::linkTrace(data);
-  header.plaquette =WilsonLoops<PeriodicGimplD>::avgPlaquette(data);
-}
-template<> inline void PrepareMetaData<vLorentzColourMatrixF>(Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixF> & field, FieldMetaData &header)
-{
-   
-  GridBase *grid = field.Grid();
-  std::string format = getFormatString<vLorentzColourMatrixF>();
-  header.floating_point = format;
-  header.checksum = 0x0; // Nersc checksum unused in ILDG, Scidac
-  GridMetaData(grid,header); 
-  GaugeStatistics(field,header);
-  MachineCharacteristics(header);
-}
+public:
+  void operator()(Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD> & data,FieldMetaData &header)
+  {
+    header.link_trace = WilsonLoops<Impl>::linkTrace(data);
+    header.plaquette  = WilsonLoops<Impl>::avgPlaquette(data);
+  }
+};
+typedef GaugeStatistics<PeriodicGimplD> PeriodicGaugeStatistics;
+typedef GaugeStatistics<ConjugateGimplD> ConjugateGaugeStatistics;
 template<> inline void PrepareMetaData<vLorentzColourMatrixD>(Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD> & field, FieldMetaData &header)
 {
   GridBase *grid = field.Grid();
@@ -206,7 +195,6 @@ template<> inline void PrepareMetaData<vLorentzColourMatrixD>(Lattice<vLorentzCo
   header.floating_point = format;
   header.checksum = 0x0; // Nersc checksum unused in ILDG, Scidac
   GridMetaData(grid,header); 
-  GaugeStatistics(field,header);
   MachineCharacteristics(header);
 }
 
@@ -215,20 +203,24 @@ template<> inline void PrepareMetaData<vLorentzColourMatrixD>(Lattice<vLorentzCo
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 inline void reconstruct3(LorentzColourMatrix & cm)
 {
-  const int x=0;
-  const int y=1;
-  const int z=2;
+  assert( Nc < 4 && Nc > 1 ) ;
   for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
-    cm(mu)()(2,x) = adj(cm(mu)()(0,y)*cm(mu)()(1,z)-cm(mu)()(0,z)*cm(mu)()(1,y)); //x= yz-zy
-    cm(mu)()(2,y) = adj(cm(mu)()(0,z)*cm(mu)()(1,x)-cm(mu)()(0,x)*cm(mu)()(1,z)); //y= zx-xz
-    cm(mu)()(2,z) = adj(cm(mu)()(0,x)*cm(mu)()(1,y)-cm(mu)()(0,y)*cm(mu)()(1,x)); //z= xy-yx
+    #if Nc == 2
+      cm(mu)()(1,0) = -adj(cm(mu)()(0,y)) ;
+      cm(mu)()(1,1) =  adj(cm(mu)()(0,x)) ;
+    #else
+      const int x=0 , y=1 , z=2 ; // a little disinenuous labelling
+      cm(mu)()(2,x) = adj(cm(mu)()(0,y)*cm(mu)()(1,z)-cm(mu)()(0,z)*cm(mu)()(1,y)); //x= yz-zy
+      cm(mu)()(2,y) = adj(cm(mu)()(0,z)*cm(mu)()(1,x)-cm(mu)()(0,x)*cm(mu)()(1,z)); //y= zx-xz
+      cm(mu)()(2,z) = adj(cm(mu)()(0,x)*cm(mu)()(1,y)-cm(mu)()(0,y)*cm(mu)()(1,x)); //z= xy-yx
+    #endif
   }
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Some data types for intermediate storage
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-template<typename vtype> using iLorentzColour2x3 = iVector<iVector<iVector<vtype, Nc>, 2>, Nd >;
+template<typename vtype> using iLorentzColour2x3 = iVector<iVector<iVector<vtype, Nc>, Nc-1>, Nd >;
 
 typedef iLorentzColour2x3<Complex>  LorentzColour2x3;
 typedef iLorentzColour2x3<ComplexF> LorentzColour2x3F;
@@ -290,7 +282,6 @@ struct GaugeSimpleMunger{
 
 template <class fobj, class sobj>
 struct GaugeSimpleUnmunger {
-
   void operator()(sobj &in, fobj &out) {
     for (int mu = 0; mu < Nd; mu++) {
       for (int i = 0; i < Nc; i++) {
@@ -329,8 +320,8 @@ template<class fobj,class sobj>
 struct Gauge3x2munger{
   void operator() (fobj &in,sobj &out){
     for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
-      for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
-	for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
+      for(int i=0;i<Nc-1;i++){
+	for(int j=0;j<Nc;j++){
 	  out(mu)()(i,j) = in(mu)(i)(j);
 	}}
     }
@@ -342,8 +333,8 @@ template<class fobj,class sobj>
 struct Gauge3x2unmunger{
   void operator() (sobj &in,fobj &out){
     for(int mu=0;mu<Nd;mu++){
-      for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
-	for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
+      for(int i=0;i<Nc-1;i++){
+	for(int j=0;j<Nc;j++){
 	  out(mu)(i)(j) = in(mu)()(i,j);
 	}}
     }

Grid/parallelIO/NerscIO.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
     Author: Matt Spraggs <matthew.spraggs@gmail.com>
     Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
     Author: paboyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+    Author: Jamie Hudspith <renwick.james.hudspth@gmail.com>
 
     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@
 #ifndef GRID_NERSC_IO_H
 #define GRID_NERSC_IO_H
 
+#include <string>
+
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
 using namespace Grid;
@@ -39,6 +42,10 @@ using namespace Grid;
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 class NerscIO : public BinaryIO { 
 public:
+  typedef Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD> GaugeField;
+
+  // Enable/disable exiting if the plaquette in the header does not match the value computed (default true)
+  static bool & exitOnReadPlaquetteMismatch(){ static bool v=true; return v; }
 
   static inline void truncate(std::string file){
     std::ofstream fout(file,std::ios::out);
@@ -129,12 +136,12 @@ public:
   // Now the meat: the object readers
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-  template<class vsimd>
-  static inline void readConfiguration(Lattice<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd> > &Umu,
+  template<class GaugeStats=PeriodicGaugeStatistics>
+  static inline void readConfiguration(GaugeField &Umu,
 				       FieldMetaData& header,
-				       std::string file)
+				       std::string file,
+				       GaugeStats GaugeStatisticsCalculator=GaugeStats())
   {
-    typedef Lattice<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd> > GaugeField;
 
     GridBase *grid = Umu.Grid();
     uint64_t offset = readHeader(file,Umu.Grid(),header);
@@ -143,33 +150,35 @@ public:
 
     std::string format(header.floating_point);
 
-    int ieee32big = (format == std::string("IEEE32BIG"));
-    int ieee32    = (format == std::string("IEEE32"));
-    int ieee64big = (format == std::string("IEEE64BIG"));
-    int ieee64    = (format == std::string("IEEE64") || format == std::string("IEEE64LITTLE"));
+    const int ieee32big = (format == std::string("IEEE32BIG"));
+    const int ieee32    = (format == std::string("IEEE32"));
+    const int ieee64big = (format == std::string("IEEE64BIG"));
+    const int ieee64    = (format == std::string("IEEE64") || \
+			   format == std::string("IEEE64LITTLE"));
 
     uint32_t nersc_csum,scidac_csuma,scidac_csumb;
     // depending on datatype, set up munger;
     // munger is a function of <floating point, Real, data_type>
-    if ( header.data_type == std::string("4D_SU3_GAUGE") ) {
+    const std::string stNC = std::to_string( Nc ) ;
+    if ( header.data_type == std::string("4D_SU"+stNC+"_GAUGE") ) {
       if ( ieee32 || ieee32big ) {
-	BinaryIO::readLatticeObject<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd>, LorentzColour2x3F> 
+	BinaryIO::readLatticeObject<vLorentzColourMatrixD, LorentzColour2x3F> 
 	  (Umu,file,Gauge3x2munger<LorentzColour2x3F,LorentzColourMatrix>(), offset,format,
 	   nersc_csum,scidac_csuma,scidac_csumb);
       }
       if ( ieee64 || ieee64big ) {
-	BinaryIO::readLatticeObject<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd>, LorentzColour2x3D> 
+	BinaryIO::readLatticeObject<vLorentzColourMatrixD, LorentzColour2x3D> 
 	  (Umu,file,Gauge3x2munger<LorentzColour2x3D,LorentzColourMatrix>(),offset,format,
 	   nersc_csum,scidac_csuma,scidac_csumb);
       }
-    } else if ( header.data_type == std::string("4D_SU3_GAUGE_3x3") ) {
+    } else if ( header.data_type == std::string("4D_SU"+stNC+"_GAUGE_"+stNC+"x"+stNC) ) {
       if ( ieee32 || ieee32big ) {
-	BinaryIO::readLatticeObject<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd>,LorentzColourMatrixF>
+	BinaryIO::readLatticeObject<vLorentzColourMatrixD,LorentzColourMatrixF>
 	  (Umu,file,GaugeSimpleMunger<LorentzColourMatrixF,LorentzColourMatrix>(),offset,format,
 	   nersc_csum,scidac_csuma,scidac_csumb);
       }
       if ( ieee64 || ieee64big ) {
-	BinaryIO::readLatticeObject<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd>,LorentzColourMatrixD>
+	BinaryIO::readLatticeObject<vLorentzColourMatrixD,LorentzColourMatrixD>
 	  (Umu,file,GaugeSimpleMunger<LorentzColourMatrixD,LorentzColourMatrix>(),offset,format,
 	   nersc_csum,scidac_csuma,scidac_csumb);
       }
@@ -177,7 +186,7 @@ public:
       assert(0);
     }
 
-    GaugeStatistics(Umu,clone);
+    GaugeStats Stats; Stats(Umu,clone);
 
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage <<"NERSC Configuration "<<file<<" checksum "<<std::hex<<nersc_csum<< std::dec
 	     <<" header   "<<std::hex<<header.checksum<<std::dec <<std::endl;
@@ -196,31 +205,40 @@ public:
       std::cerr << " nersc_csum  " <<std::hex<< nersc_csum << " " << header.checksum<< std::dec<< std::endl;
       exit(0);
     }
-    assert(fabs(clone.plaquette -header.plaquette ) < 1.0e-5 );
+    if(exitOnReadPlaquetteMismatch()) assert(fabs(clone.plaquette -header.plaquette ) < 1.0e-5 );
     assert(fabs(clone.link_trace-header.link_trace) < 1.0e-6 );
     assert(nersc_csum == header.checksum );
       
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage <<"NERSC Configuration "<<file<< " and plaquette, link trace, and checksum agree"<<std::endl;
   }
 
-  template<class vsimd>
-  static inline void writeConfiguration(Lattice<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd> > &Umu,
+  // Preferred interface
+  template<class GaugeStats=PeriodicGaugeStatistics>
+  static inline void writeConfiguration(Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD > &Umu,
+					std::string file, 
+					std::string ens_label = std::string("DWF"),
+					std::string ens_id = std::string("UKQCD"),
+					unsigned int sequence_number = 1)
+  {
+    writeConfiguration(Umu,file,0,1,ens_label,ens_id,sequence_number);
+  }
+  template<class GaugeStats=PeriodicGaugeStatistics>
+  static inline void writeConfiguration(Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD > &Umu,
 					std::string file, 
 					int two_row,
-					int bits32)
+					int bits32,
+					std::string ens_label = std::string("DWF"),
+					std::string ens_id = std::string("UKQCD"),
+					unsigned int sequence_number = 1)
   {
-    typedef Lattice<iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd> > GaugeField;
-
-    typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<vsimd> vobj;
+    typedef vLorentzColourMatrixD vobj;
     typedef typename vobj::scalar_object sobj;
 
     FieldMetaData header;
-    ///////////////////////////////////////////
-    // Following should become arguments
-    ///////////////////////////////////////////
-    header.sequence_number = 1;
-    header.ensemble_id     = "UKQCD";
-    header.ensemble_label  = "DWF";
+    header.sequence_number = sequence_number;
+    header.ensemble_id     = ens_id;
+    header.ensemble_label  = ens_label;
+    header.hdr_version     = "1.0" ;
 
     typedef LorentzColourMatrixD fobj3D;
     typedef LorentzColour2x3D    fobj2D;
@@ -229,28 +247,39 @@ public:
 
     GridMetaData(grid,header);
     assert(header.nd==4);
-    GaugeStatistics(Umu,header);
+    GaugeStats Stats; Stats(Umu,header);
     MachineCharacteristics(header);
 
-	uint64_t offset;
+    uint64_t offset;
 
-    // Sod it -- always write 3x3 double
-    header.floating_point = std::string("IEEE64BIG");
-    header.data_type      = std::string("4D_SU3_GAUGE_3x3");
-    GaugeSimpleUnmunger<fobj3D,sobj> munge;
-	if ( grid->IsBoss() ) { 
-	  truncate(file);
-    offset = writeHeader(header,file);
-	}
-	grid->Broadcast(0,(void *)&offset,sizeof(offset));
+    // Sod it -- always write NcxNc double
+    header.floating_point  = std::string("IEEE64BIG");
+    const std::string stNC = std::to_string( Nc ) ;
+    if( two_row ) {
+      header.data_type = std::string("4D_SU" + stNC + "_GAUGE" );
+    } else {
+      header.data_type = std::string("4D_SU" + stNC + "_GAUGE_" + stNC + "x" + stNC );
+    }
+    if ( grid->IsBoss() ) { 
+      truncate(file);
+      offset = writeHeader(header,file);
+    }
+    grid->Broadcast(0,(void *)&offset,sizeof(offset));
 
     uint32_t nersc_csum,scidac_csuma,scidac_csumb;
-    BinaryIO::writeLatticeObject<vobj,fobj3D>(Umu,file,munge,offset,header.floating_point,
-					      nersc_csum,scidac_csuma,scidac_csumb);
+    if( two_row ) {
+      Gauge3x2unmunger<fobj2D,sobj> munge;
+      BinaryIO::writeLatticeObject<vobj,fobj2D>(Umu,file,munge,offset,header.floating_point,
+						nersc_csum,scidac_csuma,scidac_csumb);
+    } else {
+      GaugeSimpleUnmunger<fobj3D,sobj> munge;
+      BinaryIO::writeLatticeObject<vobj,fobj3D>(Umu,file,munge,offset,header.floating_point,
+						nersc_csum,scidac_csuma,scidac_csumb);
+    }
     header.checksum = nersc_csum;
-	if ( grid->IsBoss() ) { 
-    writeHeader(header,file);
-	}
+    if ( grid->IsBoss() ) { 
+      writeHeader(header,file);
+    }
 
     std::cout<<GridLogMessage <<"Written NERSC Configuration on "<< file << " checksum "
 	     <<std::hex<<header.checksum
@@ -278,8 +307,7 @@ public:
     header.plaquette=0.0;
     MachineCharacteristics(header);
 
-	uint64_t offset;
-  
+    uint64_t offset;
 #ifdef RNG_RANLUX
     header.floating_point = std::string("UINT64");
     header.data_type      = std::string("RANLUX48");
@@ -319,7 +347,7 @@ public:
 
     GridBase *grid = parallel.Grid();
 
-	uint64_t offset = readHeader(file,grid,header);
+    uint64_t offset = readHeader(file,grid,header);
 
     FieldMetaData clone(header);
 

Grid/parallelIO/OpenQcdIO.h

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ public:
     grid->Barrier(); timer.Stop();
     std::cout << Grid::GridLogMessage << "OpenQcdIO::readConfiguration: redistribute overhead " << timer.Elapsed() << std::endl;
 
-    GaugeStatistics(Umu, clone);
+    PeriodicGaugeStatistics Stats; Stats(Umu, clone);
 
     RealD plaq_diff = fabs(clone.plaquette - header.plaquette);
 

Grid/parallelIO/OpenQcdIOChromaReference.h

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ public:
 
     FieldMetaData clone(header);
 
-    GaugeStatistics(Umu, clone);
+    PeriodicGaugeStatistics Stats; Stats(Umu, clone);
 
     RealD plaq_diff = fabs(clone.plaquette - header.plaquette);
 

Grid/perfmon/PerfCount.cc

@@ -27,10 +27,13 @@ Author: paboyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 /*  END LEGAL */
 
 #include <Grid/GridCore.h>
-#include <Grid/perfmon/PerfCount.h>
 
+#include <Grid/perfmon/Timer.h>
+#include <Grid/perfmon/PerfCount.h>
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
+GridTimePoint theProgramStart = GridClock::now();
+
 #define CacheControl(L,O,R) ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_##L)|(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_##O<<8)| (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_##R<<16))
 #define RawConfig(A,B) (A<<8|B)
 const PerformanceCounter::PerformanceCounterConfig PerformanceCounter::PerformanceCounterConfigs [] = {

Grid/perfmon/PerfCount.h

@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ Author: paboyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #ifndef GRID_PERFCOUNT_H
 #define GRID_PERFCOUNT_H
 
+
+#ifndef __SSC_START
+#define __SSC_START
+#define __SSC_STOP
+#endif
+
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <ctime>
 #include <chrono>
@@ -44,7 +50,7 @@ Author: paboyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #endif
 #ifdef __x86_64__
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
 accelerator_inline uint64_t __rdtsc(void) {  return 0; }
 accelerator_inline uint64_t __rdpmc(int ) {  return 0; }
 #else
@@ -72,17 +78,9 @@ static long perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,
 inline uint64_t cyclecount(void){ 
   return 0;
 }
-#define __SSC_MARK(mark) __asm__ __volatile__ ("movl %0, %%ebx; .byte 0x64, 0x67, 0x90 " ::"i"(mark):"%ebx")
-#define __SSC_STOP  __SSC_MARK(0x110)
-#define __SSC_START __SSC_MARK(0x111)
-
 
 #else
 
-#define __SSC_MARK(mark) 
-#define __SSC_STOP  
-#define __SSC_START 
-
 /*
  * cycle counters arch dependent
  */
@@ -112,7 +110,6 @@ class PerformanceCounter {
 private:
 
   typedef struct { 
-  public:
     uint32_t type;
     uint64_t config;
     const char *name;

Grid/perfmon/Timer.h

@@ -35,17 +35,8 @@ Author: Peter Boyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid)
 
-// Dress the output; use std::chrono
-// C++11 time facilities better?
-inline double usecond(void) {
-  struct timeval tv;
-#ifdef TIMERS_ON
-  gettimeofday(&tv,NULL);
-#endif
-  return 1.0*tv.tv_usec + 1.0e6*tv.tv_sec;
-}
-
-typedef  std::chrono::system_clock          GridClock;
+//typedef  std::chrono::system_clock          GridClock;
+typedef  std::chrono::high_resolution_clock   GridClock;
 typedef  std::chrono::time_point<GridClock> GridTimePoint;
 
 typedef  std::chrono::seconds               GridSecs;
@@ -53,6 +44,15 @@ typedef  std::chrono::milliseconds          GridMillisecs;
 typedef  std::chrono::microseconds          GridUsecs;
 typedef  std::chrono::microseconds          GridTime;
 
+extern GridTimePoint theProgramStart;
+// Dress the output; use std::chrono
+// C++11 time facilities better?
+inline double usecond(void) {
+  auto usecs = std::chrono::duration_cast<GridUsecs>(GridClock::now()-theProgramStart); 
+  return 1.0*usecs.count();
+}
+
+
 inline std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream & stream, const GridSecs & time)
 {
   stream << time.count()<<" s";

Grid/perfmon/Tracing.h

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#pragma once
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+#ifdef GRID_TRACING_NVTX
+#include <nvToolsExt.h>
+class GridTracer {
+public:
+  GridTracer(const char* name) {
+    nvtxRangePushA(name);
+  }
+  ~GridTracer() {
+    nvtxRangePop();
+  }
+};
+inline void tracePush(const char *name) { nvtxRangePushA(name); }
+inline void tracePop(const char *name) { nvtxRangePop(); }
+inline int  traceStart(const char *name) {  }
+inline void traceStop(int ID) {  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GRID_TRACING_ROCTX
+#include <roctracer/roctx.h>
+class GridTracer {
+ public:
+  GridTracer(const char* name) {
+    roctxRangePushA(name);
+    std::cout << "roctxRangePush "<<name<<std::endl;
+  }
+  ~GridTracer() {
+    roctxRangePop();
+    std::cout << "roctxRangePop "<<std::endl;
+  }
+};
+inline void tracePush(const char *name) { roctxRangePushA(name); }
+inline void tracePop(const char *name) { roctxRangePop(); }
+inline int  traceStart(const char *name) { roctxRangeStart(name); }
+inline void traceStop(int ID) { roctxRangeStop(ID); }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GRID_TRACING_TIMER
+class GridTracer {
+ public:
+  const char *name;
+  double elapsed;
+  GridTracer(const char* _name) {
+    name = _name;
+    elapsed=-usecond();
+  }
+  ~GridTracer() {
+    elapsed+=usecond();
+    std::cout << GridLogTracing << name << " took " <<elapsed<< " us" <<std::endl;
+  }
+};
+inline void tracePush(const char *name) {  }
+inline void tracePop(const char *name) {  }
+inline int  traceStart(const char *name) { return 0; }
+inline void traceStop(int ID) {  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GRID_TRACING_NONE
+#define GRID_TRACE(name) 
+inline void tracePush(const char *name) {  }
+inline void tracePop(const char *name) {  }
+inline int  traceStart(const char *name) { return 0;  }
+inline void traceStop(int ID) {  }
+#else
+#define GRID_TRACE(name) GridTracer uniq_name_using_macros##__COUNTER__(name);
+#endif
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);

Grid/pugixml/pugixml.cc

@@ -16,8 +16,12 @@
 
 #ifdef __NVCC__
 #pragma push
+#ifdef __NVCC_DIAG_PRAGMA_SUPPORT__
+#pragma nv_diag_suppress declared_but_not_referenced // suppress "function was declared but never referenced warning"
+#else
 #pragma diag_suppress declared_but_not_referenced // suppress "function was declared but never referenced warning"
 #endif
+#endif
 
 #include "pugixml.h"
 
@@ -12773,7 +12777,7 @@ namespace pugi
 #undef PUGI__THROW_ERROR
 #undef PUGI__CHECK_ERROR
 
-#ifdef GRID_NVCC
+#ifdef GRID_CUDA
 #pragma pop
 #endif
 

Grid/qcd/QCD.h

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static constexpr int Ym = 5;
 static constexpr int Zm = 6;
 static constexpr int Tm = 7;
 
-static constexpr int Nc=3;
+static constexpr int Nc=Config_Nc;
 static constexpr int Ns=4;
 static constexpr int Nd=4;
 static constexpr int Nhs=2; // half spinor
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ static constexpr int Ngp=2; // gparity index range
 #define ColourIndex  (2)
 #define SpinIndex    (1)
 #define LorentzIndex (0)
+#define GparityFlavourIndex (0)
 
 // Also should make these a named enum type
 static constexpr int DaggerNo=0;
@@ -80,6 +81,15 @@ template<typename T> struct isSpinor {
 template <typename T> using IfSpinor    = Invoke<std::enable_if< isSpinor<T>::value,int> > ;
 template <typename T> using IfNotSpinor = Invoke<std::enable_if<!isSpinor<T>::value,int> > ;
 
+const int CoarseIndex = 4;
+template<typename T> struct isCoarsened {
+   static constexpr bool value = (CoarseIndex<=T::TensorLevel);
+};
+template <typename T> using IfCoarsened    = Invoke<std::enable_if< isCoarsened<T>::value,int> > ;
+template <typename T> using IfNotCoarsened = Invoke<std::enable_if<!isCoarsened<T>::value,int> > ;
+
+const int GparityFlavourTensorIndex = 3; //TensorLevel counts from the bottom!
+
 // ChrisK very keen to add extra space for Gparity doubling.
 //
 // Also add domain wall index, in a way where Wilson operator 
@@ -103,8 +113,10 @@ template<typename vtype> using iHalfSpinColourVector      = iScalar<iVector<iVec
     template<typename vtype> using iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix  = iScalar<iMatrix<iMatrix<iMatrix<iMatrix<vtype, Nc>, Ns>, Nc>, Ns> >;
 
 
+template<typename vtype> using iGparityFlavourVector                = iVector<iScalar<iScalar<vtype> >, Ngp>;
 template<typename vtype> using iGparitySpinColourVector       = iVector<iVector<iVector<vtype, Nc>, Ns>, Ngp >;
 template<typename vtype> using iGparityHalfSpinColourVector   = iVector<iVector<iVector<vtype, Nc>, Nhs>, Ngp >;
+template<typename vtype> using iGparityFlavourMatrix = iMatrix<iScalar<iScalar<vtype> >, Ngp>;
 
 // Spin matrix
 typedef iSpinMatrix<Complex  >          SpinMatrix;
@@ -114,6 +126,7 @@ typedef iSpinMatrix<ComplexD >          SpinMatrixD;
 typedef iSpinMatrix<vComplex >          vSpinMatrix;
 typedef iSpinMatrix<vComplexF>          vSpinMatrixF;
 typedef iSpinMatrix<vComplexD>          vSpinMatrixD;
+typedef iSpinMatrix<vComplexD2>         vSpinMatrixD2;
 
 // Colour Matrix
 typedef iColourMatrix<Complex  >        ColourMatrix;
@@ -123,6 +136,7 @@ typedef iColourMatrix<ComplexD >        ColourMatrixD;
 typedef iColourMatrix<vComplex >        vColourMatrix;
 typedef iColourMatrix<vComplexF>        vColourMatrixF;
 typedef iColourMatrix<vComplexD>        vColourMatrixD;
+typedef iColourMatrix<vComplexD2>       vColourMatrixD2;
 
 // SpinColour matrix
 typedef iSpinColourMatrix<Complex  >    SpinColourMatrix;
@@ -132,6 +146,7 @@ typedef iSpinColourMatrix<ComplexD >    SpinColourMatrixD;
 typedef iSpinColourMatrix<vComplex >    vSpinColourMatrix;
 typedef iSpinColourMatrix<vComplexF>    vSpinColourMatrixF;
 typedef iSpinColourMatrix<vComplexD>    vSpinColourMatrixD;
+typedef iSpinColourMatrix<vComplexD2>   vSpinColourMatrixD2;
 
 // SpinColourSpinColour matrix
 typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<Complex  >    SpinColourSpinColourMatrix;
@@ -141,6 +156,7 @@ typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<ComplexD >    SpinColourSpinColourMatrixD;
 typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<vComplex >    vSpinColourSpinColourMatrix;
 typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<vComplexF>    vSpinColourSpinColourMatrixF;
 typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<vComplexD>    vSpinColourSpinColourMatrixD;
+typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<vComplexD2>   vSpinColourSpinColourMatrixD2;
 
 // SpinColourSpinColour matrix
 typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<Complex  >    SpinColourSpinColourMatrix;
@@ -150,24 +166,38 @@ typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<ComplexD >    SpinColourSpinColourMatrixD;
 typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<vComplex >    vSpinColourSpinColourMatrix;
 typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<vComplexF>    vSpinColourSpinColourMatrixF;
 typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<vComplexD>    vSpinColourSpinColourMatrixD;
+typedef iSpinColourSpinColourMatrix<vComplexD2>   vSpinColourSpinColourMatrixD2;
 
 // LorentzColour
 typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<Complex  > LorentzColourMatrix;
 typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<ComplexF > LorentzColourMatrixF;
 typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<ComplexD > LorentzColourMatrixD;
 
-typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<vComplex > vLorentzColourMatrix;
-typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<vComplexF> vLorentzColourMatrixF;
-typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<vComplexD> vLorentzColourMatrixD;
+typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<vComplex >  vLorentzColourMatrix;
+typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<vComplexF>  vLorentzColourMatrixF;
+typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<vComplexD>  vLorentzColourMatrixD;
+typedef iLorentzColourMatrix<vComplexD2> vLorentzColourMatrixD2;
 
 // DoubleStored gauge field
 typedef iDoubleStoredColourMatrix<Complex  > DoubleStoredColourMatrix;
 typedef iDoubleStoredColourMatrix<ComplexF > DoubleStoredColourMatrixF;
 typedef iDoubleStoredColourMatrix<ComplexD > DoubleStoredColourMatrixD;
 
-typedef iDoubleStoredColourMatrix<vComplex > vDoubleStoredColourMatrix;
-typedef iDoubleStoredColourMatrix<vComplexF> vDoubleStoredColourMatrixF;
-typedef iDoubleStoredColourMatrix<vComplexD> vDoubleStoredColourMatrixD;
+typedef iDoubleStoredColourMatrix<vComplex >  vDoubleStoredColourMatrix;
+typedef iDoubleStoredColourMatrix<vComplexF>  vDoubleStoredColourMatrixF;
+typedef iDoubleStoredColourMatrix<vComplexD>  vDoubleStoredColourMatrixD;
+typedef iDoubleStoredColourMatrix<vComplexD2> vDoubleStoredColourMatrixD2;
+
+//G-parity flavour matrix
+typedef iGparityFlavourMatrix<Complex> GparityFlavourMatrix;
+typedef iGparityFlavourMatrix<ComplexF> GparityFlavourMatrixF;
+typedef iGparityFlavourMatrix<ComplexD> GparityFlavourMatrixD;
+
+typedef iGparityFlavourMatrix<vComplex>   vGparityFlavourMatrix;
+typedef iGparityFlavourMatrix<vComplexF>  vGparityFlavourMatrixF;
+typedef iGparityFlavourMatrix<vComplexD>  vGparityFlavourMatrixD;
+typedef iGparityFlavourMatrix<vComplexD2> vGparityFlavourMatrixD2;
+
 
 // Spin vector
 typedef iSpinVector<Complex >           SpinVector;
@@ -177,6 +207,7 @@ typedef iSpinVector<ComplexD>           SpinVectorD;
 typedef iSpinVector<vComplex >           vSpinVector;
 typedef iSpinVector<vComplexF>           vSpinVectorF;
 typedef iSpinVector<vComplexD>           vSpinVectorD;
+typedef iSpinVector<vComplexD2>          vSpinVectorD2;
 
 // Colour vector
 typedef iColourVector<Complex >         ColourVector;
@@ -186,6 +217,7 @@ typedef iColourVector<ComplexD>         ColourVectorD;
 typedef iColourVector<vComplex >         vColourVector;
 typedef iColourVector<vComplexF>         vColourVectorF;
 typedef iColourVector<vComplexD>         vColourVectorD;
+typedef iColourVector<vComplexD2>        vColourVectorD2;
 
 // SpinColourVector
 typedef iSpinColourVector<Complex >     SpinColourVector;
@@ -195,6 +227,7 @@ typedef iSpinColourVector<ComplexD>     SpinColourVectorD;
 typedef iSpinColourVector<vComplex >     vSpinColourVector;
 typedef iSpinColourVector<vComplexF>     vSpinColourVectorF;
 typedef iSpinColourVector<vComplexD>     vSpinColourVectorD;
+typedef iSpinColourVector<vComplexD2>    vSpinColourVectorD2;
 
 // HalfSpin vector
 typedef iHalfSpinVector<Complex >       HalfSpinVector;
@@ -204,15 +237,27 @@ typedef iHalfSpinVector<ComplexD>       HalfSpinVectorD;
 typedef iHalfSpinVector<vComplex >       vHalfSpinVector;
 typedef iHalfSpinVector<vComplexF>       vHalfSpinVectorF;
 typedef iHalfSpinVector<vComplexD>       vHalfSpinVectorD;
+typedef iHalfSpinVector<vComplexD2>      vHalfSpinVectorD2;
 
 // HalfSpinColour vector
 typedef iHalfSpinColourVector<Complex > HalfSpinColourVector;
 typedef iHalfSpinColourVector<ComplexF> HalfSpinColourVectorF;
 typedef iHalfSpinColourVector<ComplexD> HalfSpinColourVectorD;
     
-typedef iHalfSpinColourVector<vComplex > vHalfSpinColourVector;
-typedef iHalfSpinColourVector<vComplexF> vHalfSpinColourVectorF;
-typedef iHalfSpinColourVector<vComplexD> vHalfSpinColourVectorD;
+typedef iHalfSpinColourVector<vComplex >  vHalfSpinColourVector;
+typedef iHalfSpinColourVector<vComplexF>  vHalfSpinColourVectorF;
+typedef iHalfSpinColourVector<vComplexD>  vHalfSpinColourVectorD;
+typedef iHalfSpinColourVector<vComplexD2> vHalfSpinColourVectorD2;
+
+//G-parity flavour vector
+typedef iGparityFlavourVector<Complex >         GparityFlavourVector;
+typedef iGparityFlavourVector<ComplexF>         GparityFlavourVectorF;
+typedef iGparityFlavourVector<ComplexD>         GparityFlavourVectorD;
+
+typedef iGparityFlavourVector<vComplex >         vGparityFlavourVector;
+typedef iGparityFlavourVector<vComplexF>         vGparityFlavourVectorF;
+typedef iGparityFlavourVector<vComplexD>         vGparityFlavourVectorD;
+typedef iGparityFlavourVector<vComplexD2>        vGparityFlavourVectorD2;
     
 // singlets
 typedef iSinglet<Complex >         TComplex;     // FIXME This is painful. Tensor singlet complex type.
@@ -222,6 +267,7 @@ typedef iSinglet<ComplexD>         TComplexD;    // FIXME This is painful. Tenso
 typedef iSinglet<vComplex >        vTComplex ;   // what if we don't know the tensor structure
 typedef iSinglet<vComplexF>        vTComplexF;   // what if we don't know the tensor structure
 typedef iSinglet<vComplexD>        vTComplexD;   // what if we don't know the tensor structure
+typedef iSinglet<vComplexD2>       vTComplexD2;   // what if we don't know the tensor structure
 
 typedef iSinglet<Real >            TReal;        // Shouldn't need these; can I make it work without?
 typedef iSinglet<RealF>            TRealF;       // Shouldn't need these; can I make it work without?
@@ -239,47 +285,58 @@ typedef iSinglet<Integer >         TInteger;
 typedef Lattice<vColourMatrix>          LatticeColourMatrix;
 typedef Lattice<vColourMatrixF>         LatticeColourMatrixF;
 typedef Lattice<vColourMatrixD>         LatticeColourMatrixD;
+typedef Lattice<vColourMatrixD2>        LatticeColourMatrixD2;
 
 typedef Lattice<vSpinMatrix>            LatticeSpinMatrix;
 typedef Lattice<vSpinMatrixF>           LatticeSpinMatrixF;
 typedef Lattice<vSpinMatrixD>           LatticeSpinMatrixD;
+typedef Lattice<vSpinMatrixD2>          LatticeSpinMatrixD2;
 
 typedef Lattice<vSpinColourMatrix>      LatticeSpinColourMatrix;
 typedef Lattice<vSpinColourMatrixF>     LatticeSpinColourMatrixF;
 typedef Lattice<vSpinColourMatrixD>     LatticeSpinColourMatrixD;
+typedef Lattice<vSpinColourMatrixD2>    LatticeSpinColourMatrixD2;
 
 typedef Lattice<vSpinColourSpinColourMatrix>      LatticeSpinColourSpinColourMatrix;
 typedef Lattice<vSpinColourSpinColourMatrixF>     LatticeSpinColourSpinColourMatrixF;
 typedef Lattice<vSpinColourSpinColourMatrixD>     LatticeSpinColourSpinColourMatrixD;
+typedef Lattice<vSpinColourSpinColourMatrixD2>    LatticeSpinColourSpinColourMatrixD2;
 
-typedef Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrix>  LatticeLorentzColourMatrix;
-typedef Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixF> LatticeLorentzColourMatrixF;
-typedef Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD> LatticeLorentzColourMatrixD;
+typedef Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrix>   LatticeLorentzColourMatrix;
+typedef Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixF>  LatticeLorentzColourMatrixF;
+typedef Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD>  LatticeLorentzColourMatrixD;
+typedef Lattice<vLorentzColourMatrixD2> LatticeLorentzColourMatrixD2;
 
 // DoubleStored gauge field
-typedef Lattice<vDoubleStoredColourMatrix>  LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrix;
-typedef Lattice<vDoubleStoredColourMatrixF> LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrixF;
-typedef Lattice<vDoubleStoredColourMatrixD> LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrixD;
+typedef Lattice<vDoubleStoredColourMatrix>   LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrix;
+typedef Lattice<vDoubleStoredColourMatrixF>  LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrixF;
+typedef Lattice<vDoubleStoredColourMatrixD>  LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrixD;
+typedef Lattice<vDoubleStoredColourMatrixD2> LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrixD2;
 
 typedef Lattice<vSpinVector>            LatticeSpinVector;
 typedef Lattice<vSpinVectorF>           LatticeSpinVectorF;
 typedef Lattice<vSpinVectorD>           LatticeSpinVectorD;
+typedef Lattice<vSpinVectorD2>          LatticeSpinVectorD2;
 
 typedef Lattice<vColourVector>          LatticeColourVector;
 typedef Lattice<vColourVectorF>         LatticeColourVectorF;
 typedef Lattice<vColourVectorD>         LatticeColourVectorD;
+typedef Lattice<vColourVectorD2>        LatticeColourVectorD2;
 
 typedef Lattice<vSpinColourVector>      LatticeSpinColourVector;
 typedef Lattice<vSpinColourVectorF>     LatticeSpinColourVectorF;
 typedef Lattice<vSpinColourVectorD>     LatticeSpinColourVectorD;
+typedef Lattice<vSpinColourVectorD2>    LatticeSpinColourVectorD2;
 
 typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinVector>        LatticeHalfSpinVector;
 typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinVectorF>       LatticeHalfSpinVectorF;
 typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinVectorD>       LatticeHalfSpinVectorD;
+typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinVectorD2>      LatticeHalfSpinVectorD2;
 
-typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinColourVector>  LatticeHalfSpinColourVector;
-typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinColourVectorF> LatticeHalfSpinColourVectorF;
-typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinColourVectorD> LatticeHalfSpinColourVectorD;
+typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinColourVector>   LatticeHalfSpinColourVector;
+typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinColourVectorF>  LatticeHalfSpinColourVectorF;
+typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinColourVectorD>  LatticeHalfSpinColourVectorD;
+typedef Lattice<vHalfSpinColourVectorD2> LatticeHalfSpinColourVectorD2;
 
 typedef Lattice<vTReal>            LatticeReal;
 typedef Lattice<vTRealF>           LatticeRealF;
@@ -288,6 +345,7 @@ typedef Lattice<vTRealD>           LatticeRealD;
 typedef Lattice<vTComplex>         LatticeComplex;
 typedef Lattice<vTComplexF>        LatticeComplexF;
 typedef Lattice<vTComplexD>        LatticeComplexD;
+typedef Lattice<vTComplexD2>       LatticeComplexD2;
 
 typedef Lattice<vTInteger>         LatticeInteger; // Predicates for "where"
 
@@ -295,37 +353,42 @@ typedef Lattice<vTInteger>         LatticeInteger; // Predicates for "where"
 ///////////////////////////////////////////
 // Physical names for things
 ///////////////////////////////////////////
-typedef LatticeHalfSpinColourVector  LatticeHalfFermion;
-typedef LatticeHalfSpinColourVectorF LatticeHalfFermionF;
-typedef LatticeHalfSpinColourVectorF LatticeHalfFermionD;
+typedef LatticeHalfSpinColourVector   LatticeHalfFermion;
+typedef LatticeHalfSpinColourVectorF  LatticeHalfFermionF;
+typedef LatticeHalfSpinColourVectorD  LatticeHalfFermionD;
+typedef LatticeHalfSpinColourVectorD2 LatticeHalfFermionD2;
 
 typedef LatticeSpinColourVector      LatticeFermion;
 typedef LatticeSpinColourVectorF     LatticeFermionF;
 typedef LatticeSpinColourVectorD     LatticeFermionD;
+typedef LatticeSpinColourVectorD2    LatticeFermionD2;
 
 typedef LatticeSpinColourMatrix                LatticePropagator;
 typedef LatticeSpinColourMatrixF               LatticePropagatorF;
 typedef LatticeSpinColourMatrixD               LatticePropagatorD;
+typedef LatticeSpinColourMatrixD2              LatticePropagatorD2;
 
 typedef LatticeLorentzColourMatrix             LatticeGaugeField;
 typedef LatticeLorentzColourMatrixF            LatticeGaugeFieldF;
 typedef LatticeLorentzColourMatrixD            LatticeGaugeFieldD;
+typedef LatticeLorentzColourMatrixD2           LatticeGaugeFieldD2;
 
 typedef LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrix        LatticeDoubledGaugeField;
 typedef LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrixF       LatticeDoubledGaugeFieldF;
 typedef LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrixD       LatticeDoubledGaugeFieldD;
+typedef LatticeDoubleStoredColourMatrixD2      LatticeDoubledGaugeFieldD2;
 
 template<class GF> using LorentzScalar = Lattice<iScalar<typename GF::vector_object::element> >;
 
-// Uhgg... typing this hurt  ;)
-// (my keyboard got burning hot when I typed this, must be the anti-Fermion)
 typedef Lattice<vColourVector>          LatticeStaggeredFermion;    
 typedef Lattice<vColourVectorF>         LatticeStaggeredFermionF;    
 typedef Lattice<vColourVectorD>         LatticeStaggeredFermionD;    
+typedef Lattice<vColourVectorD2>        LatticeStaggeredFermionD2;    
 
 typedef Lattice<vColourMatrix>          LatticeStaggeredPropagator; 
 typedef Lattice<vColourMatrixF>         LatticeStaggeredPropagatorF; 
 typedef Lattice<vColourMatrixD>         LatticeStaggeredPropagatorD; 
+typedef Lattice<vColourMatrixD2>        LatticeStaggeredPropagatorD2; 
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Peek and Poke named after physics attributes
@@ -444,9 +507,20 @@ template<class vobj> void pokeLorentz(vobj &lhs,const decltype(peekIndex<Lorentz
 // Fermion <-> propagator assignements
 //////////////////////////////////////////////
 //template <class Prop, class Ferm>
+#define FAST_FERM_TO_PROP
 template <class Fimpl>
 void FermToProp(typename Fimpl::PropagatorField &p, const typename Fimpl::FermionField &f, const int s, const int c)
 {
+#ifdef FAST_FERM_TO_PROP
+  autoView(p_v,p,CpuWrite);
+  autoView(f_v,f,CpuRead);
+  thread_for(idx,p_v.oSites(),{
+      for(int ss = 0; ss < Ns; ++ss) {
+      for(int cc = 0; cc < Fimpl::Dimension; ++cc) {
+	p_v[idx]()(ss,s)(cc,c) = f_v[idx]()(ss)(cc); // Propagator sink index is LEFT, suitable for left mult by gauge link (e.g.)
+      }}
+    });
+#else
   for(int j = 0; j < Ns; ++j)
     {
       auto pjs = peekSpin(p, j, s);
@@ -458,12 +532,23 @@ void FermToProp(typename Fimpl::PropagatorField &p, const typename Fimpl::Fermio
 	}
       pokeSpin(p, pjs, j, s);
     }
+#endif
 }
     
 //template <class Prop, class Ferm>
 template <class Fimpl>
 void PropToFerm(typename Fimpl::FermionField &f, const typename Fimpl::PropagatorField &p, const int s, const int c)
 {
+#ifdef FAST_FERM_TO_PROP
+  autoView(p_v,p,CpuRead);
+  autoView(f_v,f,CpuWrite);
+  thread_for(idx,p_v.oSites(),{
+      for(int ss = 0; ss < Ns; ++ss) {
+      for(int cc = 0; cc < Fimpl::Dimension; ++cc) {
+	f_v[idx]()(ss)(cc) = p_v[idx]()(ss,s)(cc,c); // LEFT index is copied across for s,c right index
+      }}
+    });
+#else
   for(int j = 0; j < Ns; ++j)
     {
       auto pjs = peekSpin(p, j, s);
@@ -475,6 +560,7 @@ void PropToFerm(typename Fimpl::FermionField &f, const typename Fimpl::Propagato
 	}
       pokeSpin(f, fj, j);
     }
+#endif
 }
     
 //////////////////////////////////////////////

Grid/qcd/action/ActionBase.h

@@ -40,9 +40,47 @@ class Action
 
 public:
   bool is_smeared = false;
+  RealD deriv_norm_sum;
+  RealD deriv_max_sum;
+  RealD Fdt_norm_sum;
+  RealD Fdt_max_sum;
+  int   deriv_num;
+  RealD deriv_us;
+  RealD S_us;
+  RealD refresh_us;
+  void  reset_timer(void)        {
+    deriv_us = S_us = refresh_us = 0.0;
+    deriv_norm_sum = deriv_max_sum=0.0;
+    Fdt_max_sum =  Fdt_norm_sum = 0.0;
+    deriv_num=0;
+  }
+  void  deriv_log(RealD nrm, RealD max,RealD Fdt_nrm,RealD Fdt_max) {
+    if ( max > deriv_max_sum ) {
+      deriv_max_sum=max;
+    }
+    deriv_norm_sum+=nrm;
+    if ( Fdt_max > Fdt_max_sum ) {
+      Fdt_max_sum=Fdt_max;
+    }
+    Fdt_norm_sum+=Fdt_nrm; deriv_num++;
+  }
+  RealD deriv_max_average(void)       { return deriv_max_sum; };
+  RealD deriv_norm_average(void)      { return deriv_norm_sum/deriv_num; };
+  RealD Fdt_max_average(void)         { return Fdt_max_sum; };
+  RealD Fdt_norm_average(void)        { return Fdt_norm_sum/deriv_num; };
+  RealD deriv_timer(void)        { return deriv_us; };
+  RealD S_timer(void)            { return S_us; };
+  RealD refresh_timer(void)      { return refresh_us; };
+  void deriv_timer_start(void)   { deriv_us-=usecond(); }
+  void deriv_timer_stop(void)    { deriv_us+=usecond(); }
+  void refresh_timer_start(void) { refresh_us-=usecond(); }
+  void refresh_timer_stop(void)  { refresh_us+=usecond(); }
+  void S_timer_start(void)       { S_us-=usecond(); }
+  void S_timer_stop(void)        { S_us+=usecond(); }
   // Heatbath?
-  virtual void refresh(const GaugeField& U, GridParallelRNG& pRNG) = 0; // refresh pseudofermions
+  virtual void refresh(const GaugeField& U, GridSerialRNG &sRNG, GridParallelRNG& pRNG) = 0; // refresh pseudofermions
   virtual RealD S(const GaugeField& U) = 0;                             // evaluate the action
+  virtual RealD Sinitial(const GaugeField& U) { return this->S(U); } ;  // if the refresh computes the action, can cache it. Alternately refreshAndAction() ?
   virtual void deriv(const GaugeField& U, GaugeField& dSdU) = 0;        // evaluate the action derivative
   virtual std::string action_name()    = 0;                             // return the action name
   virtual std::string LogParameters()  = 0;                             // prints action parameters

Grid/qcd/action/ActionCore.h

@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ NAMESPACE_CHECK(ActionSet);
 #include <Grid/qcd/action/ActionParams.h>
 NAMESPACE_CHECK(ActionParams);
 
+#include <Grid/qcd/action/filters/MomentumFilter.h>
+#include <Grid/qcd/action/filters/DirichletFilter.h>
+#include <Grid/qcd/action/filters/DDHMCFilter.h>
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Gauge Actions
 ////////////////////////////////////////////

Grid/qcd/action/ActionParams.h

@@ -34,27 +34,45 @@ directory
 
 NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
 
-// These can move into a params header and be given MacroMagic serialisation
+
 struct GparityWilsonImplParams {
   Coordinate twists;
-  GparityWilsonImplParams() : twists(Nd, 0) {};
+                     //mu=Nd-1 is assumed to be the time direction and a twist value of 1 indicates antiperiodic BCs
+  Coordinate dirichlet; // Blocksize of dirichlet BCs
+  int  partialDirichlet;
+  GparityWilsonImplParams() : twists(Nd, 0) {
+    dirichlet.resize(0);
+    partialDirichlet=0;
+  };
 };
   
 struct WilsonImplParams {
   bool overlapCommsCompute;
+  Coordinate dirichlet; // Blocksize of dirichlet BCs
+  int  partialDirichlet;
   AcceleratorVector<Real,Nd> twist_n_2pi_L;
   AcceleratorVector<Complex,Nd> boundary_phases;
   WilsonImplParams()  {
+    dirichlet.resize(0);
+    partialDirichlet=0;
     boundary_phases.resize(Nd, 1.0);
       twist_n_2pi_L.resize(Nd, 0.0);
   };
   WilsonImplParams(const AcceleratorVector<Complex,Nd> phi) : boundary_phases(phi), overlapCommsCompute(false) {
     twist_n_2pi_L.resize(Nd, 0.0);
+    partialDirichlet=0;
+    dirichlet.resize(0);
   }
 };
 
 struct StaggeredImplParams {
-  StaggeredImplParams()  {};
+  Coordinate dirichlet; // Blocksize of dirichlet BCs
+  int  partialDirichlet;
+  StaggeredImplParams()
+  {
+    partialDirichlet=0;
+    dirichlet.resize(0);
+  };
 };
   
   struct OneFlavourRationalParams : Serializable {
@@ -63,9 +81,11 @@ struct StaggeredImplParams {
 				    RealD, hi, 
 				    int,   MaxIter, 
 				    RealD, tolerance, 
+				    RealD, mdtolerance, 
 				    int,   degree, 
 				    int,   precision,
-				    int,   BoundsCheckFreq);
+				    int,   BoundsCheckFreq,
+				    RealD, BoundsCheckTol);
     
   // MaxIter and tolerance, vectors??
     
@@ -76,16 +96,62 @@ struct StaggeredImplParams {
 				RealD tol      = 1.0e-8, 
                            	int _degree    = 10,
 				int _precision = 64,
-				int _BoundsCheckFreq=20)
+				int _BoundsCheckFreq=20,
+				RealD mdtol    = 1.0e-6,
+				double _BoundsCheckTol=1e-6)
       : lo(_lo),
 	hi(_hi),
 	MaxIter(_maxit),
 	tolerance(tol),
+        mdtolerance(mdtol),
 	degree(_degree),
         precision(_precision),
-        BoundsCheckFreq(_BoundsCheckFreq){};
+        BoundsCheckFreq(_BoundsCheckFreq),
+        BoundsCheckTol(_BoundsCheckTol){};
   };
   
+  /*Action parameters for the generalized rational action
+    The approximation is for (M^dag M)^{1/inv_pow}
+    where inv_pow is the denominator of the fractional power.
+    Default inv_pow=2 for square root, making this equivalent to 
+    the OneFlavourRational action
+  */
+    struct RationalActionParams : Serializable {
+    GRID_SERIALIZABLE_CLASS_MEMBERS(RationalActionParams, 
+				    int, inv_pow, 
+				    RealD, lo, //low eigenvalue bound of rational approx
+				    RealD, hi, //high eigenvalue bound of rational approx
+				    int,   MaxIter,  //maximum iterations in msCG
+				    RealD, action_tolerance,  //msCG tolerance in action evaluation
+				    int,   action_degree, //rational approx tolerance in action evaluation
+				    RealD, md_tolerance,  //msCG tolerance in MD integration
+				    int,   md_degree, //rational approx tolerance in MD integration
+				    int,   precision, //precision of floating point arithmetic
+				    int,   BoundsCheckFreq); //frequency the approximation is tested (with Metropolis degree/tolerance); 0 disables the check
+  // constructor 
+  RationalActionParams(int _inv_pow = 2,
+		       RealD _lo      = 0.0, 
+		       RealD _hi      = 1.0, 
+		       int _maxit     = 1000,
+		       RealD _action_tolerance      = 1.0e-8, 
+		       int _action_degree    = 10,
+		       RealD _md_tolerance      = 1.0e-8, 
+		       int _md_degree    = 10,
+		       int _precision = 64,
+		       int _BoundsCheckFreq=20)
+    : inv_pow(_inv_pow), 
+      lo(_lo),
+      hi(_hi),
+      MaxIter(_maxit),
+      action_tolerance(_action_tolerance),
+      action_degree(_action_degree),
+      md_tolerance(_md_tolerance),
+      md_degree(_md_degree),
+      precision(_precision),
+      BoundsCheckFreq(_BoundsCheckFreq){};
+  };
+
+
 NAMESPACE_END(Grid);
 
 #endif

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/CayleyFermion5D.h

@@ -68,9 +68,17 @@ public:
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Support for MADWF tricks
   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  RealD Mass(void) { return mass; };
+  RealD Mass(void) { return (mass_plus + mass_minus) / 2.0; };
+  RealD MassPlus(void) { return mass_plus; };
+  RealD MassMinus(void) { return mass_minus; };
+
   void  SetMass(RealD _mass) { 
-    mass=_mass; 
+    mass_plus=mass_minus=_mass; 
+    SetCoefficientsInternal(_zolo_hi,_gamma,_b,_c);  // Reset coeffs
+  } ;
+  void  SetMass(RealD _mass_plus, RealD _mass_minus) { 
+    mass_plus=_mass_plus;
+    mass_minus=_mass_minus;
     SetCoefficientsInternal(_zolo_hi,_gamma,_b,_c);  // Reset coeffs
   } ;
   void  P(const FermionField &psi, FermionField &chi);
@@ -108,7 +116,7 @@ public:
   void   MeooeDag5D    (const FermionField &in, FermionField &out);
 
   //    protected:
-  RealD mass;
+  RealD mass_plus, mass_minus;
 
   // Save arguments to SetCoefficientsInternal
   Vector<Coeff_t> _gamma;
@@ -175,16 +183,6 @@ public:
 		  GridRedBlackCartesian &FourDimRedBlackGrid,
 		  RealD _mass,RealD _M5,const ImplParams &p= ImplParams());
 
-  void CayleyReport(void);
-  void CayleyZeroCounters(void);
-
-  double M5Dflops;
-  double M5Dcalls;
-  double M5Dtime;
-
-  double MooeeInvFlops;
-  double MooeeInvCalls;
-  double MooeeInvTime;
 
 protected:
   virtual void SetCoefficientsZolotarev(RealD zolohi,Approx::zolotarev_data *zdata,RealD b,RealD c);

Grid/qcd/action/fermion/CloverHelpers.h

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+/*************************************************************************************
+
+    Grid physics library, www.github.com/paboyle/Grid
+
+    Source file: ./lib/qcd/action/fermion/WilsonCloverFermionImplementation.h
+
+    Copyright (C) 2017 - 2022
+
+    Author: paboyle <paboyle@ph.ed.ac.uk>
+    Author: Daniel Richtmann <daniel.richtmann@gmail.com>
+    Author: Mattia Bruno <mattia.bruno@cern.ch>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    See the full license in the file "LICENSE" in the top level distribution directory
+    *************************************************************************************/
+/*  END LEGAL */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <Grid/Grid.h>
+#include <Grid/qcd/spin/Dirac.h>
+#include <Grid/qcd/action/fermion/WilsonCloverHelpers.h>
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Standard Clover
+//   (4+m0) + csw * clover_term
+// Exp Clover
+//   (4+m0) * exp(csw/(4+m0) clover_term)
+//   = (4+m0) + csw * clover_term + ...
+////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(Grid);
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////
+// Generic Standard Clover
+//////////////////////////////////
+
+template<class Impl>
+class CloverHelpers: public WilsonCloverHelpers<Impl> {
+public:
+
+  INHERIT_IMPL_TYPES(Impl);
+  INHERIT_CLOVER_TYPES(Impl);
+
+  typedef WilsonCloverHelpers<Impl> Helpers;
+
+  static void Instantiate(CloverField& CloverTerm, CloverField& CloverTermInv, RealD csw_t, RealD diag_mass) {
+    GridBase *grid = CloverTerm.Grid();
+    CloverTerm += diag_mass;
+
+    int lvol = grid->lSites();
+    int DimRep = Impl::Dimension;
+    {
+      autoView(CTv,CloverTerm,CpuRead);
+      autoView(CTIv,CloverTermInv,CpuWrite);
+      thread_for(site, lvol, {
+        Coordinate lcoor;
+        grid->LocalIndexToLocalCoor(site, lcoor);
+        Eigen::MatrixXcd EigenCloverOp = Eigen::MatrixXcd::Zero(Ns * DimRep, Ns * DimRep);
+        Eigen::MatrixXcd EigenInvCloverOp = Eigen::MatrixXcd::Zero(Ns * DimRep, Ns * DimRep);
+        typename SiteClover::scalar_object Qx = Zero(), Qxinv = Zero();
+        peekLocalSite(Qx, CTv, lcoor);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < Ns; j++)
+          for (int k = 0; k < Ns; k++)
+            for (int a = 0; a < DimRep; a++)
+              for (int b = 0; b < DimRep; b++){
+                auto zz =  Qx()(j, k)(a, b);
+                EigenCloverOp(a + j * DimRep, b + k * DimRep) = std::complex<double>(zz);
+              }
+
+        EigenInvCloverOp = EigenCloverOp.inverse();
+        for (int j = 0; j < Ns; j++)
+          for (int k = 0; k < Ns; k++)
+            for (int a = 0; a < DimRep; a++)
+              for (int b = 0; b < DimRep; b++)
+                Qxinv()(j, k)(a, b) = EigenInvCloverOp(a + j * DimRep, b + k * DimRep);
+               pokeLocalSite(Qxinv, CTIv, lcoor);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  static GaugeLinkField Cmunu(std::vector<GaugeLinkField> &U, GaugeLinkField &lambda, int mu, int nu) {
+    return Helpers::Cmunu(U, lambda, mu, nu);
+  }
+
+};
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////
+// Generic Exp Clover
+//////////////////////////////////
+
+template<class Impl>
+class ExpCloverHelpers: public WilsonCloverHelpers<Impl> {
+public:
+
+  INHERIT_IMPL_TYPES(Impl);
+  INHERIT_CLOVER_TYPES(Impl);
+
+  template <typename vtype> using iImplClover = iScalar<iMatrix<iMatrix<vtype, Impl::Dimension>, Ns>>;
+  typedef WilsonCloverHelpers<Impl> Helpers;
+
+  // Can this be avoided?
+  static void IdentityTimesC(const CloverField& in, RealD c) {
+    int DimRep = Impl::Dimension;
+
+    autoView(in_v, in, AcceleratorWrite);
+
+    accelerator_for(ss, in.Grid()->oSites(), 1, {
+      for (int sa=0; sa<Ns; sa++)
+        for (int ca=0; ca<DimRep; ca++)
+          in_v[ss]()(sa,sa)(ca,ca) = c;
+    });
+  }
+
+  static int getNMAX(RealD prec, RealD R) {
+    /* compute stop condition for exponential */
+    int NMAX=1;
+    RealD cond=R*R/2.;
+
+    while (cond*std::exp(R)>prec) {
+      NMAX++;
+      cond*=R/(double)(NMAX+1);
+    }
+    return NMAX;
+  }
+
+  static int getNMAX(Lattice<iImplClover<vComplexD2>> &t, RealD R) {return getNMAX(1e-12,R);}
+  static int getNMAX(Lattice<iImplClover<vComplexD>> &t, RealD R) {return getNMAX(1e-12,R);}
+  static int getNMAX(Lattice<iImplClover<vComplexF>> &t, RealD R) {return getNMAX(1e-6,R);}
+
+  static void Instantiate(CloverField& Clover, CloverField& CloverInv, RealD csw_t, RealD diag_mass) {
+    GridBase* grid = Clover.Grid();
+    CloverField ExpClover(grid);
+
+    int NMAX = getNMAX(Clover, 3.*csw_t/diag_mass);
+
+    Clover *= (1.0/diag_mass);
+
+    // Taylor expansion, slow but generic
+    // Horner scheme: a0 + a1 x + a2 x^2 + .. = a0 + x (a1 + x(...))
+    // qN = cN
+    // qn = cn + qn+1 X
+    std::vector<RealD> cn(NMAX+1);
+    cn[0] = 1.0;
+    for (int i=1; i<=NMAX; i++)
+      cn[i] = cn[i-1] / RealD(i);
+
+    ExpClover = Zero();
+    IdentityTimesC(ExpClover, cn[NMAX]);
+    for (int i=NMAX-1; i>=0; i--)
+      ExpClover = ExpClover * Clover + cn[i];
+
+    // prepare inverse
+    CloverInv = (-1.0)*Clover;
+
+    Clover = ExpClover * diag_mass;
+
+    ExpClover = Zero();
+    IdentityTimesC(ExpClover, cn[NMAX]);
+    for (int i=NMAX-1; i>=0; i--)
+      ExpClover = ExpClover * CloverInv + cn[i];
+
+    CloverInv = ExpClover * (1.0/diag_mass);
+
+  }
+
+  static GaugeLinkField Cmunu(std::vector<GaugeLinkField> &U, GaugeLinkField &lambda, int mu, int nu) {
+    assert(0);
+    return lambda;
+  }
+
+};
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////
+// Compact Standard Clover
+//////////////////////////////////
+
+
+template<class Impl>
+class CompactCloverHelpers: public CompactWilsonCloverHelpers<Impl>,
+                            public WilsonCloverHelpers<Impl> {
+public:
+
+  INHERIT_IMPL_TYPES(Impl);
+  INHERIT_CLOVER_TYPES(Impl);
+  INHERIT_COMPACT_CLOVER_TYPES(Impl);
+
+  typedef WilsonCloverHelpers<Impl> Helpers;
+  typedef CompactWilsonCloverHelpers<Impl> CompactHelpers;
+
+  static void InstantiateClover(CloverField& Clover, CloverField& CloverInv, RealD csw_t, RealD diag_mass) {
+    Clover += diag_mass;
+  }
+
+  static void InvertClover(CloverField& InvClover,
+                            const CloverDiagonalField& diagonal,
+                            const CloverTriangleField& triangle,
+                            CloverDiagonalField&       diagonalInv,
+                            CloverTriangleField&       triangleInv,
+                            bool fixedBoundaries) {
+
+    CompactHelpers::Invert(diagonal, triangle, diagonalInv, triangleInv);
+  }
+
+  // TODO: implement Cmunu for better performances with compact layout, but don't do it
+  // here, but rather in WilsonCloverHelpers.h -> CompactWilsonCloverHelpers
+  static GaugeLinkField Cmunu(std::vector<GaugeLinkField> &U, GaugeLinkField &lambda, int mu, int nu) {
+    return Helpers::Cmunu(U, lambda, mu, nu);
+  }
+};
+
+//////////////////////////////////
+// Compact Exp Clover
+//////////////////////////////////
+
+template<class Impl>
+class CompactExpCloverHelpers: public CompactWilsonCloverHelpers<Impl> {
+public:
+
+  INHERIT_IMPL_TYPES(Impl);
+  INHERIT_CLOVER_TYPES(Impl);
+  INHERIT_COMPACT_CLOVER_TYPES(Impl);
+
+  template <typename vtype> using iImplClover = iScalar<iMatrix<iMatrix<vtype, Impl::Dimension>, Ns>>;
+  typedef CompactWilsonCloverHelpers<Impl> CompactHelpers;
+
+  // Can this be avoided?
+  static void IdentityTimesC(const CloverField& in, RealD c) {
+    int DimRep = Impl::Dimension;
+
+    autoView(in_v, in, AcceleratorWrite);
+
+    accelerator_for(ss, in.Grid()->oSites(), 1, {
+      for (int sa=0; sa<Ns; sa++)
+        for (int ca=0; ca<DimRep; ca++)
+          in_v[ss]()(sa,sa)(ca,ca) = c;
+    });
+  }
+
+  static int getNMAX(RealD prec, RealD R) {
+    /* compute stop condition for exponential */
+    int NMAX=1;
+    RealD cond=R*R/2.;
+
+    while (cond*std::exp(R)>prec) {
+      NMAX++;
+      cond*=R/(double)(NMAX+1);
+    }
+    return NMAX;
+  }
+
+  static int getNMAX(Lattice<iImplClover<vComplexD>> &t, RealD R) {return getNMAX(1e-12,R);}
+  static int getNMAX(Lattice<iImplClover<vComplexF>> &t, RealD R) {return getNMAX(1e-6,R);}
+
+  static void InstantiateClover(CloverField& Clover, CloverField& CloverInv, RealD csw_t, RealD diag_mass) {
+
+    GridBase* grid = Clover.Grid();
+    CloverField ExpClover(grid);
+
+    int NMAX = getNMAX(Clover, 3.*csw_t/diag_mass);
+
+    Clover *= (1.0/diag_mass);
+
+    // Taylor expansion, slow but generic
+    // Horner scheme: a0 + a1 x + a2 x^2 + .. = a0 + x (a1 + x(...))
+    // qN = cN
+    // qn = cn + qn+1 X
+    std::vector<RealD> cn(NMAX+1);
+    cn[0] = 1.0;
+    for (int i=1; i<=NMAX; i++)
+      cn[i] = cn[i-1] / RealD(i);
+
+    ExpClover = Zero();
+    IdentityTimesC(ExpClover, cn[NMAX]);
+    for (int i=NMAX-1; i>=0; i--)
+      ExpClover = ExpClover * Clover + cn[i];
+
+    // prepare inverse
+    CloverInv = (-1.0)*Clover;
+
+    Clover = ExpClover * diag_mass;
+
+    ExpClover = Zero();
+    IdentityTimesC(ExpClover, cn[NMAX]);
+    for (int i=NMAX-1; i>=0; i--)
+      ExpClover = ExpClover * CloverInv + cn[i];
+
+    CloverInv = ExpClover * (1.0/diag_mass);
+
+  }
+
+  static void InvertClover(CloverField& InvClover,
+                            const CloverDiagonalField& diagonal,
+                            const CloverTriangleField& triangle,
+                            CloverDiagonalField&       diagonalInv,
+                            CloverTriangleField&       triangleInv,
+                            bool fixedBoundaries) {
+
+    if (fixedBoundaries)
+    {
+      CompactHelpers::Invert(diagonal, triangle, diagonalInv, triangleInv);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      CompactHelpers::ConvertLayout(InvClover, diagonalInv, triangleInv);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static GaugeLinkField Cmunu(std::vector<GaugeLinkField> &U, GaugeLinkField &lambda, int mu, int nu) {
+    assert(0);
+    return lambda;
+  }
+
+};
+
+
+NAMESPACE_END(Grid);